1、（英语） 英语阅读理解专题练习(及答案)一、高中英语阅读理解1阅读理解 Education is not a bystanders sport. Numerous researchers have shown that when students participate in classroom discussion they hold more positive attitudes toward school, and that positive attitudes promote learning. It is no coincidence that girls are more pass
2、ive in the classroom discussion and score lower than boys on SATs. We found that at all grade levels in all communities and in all subject areas boys controlled classroom communication. They participated in more interactions than girls did, and their participation became greater as the year went on.
3、 Our research contradicted the traditional assumption that girls control classroom communication in reading while boys in math. We found that whether the subject was language arts and English or math and science, boys got more than their fair share of teacher attention. That teachers talk more to ma
4、le students is simply because boys are more aggressive in grabbing their attention by calling out answers to the teachers questions first. While girls sit patiently with their hands raised or keep silent. Psychologist Lisa Serbin and K.Daniel OLeary, then at the state university of New York at stony
5、 brook studied classroom interaction at preschool level and found that teachers gave boys more attention, praised them more often and were at least twice as likely to have extended conversations with them. Years of experience have shown that the best way to learn something is to do it yourself. It i
6、s also important to give students specific and direct feedback about the quality of their work and answers. Teachers behave differently depending on whether boys or girls are active to provide answers during discussions. During classroom discussion, teachers in our study reacted to boys answers with
7、 powerful, precise and effective responses, while they often gave girls mild and unclear reactions because of their silence. Too often, girls remain in the dark about the quality of their answers. Active students receiving precise feedback are more likely to achieve academically. And they are more l
8、ikely to be boys. This kind of communication game is played at work, as well as at school. As reported in numerous studies, it goes like this. Men speak more often and frequently interrupt women. Listeners recall more from male speakers than from female speakers, even when both use a similar speakin
9、g style and cover the same content. Women participate less actively in conversation. They do more smiling and gazing, and they are more often the passive by standers in professional and social conversations among peers. Women often their own statements into unsure comments. This is accomplished by u
10、sing qualifiers and by adding tag question. These uncertain patterns weaken impact and signal a lack of power and influence. Only when girls are active and treated equally in the classroom will they be more likely to achieve equality in the workplace.（1）What does the authors mean when they say“Educa
11、tion is not a bystanders sport.”? A.Both boys and girls should do more sports.B.The girl students should be the audience to watch the boy students discussions.C.The boy students should not be too active in the classroom discussions.D.Both boy and girl students should take an active part in the class
12、room discussions.（2）Which of the following is Not true? A.Girls scores are lower than boys on SATs.B.Girls control classroom discussion in reading while boys in maths.C.Boys control classroom discussion in both reading and maths.D.Boys are more confident in calling out answers to catching the teache
13、rs attention.（3）The factors that contribute to the students effective learning are the following except_. A.The students can take an active part in the classroom discussionB.The students do it themselvesC.Teachers can give students specific and direct feedback the quality of their work and answersD.
14、Students transform their own statements into uncertain comments【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了教育不是旁观者的活动。要想学有所获，必须积极参与其中互动。男生比女生更加积极地参与课堂互动，因此获得老师更多的直接指导，这使得他们的能力得到培养，个性也得到张扬，所以在今后的职场中也能够站统领地位。女性要想获得同等的地位，应该从积极参与课堂互动开始。（1）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，许多研究表明，当学生参与课堂讨论时，他们对上学持更积极的态度，积极的态度促进学习。女生在课堂讨论中更被动，在SAT考
15、试中得分低于男生，这不是巧合。因此推断作者说“教育不是旁观者的活动”是为了表明男孩和女孩都应该积极参与课堂讨论。故选D。（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Our research contradicted the traditional assumption that girls control classroom communication in reading while boys in math. We found that whether the subject was language arts and English or math and science, boys got m
16、ore than their fair share of teacher attention.”可知，我们的研究违背了传统的假设，即女孩在阅读中控制课堂交流，而男孩在数学中控制课堂交流。我们发现，无论是语言艺术和英语，还是数学和科学，男孩在教师的注意力中所占的份额都超过了他们的平均水平。因此女孩在阅读中控制课堂交流，而男孩在数学中控制课堂交流的说法是错误的。故选B。（3）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Numerous researchers have shown that when students participate in classroom discussion they hold m
17、ore positive attitudes toward school, and that positive attitudes promote learning.”可知，A项“学生们能够积极参与课堂讨论”是对的；根据第四段的“Years of experience have shown that the best way to learn something is to do it yourself. It is also important to give students specific and direct feedback about the quality of their w
18、ork and answers. ”可知，多年的经验表明，最好的学习方法是自己去做。给学生关于他们的工作和答案的质量的具体而直接的反馈也是很重要的。 故B、C都是有利的因素；而D项“学生们将自己的陈述转化为不确定的评论 ”文章中没有提到。故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。2阅读理解 Sleep, considered a luxury by many, is essential for a persons wellbeing. Researchers have found tha
19、t insufficient sleep increases a persons risk of developing severe medical conditions, such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Now, a new study by Bostons Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has found that getting sufficient sleep is also the key to improving academic perform
20、ance. Jeffrey Grossman, who led the research, was not trying to find the link between sleep and grades when he handed out Fitbits to the 100 students in his introduction to Solid-State Chemistry class. Instead, the professor of Computational Materials Science hoped the popular wrist-worn device whic
21、h, tracks a persons activity 24/7, would show a connection between physical exercise and academic achievement. However, the study, published in the journal “Science Learning” on October 1, 2019, discovered a surprising insight. Then was a straight-line relationship between the average amount of slee
22、p a student got and his/her grade on the 11 quizzes, three midterms, and the final exam administered during the semester. Even more interesting, it was also not sufficient for students to just head to bed early the night before a test. Instead, its the sleep you get during the days when learning is
23、happening that matters most. The time students went to bed each night was similarly important. Those who went to bed in the early hours of the morning performed poorly, even if the total sleep time was the same as a higher - performing student. “When you go to bed matters. Grossman says. If you go t
24、o bed after 2, your performance starts to go down even if you get the same seven hours. So, quantity isnt everything.”（1）What is the new finding about sleep? A.Its essential for a persons health.B.Sleeping less may cause obesity.C.Sleeping too much is dangerous.D.Ample sleep leads to better grades.（
25、2）What does the underlined word Fitbits in paragraph 2 refer to? A.Wearable devices.B.Questionnaires.C.Fitness equipment.D.Smartphones.（3）Which of the following best describes the final result the new study? A.Doubtful.B.Predictable.C.Disappointing.D.Unexpected.（4）What will benefit students study ac
26、cording to Grossman? A.Sleeping for 5 hours each day.B.Heading to bed at 3 a.m every day.C.Getting enough sleep while learning.D.Going to bed early only before a test.【答案】 （1）D（2）A（3）D（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一项新研究表明，睡眠质量不足除了对身体健康造成不良影响之外，也会对学习成绩产生影响。好的睡眠质量是提高学习成绩的关键。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Now, a new study
27、 by Bostons Massachusetts Institute of Technology ( MIT) has found that getting sufficient sleep is also the key to improving academic performance. ”现在，波士顿麻省理工学院的一项新研究发现，充足的睡眠也是提高学习成绩的关键，可知关于睡眠的新发现是充足的睡眠会带来更好的成绩。故选D。 （2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“Instead, the professor of Computational Materials Science hoped t
28、he popular wrist-worn device which tracks a persons activity 24/7, would show a connection between physical exercise and academic achievement.”可知相反，这位计算材料科学的教授希望这个流行的腕带设备能够显示出体育锻炼和学术成就之间的联系。可知Fitbits指的是一种可以穿戴的设备。故选A。 （3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第三段中的“However, the study, published in the journal “Science Learning”
29、 on October 1, 2019, discovered a surprising insight.”然而，发表在2019年10月1日科学学习杂志上的这项研究却有一个惊人的发现，其中surprising“令人惊奇的”可推知这项新研究的最终结果是让人意想不到的。故选D。 （4）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“Instead, its the sleep you get during the days when learning is happening that matters most.”相反，最重要的是你在学习期间的睡眠；以及最后一段中的“When you go to bed mat
30、ters. Grossman says. If you go to bed after 2, your performance starts to go down even if you get the same seven hours. So, quantity isnt everything.”什么时候睡觉很重要。Grossman说。如果你在2点以后睡觉，即使你睡了7个小时，你的表现也会开始下降。所以，数量并不是一切，可知Grossman认为学习时睡眠充足将有利于学生的学习。故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息
31、，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。 3阅读理解 As a volunteer teacher, I moved into an apartment with eagerness. Sorting all the necessary paperwork out, I got ready to start my work. Great, or so I thought. At 4 a.m. and at several intervals after that, I was rudely awaken by the cock that lives opposite me.
32、 Fantastic! I now have 5 extra alarms every morning. In the following weeks, I also started to notice a trend. Things in my flat started to break at the rate of one object per day, like the hot water line, bowls, cups, shower, doors or glass shelves. Yes, I am clumsy but things just fell apart. If i
33、t wasnt broken, it would either be dirty or missing. Using my washing basket for the first time was pretty disgusting. When I took out my clothes, they were swiftly followed by a hundred or so bugs that were living in the bottom. As for the general Lack of equipment in the hose, there was no oven. t
34、in opener, or sharp knives. It turns out making a vegetarian burger from scratch wasnt the best idea. I had a small microwave and a grill. I thought the general understanding was never to put metal in a microwave but I went on. Smoke soon started to appear. Im not quite sure if it was the burger or
35、the grill but as soon as I opened the door, the electricity cut out, I spent the fallowing 10 minutes in a dark, smoky room hunting for the power switch using the light from my mobile phone, which broke the week after and left me without a connection to the outer world. Luckily, Im now borrowing a p
36、hone and my luck has returned. No more things have broken (probably because there is nothing left to break). I am learning how to adapt to life with limited, broken utensils (用具).（1）How did the author feel about her new life upon her arrival? A.She was nervous to kick off the new job.B.She was annoy
37、ed with the rude students.C.She was full of enthusiasm about her new life.D.She was satisfied with five alarm clocks in her room.（2）What was the trend in the following weeks? A.Her flat became dirtier.B.she developed disability.C.Things began to go wrong.D.More clothes needed mending.（3）What happene
38、d when the author was making a burger? A.She suffered a big fire.B.She made a terrible mistake.C.She was seriously injured.D.She broke her phone accidentally.（4）What can be inferred about the author from the end of the passage? A.She will go on living here.B.She will resign from her job.C.she will m
39、ore into a new flat.D.She will buy new daily necessities.【答案】 （1）C（2）C（3）B（4）A 【解析】【分析】本文为一篇记叙文，作者去西班牙的一个漂亮小岛上做英语老师，虽然拥有自己的公寓，可是里边的生活用具很老旧，给作者的生活带来了诸多不便。这让作者学会了如何利用有限的生活用品去生活。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“As a volunteer teacher, I moved into an apartment with eagerness. Sorting all the necessary paperwork out,
40、 I got ready to start my work. Great, or so I thought.”可知，作者怀着迫切心情搬进公寓，整理好各种文件做好开始工作的准备，心想一切还不错。所以作者刚到的时候是满怀热情的。故选C。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Things in my flat started to break at the rate of one object per day, like the hot water line, bowls, cups, shower, doors or glass shelves.”；以及“If it wasnt broken, i
41、t would either be dirty or missing. Using my washing basket for the first time was pretty disgusting. When I took out my clothes, they were swiftly followed by a hundred or so bugs that were living in the bottom.”可知，接下来的几周作者所住的房子里东西每天损坏一件，不坏的东西要么脏了，要么找不到了，洗衣篮里都是虫子。据此可推知，事情开始出问题。故选C。 （3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中
42、的“ I thought the general understanding was never to put metal in a microwave but I went on Smoke soon started to appear.”可知，作者本来知道不能把将金属烤架放进微波炉里，但是她还是这样做了，导致冒烟，发生了故障。据此可知，作者在做汉堡时犯了个错误。故选B。 （4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“ I am also learning how to adapt to life with limited， broken utensils(用具)”可知，作者还在学习如何利用有限的破
43、旧的日常用品适应生活，因此推测她还会继续住在这里。故选A。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。4阅读理解 For top students from low-income families, the challenge of applying to colleges is particularly difficult. 1 in 4 deal with all of thatthe writing, the studying, the researching and applyingco
44、mpletely on their own. One approach to make this whole process easier? Pair students up with an adviser. Thats the idea behind CollegePoint, an initiative to help gifted students go to schools that match their intellectual(智力的)ability. When a high school student takes a standardized testthe PSAT, SA
45、T or ACTand they score in the 90th percentile, and their families make less than$80, 000 a year, they get an email from the program offering them a free adviser. The advisers listen, guide and answer studentsquestions. Connor Rechtzigel, an adviser in Minnesota, sees the importance of his role, for
46、research shows that low-income students are far more likely to undermatch because they dont think they have what it takes to get in and because many dont even know what schools are out there. He helped high school senior Justice Benjamin, the first in his family to apply to college, think about what
47、 his ideal learning experience was. Finally, Justice narrowed in on smaller schools where he could study environmental science and made his final choice：Skidmore College in New York. He felt empowered by the process. Figuring out how to pay for college is a major part of what, CollegePoint advisers
48、do. Nakhle, an adviser in North Carolina, is working with Hensley, an Ohio high school senior who cant get extra financial help from her family. They spent a lot of time comparing and analyzing her financial-aid award letters, which made her decision much clearer. Finally, the Ohio State University offered an option where she would pay nothing. Staying in-
