1、高考英语阅读解题高考英语阅读解题方法指导方法指导一、一、猜词技巧猜词技巧.精品课件.1设问特点：设问特点：1、从原文中找、从原文中找单词，短语或句子单词，短语或句子设问。设问。2、所问词或句与该词该句、所问词或句与该词该句常见意思不同常见意思不同，无，无法望文生义法望文生义,只有在具体的只有在具体的上下文上下文中才可判断中才可判断准确。准确。3、所考单词有的是、所考单词有的是生词生词，有的是，有的是旧词新意旧词新意。4、正确选项的特征是放在原文不仅单句合理、正确选项的特征是放在原文不仅单句合理，全文也合理。，全文也合理。5、错误选项或是、错误选项或是字面意思字面意思，或是，或是故意胡说故意胡说
2、。.精品课件.2 .精品课件.3词义理解题常见的题型有词义理解题常见的题型有:1.The word“”refers to/probably means/could best be replaced by _.2.What do you think the expression“”stands for?3.The underlined sentence“”means _.精品课件.4How do you deal with the unfamiliar words or phrases while reading?Ignore them and continue readingLook them
3、 up in the dictionaryGuess the meaning.精品课件.51.He would _ the gold from his grandma.2.Unlike his brother,Hobart is quite 2.Unlike his brother,Hobart is quite _._.How to guess the missing words?Harvey is a thief:he would _ the gold from his grandma and not feel guilty.stealUnlike his brother,who is t
4、ruly a handsome person,Hobart is quite _.ordinary-lookingplain/homely.精品课件.6Skills for guessing unknown words:1.The lion has its “territory”,which is an area that an animal,usually the male,claims（声称）as its own.“territory”means _ an area(that-own)an area(that-own)动物地盘动物地盘2.He is a resolute man.Once
5、he makes up his mind to do something,he wont give it up halfway.The underlined word means_.A.strong B.determined C.kind D.clever定语从句或其后的句子其实是一种定义或解释定语从句或其后的句子其实是一种定义或解释.精品课件.7技巧归纳技巧归纳1:1:Use _Use _利用利用_definition or explanation definition or explanation 定义或解释猜测词义定义或解释猜测词义mean,refer to,be called,be k
6、nown as,can be defined as,in other words,that is,that is to say,namely，be called，be identified as，to put it differently 括号括号,引号引号,破折号，破折号，定语从定语从句句.etc.精品课件.8PruningPruning is important because it is important because it encourages the growth of tender encourages the growth of tender shoots(shoots(嫩芽
7、）嫩芽）,or young leaves of trees.,or young leaves of trees.The word The word“pruningpruning”means_ means_A.Regular cutting of the plantsA.Regular cutting of the plantsB.Frequent wateringB.Frequent wateringC.Regular use of chemicalsC.Regular use of chemicalsD.Growing the plants high in the mountainD.Gro
8、wing the plants high in the mountain技巧归纳技巧归纳 2 2：Using_Using_ 根据根据_common sense or experiencecommon sense or experience普通常识和经验普通常识和经验.精品课件.9技巧归纳3:利用_ from_2.The period of adolescence,the period between childhood and adulthood,may be long or short.A 少儿期少儿期 B 幼儿期幼儿期 C 青春期青春期 D 成人成人期同义同义/同位语同位语similari
9、ty/appositive1.In fact,only about 80 ocelots,an endangered wild cat,exist in the U.S.today “ocelot”means _an endangered wild cat an endangered wild cat.精品课件.10The largest player Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Center offers a wide variety of choices,such as deluxe sedans,minivans,station wagons,coaches.S
10、antana sedans are the big favorite of the tourists.The underlined words used in the text refer to _.A.cars in the making B.car rental firms C.cars for rent D.car makers 技巧归纳技巧归纳4:利用利用_举例举例 from examplesfrom examplesSignal words：for example，for instance，such as，like，as，etc.精品课件.11技巧归纳技巧归纳5：利用利用_From_
11、1.The snow was falling.Big flakes drifted(飘）飘）with the wind like feathers.2.Unlike her gregarious sister,Jane is a shy person who does not like to go to parties or make new friends.雪花，雪片雪花，雪片爱交际的爱交际的比较或对比比较或对比 comparison or contrastcomparison or contrastSignal words:as,like,the same as，unlike,but，ho
12、wever,on the contrary,while,insteadect.精品课件.12技巧归纳技巧归纳6:利用利用_ From_(1)Overwork may cause diseases.over（过分的、过量的）（过分的、过量的）workoverwork“工工作过度作过度”。(2)There was a dissatisfied look in the managers eyes.dis“不不”+satisfied“满意的满意的=dissatisfied“不不满意的满意的”。构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）Word formationWord fo
13、rmation.精品课件.13Compounding ConversionDerivationprefixsuffix.精品课件.14 表否定 un-,non-,in-,dis-表相反表相反 un-,de-,dis-,counter-错误失当错误失当 mis-,mal-,pseudo-表向背表向背 pro-,anti-表程度表程度 arch-,super-,ultra-,over-,under-,mini-,semi-,表时间表时间 pre,fore-,post-表方位表方位 sub-,inter-,trans-prefixdecontrol transplant counterattack解
14、除控制 移植 反击 .精品课件.15suffix-able （能（能的）的）-less （无，不）（无，不）-wards （向）向）-ship （身份；资格；权力；性（身份；资格；权力；性质）质）-some （易于易于的）的）-hood （状态；性质；时期）（状态；性质；时期）-ish （如（如的；有点儿的；有点儿的）的）-proof (防防的；不能穿透的）的；不能穿透的）-scape （景）（景）-most (最最的）的）waterproof streetscape innermost speechless.精品课件.16l He is said to be“undersized with“
15、short legs and a“round stomach”.（08广东卷）广东卷）lTales of the supernatural are common in all parts of Britain.（08广东卷）广东卷）lThey caught the emotional landscape from heartbreak to joy,but share the undeniable longing for recovery and hope.(2010深一模深一模)Derivation小尺寸的;较矮小的;超自然的风景不可否认的.精品课件.17l He was something
16、 out of an ancient legend,his very strange,dusty felt hat,his funny accent from who-knows-where（06广东卷）广东卷）Compounding 谁都不知是什么地方.精品课件.18（08广东卷）广东卷）lShe rested herself against a post close to the tracks（09广东卷）广东卷）Conversionv.v.n.n.发言，发表意见发言，发表意见n.n.v.v.倚靠倚靠.精品课件.191.Is he intelligent or stupid?2.Most
17、women in Ghana-the educated and illiterate,the urban and rural,the young and old-work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers.Their reputation for economic independence,self-reliance,and hard work is well known and well deserved.The underlined word“illitera
18、te”in the passage means _.A.Repeated B.reiterated.C uneducated D.sickclever技巧归纳技巧归纳7:7:利用利用_ From_ From_同义词或反义词的关系猜词。同义词或反义词的关系猜词。Synonym or Antonym.Synonym or Antonym.精品课件.201.I feel that since you are my superior（上司）（上司）,it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do.”The word“presumptuous”
19、is closest in meaning to“”.Afull of respect Brude and too confident Clacking in experience Dtoo shy and quiet B技巧归纳技巧归纳8 8：利用利用_ From _ _原因与结果关系猜词原因与结果关系猜词from Cause and ResultSignal words:because,so,so thathence,thereforeAs a result,assince,for,thus.精品课件.21 The official asked the man what his occup
20、ation was.The man told him that he worked as an engineer.A.work B.study C.name D.interest技巧归纳技巧归纳9:9:Use_ Use_ 利用利用_worked as an engineer.context or related informationcontext or related information上下文的语境上下文的语境.精品课件.22利用上下文利用上下文熟词新义熟词新义生活常识生活常识找信息词找信息词指代关系指代关系.精品课件.231.When men and women lived by hu
21、nting 50,000 years ago,how could they even begin to picture modern life?2.The mayor made an address to the citizens at the meeting yesterday.imaginespeech.精品课件.24l（福建卷）福建卷）Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming.Currently th
22、e trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tons of CO2 each year,equal to the total amount of CO2 giving off in the UK each year.l64.The phrase“mopping up”in the paragraph means_.A.cleaning up B.taking in C.wiping out D.giving out.精品课件.25l When I first became a reporter I knew a man who gave u
23、p a very well paid respectable job at the Daily Telegraph to go and edit a small weekly newspaper.At the time I was astonished by what appeared to me to be his completely abnormal(反常的反常的)mental state.How could anyone turn his back on Fleet Street in central London for a small local area?lThe underli
24、ned phrase“turn his back on”most probably mean _.A.leave for B.return to C.give up D.rely on.精品课件.26 (2009年全国卷年全国卷I)If your child is unwilling to discuss something,dont insist he tell you whats on his mind.The more you insist,the more likely that hell clam up.69.What does the phrase“clam up”in Parag
25、raph 2 probably mean?A.become excited B.show respectC.refuse to talk D.seek help.精品课件.27lAs a woman,I feel unsafe here.I spend a bomb on taxis because I will not take public transport after 10 p.m.I used to use it,but now Im afraid.(04广东卷广东卷)l58.The underlined part“it”refers to_.A.a taxi B.the money
26、 C.a bomb D.public transport this,that,it,them,onethis,that,it,them,one等代词指代内容一般等代词指代内容一般是在此词的前面是在此词的前面,理解上下文特别是上句的意理解上下文特别是上句的意识和本句的意思是解题的关键识和本句的意思是解题的关键.精品课件.28猜词技巧猜词技巧Tips for guessing the meaning of words1.利用定义或解释定义或解释2.利用普通常识和经验普通常识和经验3.利用同义同义/同位语同位语4.利用举例举例 5.利用比较或对比比较或对比6.利用构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）构
27、词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）7.利用同义词或反义词同义词或反义词8.利用原因与结果关系猜词原因与结果关系猜词9.利用上下文的语境上下文的语境.精品课件.29More practice.Finish Exx.1 to 10,then discuss the answers with your group.精品课件.301.A good teacher works in quite a different way.His audience take an active part in his play:they ask and answer questions,they obey orders
28、,and if they dont understand something,they say so.The word“audience”in the paragraph means _.A.students B.people who watch a play C.people who act on the stage D.people who listen to something常识常识 teacher-studentsteacher-students.精品课件.31 2.When some kind of pain killer(止痛药）止痛药）was brought out recen
29、tly,researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective（无效的）（无效的）.The underlined part“the colours turned the customers off”means that the colours_A.Attracted the customers stronglyB.Had weak effects on the customersC.Tricked the custome
30、rs into shoppingD.Caused the customers to lose interest D因果关系因果关系becausebecause.精品课件.32 3.Collins decided that she must go,although the hazards of the trip were many,for example,the unbearable heat,the possibility of getting lost,the presence of wild animals and poisonous snakes.“hazard”means _A.ple
31、asure,B.problem,C.danger,D.attractionC举例举例for examplefor example.精品课件.33 4.In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players,they strongly blame competition.Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or s
32、ocietyThe underlined phrase“the most vocal”means_A.Those who try their best to winB.Those who value competition most highlyC.Those who are against competition most stronglyD.Those who rely on others most for successC上下文语境context or related information.精品课件.34 5.Without examinations,employers will lo
33、ok for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to thema form of favoritism will replace equality.The word“favoritism is used to describe the phenomenon that _.A.bright children also need certificates to get satisfying jobs B.children from well-respected schools tend to ha
34、ve good jobs C.poor children with certificates are favored in job markets D.children attending ordinary schools achieve great success 破折号（定义或同位语）破折号（定义或同位语）.精品课件.356.Grown-ups also have a sense of object permanence.That is to say,if we put a box in a room and lock the door,the box will still be ther
35、e when we come back.“Object permanence”means that when out of sight,an object _A.Still exists B.keeps its shapeC.Still stays solid D.is beyond reachA1.定义definitionthat is to say 也就是说2.构词法permanentpermanence.精品课件.367.A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle;instead,it can be a basket of fun
36、,according to Beth Anaclerio,an Evaston mother of two,ages 4 and 18 months.What does the underlined word hassle“probably mean?A.a party designed by specialists B.a plan requiring careful thought C.a situation causing difficulty or trouble D.a demand made by guests 比较比较comparisoncomparison(instead(in
37、stead相反相反,反而反而).精品课件.378.William Shakespeare said.“The web of our life is of a mingled mingled yarn（纱线），good and ill together.”The underlined word“mingled”most probably means .Asimple Bmixed Csad DhappyBdefinition or explanation definition or explanation 定义或解释猜测词义定义或解释猜测词义.精品课件.389.The house looked
38、quite normal outside,but inside it was very exotic with fascinating objects on display.As he began putting them into his bag,a god came into the room.It stopped when it saw Buster,then wagged its tail madly and went over to him,licking his outstretched hand.“Good boy,”Buster whispered.“What a great
39、guard dog you are-trying to lick me to death.”Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word“exotic”?A Messy and untidy.B.Rich and expensive.C.Comfortable and calming D.Unusual and foreign.对比对比contrastcontrast normalbut-unusual.精品课件.39 10.Lions are opportunists.They prefer to eat without
40、 having to do too much work.When resting in the shade,they are also watching the sky to see what is flying by,and even in the heat of the day they will suddenly start up and run a mile across the plains to find out what is going on.If another animal has made a kill,they will drive it off and take th
41、e kill for themselves.By describing lions as“opportunists”,the author means to say that lions _.A.are cruel animals B.are clever animalsC.Like to take advantage of（利用）（利用）other animalsD.Like to take every chance to eat构词法及下文解释构词法及下文解释opportunity-istopportunity-ist.精品课件.40Practice in the passage.精品课件
42、.4111.He had been getting better but during the night his condition deteriorated.Get worse12.The animal with the longevity is the giant land tortoise which can live several hundreds years.长寿长寿13.They are vertebrates,that is,animals have backbones.文中“vertebrates”的意思是_脊椎动物脊椎动物.精品课件.4214.She did not he
43、ar what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading.concentrate/focus her attention onconcentrate/focus her attention on15.But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time.Then there is a dry period，or drought.A long period of shortage of rainfall.精品课件.4316.Do you have any strong op
44、inion on co-educational or single-sex schools?co（共同的）（共同的）-education-al 男女同校教育的男女同校教育的 17.Those new comers were not used to the life in the suburbs which was so different from that inside the city.country.精品课件.44Ex2:“The Dave you saw on TV was the real Dave,”says friend Pat Williams,“He wasnt a grea
45、t actor or a great speaker.He was just Joe Everybody.”74.“He was just Joe Everybody.”(in the last paragraph)means _.A.Dave was famous B.Dave was ordinary C.Dave was showy D.Dave was shy.精品课件.45Ex3:And if youve gathered your friends around you to rebuild a happy family atmosphere(气氛气氛),you may fear t
46、hat saying no will bring back the kind of conflict you grew up with-or destroy the nice atmosphere you now enjoy The underlined word conflict means _.A.dependent lifeB.fierce fight C.bad manners D.painful feeling.精品课件.46Ex.4:Provide incentive.Tell your children the importance of saving.“For every do
47、llar he or she agrees to save and invest rather than spend,you agree to add another dollar to the pot,”says Cathy Pareto,expert in money planning.The underlined word“incentive”in this paragraph means _.A Honor B.praise C.excitement D.encouragement.精品课件.47 Here is The PinesThe Pines,whose cook has de
48、veloped a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou,wild boar,and reindeer with surprising sauces.（2004年福建卷）According to the passage,The Pines is a .Aplace in which you can see many mobile homesBmountain where you can get a good view of the valleyCtown which happens to be near the Banff Nat
49、ional ParkDrestaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food.精品课件.48 Ex.5:Those new comers were not used to the life in the suburbs which was so different from that inside the city.A.town B.capital C.country D.housethe city.精品课件.491.Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or singl
50、e-sex schools?2.Marry Cassatt gave up her social position and all thought of a husband and a family,which in those times was unthinkable for a young lady.3.Finally,renewable energy sources are used even though they are often expensive to develop.co-education-al 男女同校教育的男女同校教育的 un-think-able 不可思议的不可思议
