1、1专业四级考试的应对方法专业四级考试的应对方法II*2考核运用词汇考核运用词汇、短语、语法结构以及基本语法概念的短语、语法结构以及基本语法概念的能力能力,要求能灵活正确地运用教学大纲语法大纲一至四要求能灵活正确地运用教学大纲语法大纲一至四级的全部内容级的全部内容,掌握教学大纲词汇表掌握教学大纲词汇表5500-6000个认知个认知词汇词汇,并能正确熟练地运用其中并能正确熟练地运用其中3000-4000个单词及其个单词及其最基本的搭配。最基本的搭配。该部分一共该部分一共30题题,共共15分分,其中词汇和语法各占其中词汇和语法各占50%。Vocabulary&Grammar考核内容考核内容*3语法结
2、构的考查重点语法结构的考查重点 涉及面宽涉及面宽:所有词类所有词类动词的三种非谓语形式动词的三种非谓语形式名词从句名词从句形容词从句形容词从句副词从句副词从句独立主格独立主格一致一致倒装倒装强调强调*4语法结构的考查重点语法结构的考查重点 重点突出重点突出内容庞杂较难掌握的项目内容庞杂较难掌握的项目:虚拟语气虚拟语气状语从句状语从句定语从句定语从句独立主格独立主格情态动词情态动词具体考查重点为以上项目的特殊用法具体考查重点为以上项目的特殊用法*5语法和词汇的复习思路：语法和词汇的复习思路：1全面掌握基本语法点，重点记住各个项目中的全面掌握基本语法点，重点记住各个项目中的“偏，偏，特，难特，难”
3、点。点。2掌握常用习惯用法和词组。掌握常用习惯用法和词组。3注意在阅读中培养语感，因为在语篇层次上培养的注意在阅读中培养语感，因为在语篇层次上培养的语感往往可以直接帮助答题。语感往往可以直接帮助答题。4研究以往考试试题，适当做些练习记住典型题例。研究以往考试试题，适当做些练习记住典型题例。*6虚拟语气虚拟语气:It is adj./p.p.+that 从句从句:用用(should)动词原形动词原形vital/necessary/urgent/imperative/desirable/advisable/essential/impossible/appropriate/proper/prefer
4、ablesuggested/arranged/requested/required/recommended/demanded/desired1.It is necessary that we not forget our instructions.2.The professor said it was imperative that he _ the report by next Friday.A.got B.get C.would get D.would have got*73.It is essential that these application forms _ back as ea
5、rly as possible.A.must be sent B.will be sent C.are sent D.be sent4.The board deemed it urgent that these files _ right away.A.had to be printed B.should have been printed C.must be printed D.should be printedD.urgent 在句中做形式宾语在句中做形式宾语 it 的补足语，其后的从句应使用虚拟的补足语，其后的从句应使用虚拟式，即式，即 should+动词原形。动词原形。*85.His
6、father states that it is important he _ two years of Spanish before graduation.A.completes B.has completed C.will have completed D.have completed D.compare:It is important that he has completed two years of Spanish before graduation.*9V.+that 从句从句:用用(should)动词原形动词原形建议建议：suggest/propose/recommend 命令命
7、令：order/command/demand 请求请求：request/require/insist 6.He demands that his son _ him.A.obeys B.ought t obey C.obey D.to obey7.It was recommended that passengers _ smoke.A.not B.need not C.could not D.would notA.虚拟动词为虚拟动词为 be,not 放在放在 be 前与后皆可前与后皆可,其他动词其他动词,not 放在动放在动词前词前.He insisted that she not be pr
8、esent/be not present.*10 N.+that clause 用用(should)动词原形动词原形suggestion/proposal/order/motion/recommendation8.He left orders that nothing _ touched until the police arrived.A.be B.ought to be C.must be D.would be9.Mr.Smith was determined that his children _ in the school.A.would be taken good care of B
9、.could be taken good care of C.should be taken good care of D.must be taken good care ofC.be determined:make a decision*1110.He insisted that he _ innocent.A.was B.were C.be D.isA.Here insist means assert forcefully and persistently,in which case it introduces the indicative.Insist can mean demand f
10、orcefully and persistently,in which case it introduces the subjunctive.He insisted that he be given the chance to prove it.11.Her facial expression suggested that she _ angry.A.should B.must be C.was D.beC.Here suggest:indicate*12lest/in case/for fear that 表示目的表示目的,有时用有时用(should)+动动词原形词原形I avoided m
11、entioning the subject lest she(should)be offended.I darent tell you what he said about you,for fear that he(should)be angry with me.He left early in case he(should)miss the last train.这里的这里的 should 词汇意义相当于词汇意义相当于might;而且也可以使用而且也可以使用陈述语气陈述语气Take your raincoat in case it rains.*1312.Harry read the let
12、ter again lest he _ anything important.A.should miss B.have missed C.would miss D.might have missedA.In order that,indicating a positive purpose,also sometimes introduces a subjunctive clause,though it more commonly introduces a clause using the auxiliary verb may(or in the subjunctive,might):I am p
13、utting your dinner in the oven in order that it(may)keep warm.He wrote it in his diary in order that he(might)remember.*14If/though/whatever/so long as/whether 引导从句引导从句可以用动词原形，可以用动词原形，should/may(动词原形动词原形),或陈述式或陈述式If that be the case，Though everyone like you,I will not.Whatever be your excuse,I will
14、not forgive you.Whether she be young or old,It is time/about time/high time+that从句从句:用一般过去时用一般过去时13.Its time we _ our dispute.A.should settle B.settle C.settled D.ought to settle*15but for/except for 主句可用虚拟主句可用虚拟Except for you,I should be dead by now.14._ your timely advice,I would never have known
15、how to go about the work.A.Unless B.But for C.Except D.Not forB.as if/as though He walks as it he were drunk.He walks as if he is drunk.*16wish 后的宾语从句后的宾语从句与过去事实相反与过去事实相反,用过去完成时用过去完成时I wish I had not attended his lecture last term.与现在事实相反与现在事实相反,用一般过去时用一般过去时I wish I were a little bird.将来的愿望将来的愿望,用用w
16、ould/could/might+动词原形动词原形I wish something interesting would happen.if only与与 wish 一样一样If only I could own a BMW!If only she could have lived a little longer.If only there would be no test.*17I would rather/would sooner/would just as soon/would prefer/might as well/用一般过去时或过去完成时用一般过去时或过去完成时I would rat
17、her you kept being hard-hearted.I would rather they hadnt got married.Id rather she _ less on fancy clothes.A.would spend B.spent C.will spend D.spendsB.*18情态动词表示的假设意义情态动词表示的假设意义That she should leave me was rather unthinkable.Would that everyone might have a shelter.To think that their love would co
18、me to such a conclusion.He would that his boss not be so cruel.*19程式化语言程式化语言if need beas it werebe that as it may(就算是那样就算是那样)I know you dont like him,but be that as it may,you can at least be polite to him.far be it from(or for)me(我决不会我决不会)Far be it from me to tell you what to do.God bless America!H
19、eaven forefend(禁止禁止)/forbiddenso be it(那就这样吧那就这样吧)woe betideWoe betide anyone who arrives late!*20If 在虚拟从句中的省略在虚拟从句中的省略:有有 had/should/were,倒装倒装_ immediately,she would be able to submit the report before the deadline.A.Were she acting B.Were she to actC.If she acts D.If she will actB.*21非谓语动词非谓语动词不定式
20、不定式,分词分词,动名词动名词1.He left the house in a hurry with the door _.A.to unlock B.unlocking C.to be unlocked D.unlockedD.2.Although _ Spanish,he attended the course.A.he was knowing B.he is knowing C.having a knowledge of D.knowsC.know 是静态动词，不能用于进行时是静态动词，不能用于进行时。knowledge 作作“了解了解”讲时，前面可加讲时，前面可加“a”，常用于词组常用
21、于词组have a knowledge of 中，所以选中，所以选C。*223.Though his father never approved of _ to drama school,he later became a well-known actor.A.going B.his to go C.his going D.his goC.用作宾语用作宾语,him/his going 皆可，皆可，但用作主语，只能用但用作主语，只能用 his going 形式形式。His going to drama school was to our surprise.4.This is one of the
22、 issues that deserve _.A.mentioning B.being mentioned C.to mention D.for mentionA.deserve,need,require 后动名词用主动形式表示被动，如用后动名词用主动形式表示被动，如用不定式则必须是被动形式不定式则必须是被动形式。*235.Joseph was very lucky _ with his life;he almost did not get out of the room.A.to escape B.to have escaped C.to escaping D.to be escaping
23、B.不定式的完成式，表示过去的某一动作业已完成。不定式的完成式，表示过去的某一动作业已完成。6.I never regretted _ the offer,for it was not where my interest lay.A.not to accept B.not having accepted C.having not accepted D.not acceptingD.*24like doing:habituallike to do:one time,future7.I dont like _ bills but when I do get them I like _ them p
24、romptly.A.to get,paying B.getting,to pay C.to get,to pay D.getting,payingB.Note:在在 like,love,prefer 前有前有 would,should 时，只能跟时，只能跟不定式。不定式。*258.The students expected there _more reviewing classes before the final exams.A.is B.being C.have been D.to be D.动词动词 expect 后必须接动词不定式作其宾语。后必须接动词不定式作其宾语。advise,al
25、low,forbid,permit,recommend 等动词接动名等动词接动名词作宾语，接不定式作宾语补足语。词作宾语，接不定式作宾语补足语。She doesnt allow smoking in the house,but she allows me to smoke outside.too to vs.only/all too to I am only too pleased to accept your invitation.*26名词性从句：主语从句，宾语从句，同位语从句名词性从句：主语从句，宾语从句，同位语从句从属连词从属连词:that,if,whether;连接代词连接代词:wh
26、o,whoever,whom,whomever,which,what,whatever,whichever,whose;连接副词连接副词:where,when,why,how.从属连词只起连接作用，而连接代词和连接副词还在从从属连词只起连接作用，而连接代词和连接副词还在从句中充当一定的成分。句中充当一定的成分。Who will preside over the meeting is still unknown.You can marry who(m)you like.The question is who will attend the party on behalf of us.*27“if
27、”cannot introduce a subject,predicative or appositive clause,or be used with“or(not)”.#If she likes the present is not clear to me.#What we want to know is if we can pass the test.#Please tell me if or not you agree.if or not 是错误的是错误的,但但if or not 是正确的用法是正确的用法Please tell me if you agree or not.#You h
28、ave yet to answer my question if I can count on your help.doubt/doubtful 后的宾语从句，主句肯定，用后的宾语从句，主句肯定，用 whether/if,否否定用定用 thatThere is no doubt that you have made the right choice.I doubt whether you have made the right choice.*28状语从句状语从句条件状语从句条件状语从句:on condition that,provided that,in case,givenProvided
29、 that there is no objection,we will have a test now.In case he comes,let me know.Should I be free tomorrow,I will come.倒装，无连词倒装，无连词Given(that)I am provided with another chance,I will do it again.I will come on condition that my wife is not invited.In the event that we win,there will be a celebration
30、.I will come if need be.If this be true,I am sorry for it.真实条件真实条件,正式语体正式语体*29让步状语从句让步状语从句:although,while,when,(even)if,for all,whereas,whether or,regardless of whetherWhile they are my neighbors,I dont know them well.He walks when he might take a taxi.If she is poor,at least she is honest.if 表示让步表示
31、让步For all her achievements,she remains modest.He thought I was lying,whereas I was telling the truth.Whether she be young or old,she will have my eternal love.Student as(though可倒装也可不可倒装也可不)he is,he knows more about the subject than his teacher.“student”前不要加冠词前不要加冠词*30时间状语从句时间状语从句hardly/scarcelywhen/
32、before,no soonerthanHardly/scarcely had I left when/before the trouble started.No sooner had she agreed to marry him than she began to have serious doubts.the moment,the instant,the minute,the second,directly,immediately 用作连词表示用作连词表示:as soon asEach time I see you I will laugh.1.Ill let you know _ I
33、_ the news.A.directly,hear B.directly,heard C.direct,hear D.directly,hearingA.*312.No one can walk the wire without a bit of fear unless _ very young.A.having been trained B.trained C.to be trained D.being trainedB.在英语中在英语中,如果状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同，且从句中有如果状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同，且从句中有 be 动词动词,则从句中的主语和则从句中的主语和 be 动
34、词可以省略。动词可以省略。3.While driving along the treacherous road,_.A.my right rear tire blew out B.my right rear tire had a blow out C.I had a blow out on my right rear tire D.I had my right rear tire blow outC.*32while/when“while”从句中是延续的动作或状态从句中是延续的动作或状态(be,stay,wait,live),而而不能是瞬时性的不能是瞬时性的(get up,arrive,etc
35、.)，即引导两个同时进行的即引导两个同时进行的持续时间较长的动作。持续时间较长的动作。“when”通常指一时的动作，可表示从通常指一时的动作，可表示从句动作与主句动作同时发生，或先于主句动作。句动作与主句动作同时发生，或先于主句动作。“as”通常引导通常引导两个同时发生的持续时间较短的动作。两个同时发生的持续时间较短的动作。当当“when”从句中的动词是持续性动词时从句中的动词是持续性动词时,就可以用就可以用 while.主主句和从句都为延续的，一般用句和从句都为延续的，一般用while.“while”They arrived while I was sunbathing.We must st
36、rike while the iron is hot.He wrote his greatest novel while working on a freighter.*33until/beforeHe didnt arrive until I returned.直到我回来时他才到达直到我回来时他才到达.He didnt arrive before I returned.在我回来之前他尚未到达在我回来之前他尚未到达.It is not until that.Not until 倒装倒装*34原因状语从句原因状语从句“for”引导的从句只说明推断的理由，只能后置引导的从句只说明推断的理由，只能后
37、置 The fuel must have been run out of,for the engine stopped.in thatLiquids are like solids _ they have a definite volume.*35其他状语从句其他状语从句1.A is to B what C is to D.Intellect is to the mind _ sight is to the body.2.other than vs.rather thanIn no country _ Britain,is has been said,can one experience fo
38、ur sesaons in the course of a single day.A.other than B.more than C.better than D.rather thanA.3.Home is home,_ ever so homely(simple and plain).A.it is B.it were C.be it D.it beC.倒装的倒装的be的虚拟语气的虚拟语气,较少见较少见,带文学色彩带文学色彩*36定语从句定语从句当先行词是当先行词是 all,或指物的或指物的 anything,something,nothing 等不等不定代词时定代词时:thatI wil
39、l do anything that you want me to do.先行词前有先行词前有 first,last,only,few,much,some,any,no等修等修饰时饰时:thatThis is the only thing that I can do for you.先行词前有最高级修饰时先行词前有最高级修饰时:thatU.S.A.is the most powerful country that has ever existed.在限制性定语从句中在限制性定语从句中,只有只有 that 才能充当定语从句中的表语才能充当定语从句中的表语.She is not the brill
40、iant dancer that she used to be.*37As 引导定语从句，先行词一般是整个句子，位置灵活。引导定语从句，先行词一般是整个句子，位置灵活。1.Only wear such clothes _ really necessary.A.as were B.as they C.as they were D.as areD.as 在从句中作主语在从句中作主语2.The back garden of our house contains a lawn,_ very pleasant to sit on in summer.A.which is B.which it is C.
41、it is D.where it isA.which 引出非限制性定语从句，在句中作主语，且和引出非限制性定语从句，在句中作主语，且和 sit on 构构成动宾关系成动宾关系。类似的句子有类似的句子有：This room is comfortable to live in.*383.After _ seemed an endless wait,it was her run to step into the directors office.A.it B.that C.what D.whichC.在由在由after 引导的介词短语中，引导的介词短语中，what seemed(to be)起定语作
42、起定语作用，修饰用，修饰 an endless wait。E.g.:I saw what seemed to be a fox.4.The experiment requires more money than _.A.have been put in B.being put in C.has been put in D.to be put inC.than 可以作关系代词可以作关系代词,在该从句中作主语在该从句中作主语*39在以在以 there be 为谓语动词的定语从句中，如关系代词作主语，为谓语动词的定语从句中，如关系代词作主语，则关系代词则关系代词 that 可省略可省略.Shakes
43、peare is acknowledged to be the greatest writer(that)there has ever been.5.No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything _ going on in the world.A.it is B.as is C.there is D.what isC.6.The reason _ Im writing is to tell you about the exam.A.because B.as C.why D.forC.*407.This
44、company has now introduced a policy _ pay rises are related to performance at work.A.which B.where C.whether D.whatB.8._ the Atlantic Ocean cross the equator,the trade winds cause a flow of water to the west.A.That B.When C.Where D.ThoughC.9.There is one point _ Id like your advice.that B.which C.wh
45、ere D.whenA.C.*41倒装倒装句首为表示地点句首为表示地点,方向方向,时间的状语时间的状语:here,there,down,up,out,away,etc.There goes the bell.Here comes the teacher.Then came the teacher.Up and down went the prices.但主语为代词时不倒装但主语为代词时不倒装:Here he comes.Away they went.Cf.Away went his money.*42句首为表示地点的介词短语句首为表示地点的介词短语On the platform stood t
46、he teacher.To the list may be added the following names.部分倒装部分倒装 句首状语表示否定含义：句首状语表示否定含义：seldom,never,hardly,scarcely,little,by no means,on no account,in vainUnder no circumstance should one commit suicide.Scarcely _ such a moving novel.A.have I ever read B.I have ever read C.I read D.read IA.*43 only
47、 在句首在句首,主句倒装主句倒装:Only after marriage did she find that she made a serious mistake.1.Only when _ special permission,_ in pencil.A.are you given,you may writeB.you are given,you may write C.are you given,may you writeD.you are given,may you writenot only but alsoNot only does he sing,he also composes.
48、句首为句首为 so,nor,neither“John is very clever.”“So is he.”“So he is.”*443.Just as the soil is a part of the earth,_ the atmosphere.A.as it is B.so is C.the same as D.and so isB.just as.，so.为一固定结构，意为为一固定结构，意为“正如正如，也也”。结果状语从句中结果状语从句中so 在句首：在句首：2.So badly _ in the car accident that he had to stay in hospit
49、al for a few months.A.did he injure B.injured himC.was he injured D.he was injuredC.*45表示频率的副词在句首表示频率的副词在句首:often,once,many a time,etc.Many a time did I come back home in the dream.表示方式的部分副词表示方式的部分副词Luckily would I earn more money by trading stocks.否定形式的宾语提前否定形式的宾语提前Not a single word did he speak.Cf
50、.This problem we have examined in Chapter 3.well 在句首在句首Well do I remember the day when it happened.*46than 从句从句I spend more than do my friends.Western Nebraska generally receives less snow than _ Eastern Nebraska.A.in B.it receives in C.does D.it does inC.*47一致一致集体名词作主语，如指整体概念用单数，否则用复数。集体名词作主语，如指整体概
