1、【英语】高考英语阅读理解试题(有答案和解析)及解析一、高中英语阅读理解1阅读理解 Plastic sludge(污泥)and garbage is a disaster for the worlds oceans. A film crew traveled the globe to document the rubbish. And Julie Andersen of the Plastic Oceans Foundation says what we see is just the tip of the problem. “Half of the waste actually sinks t
2、o the bottom, and that remains on the surface actually breaks down. ” The filmmakers found rubbish in ocean gyres, the circulating currents that trap large concentrations of pollution in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacifc Oceans, home of what some have plastic. What we found was a plastic smog that sp
3、read throughout all the water. And in some parts of the oceans, scientists have found more plastic than plant. ” The pieces of the plastic garbage infect the food chain, sometimes visibly, and more so at the microscopic level, where the plastic particles interact with other pollutants. “There are he
4、avy metals, medicines, industrial waste in the sea, while it acts like magnets(磁铁). These poisonous substances absorb on the plastic, and then when seafood absorbs the plastics, those poisonous substances enter the fatty tissues. ”To be consumed by other sea life and by people at last. China, Indone
5、sia, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam are the worst plastic polluters. The United States, although a leader in recycling, is one of the worlds 20 since it produces and consumes so much plastic. There are efforts around the world to address the problem, including at this newly opened recycling c
6、enter in Lebanon(黎巴嫩). But Andersen says there is more that people can do. “Cut back on single-use plastics, straws, plastic cups, plastic water bottles, plastic bags and find alternatives like reusable materials.” She says healthy oceans are essential to our survival.（1）What can we learn from the p
7、assage? A.Theres all island full of plastic rubbish in the Pacific.B.The bad effect of plastic pollution cant be seen by eyes.C.The United States is the least plastic polluters.D.The plastic pollution to oceans is more serious than what we can see.（2）What does the underlined word “it” refer to in pa
8、ragraph 3? A.Pollutants like heavy metals and medicines.B.The plastic particles.C.Seafood.D.Fatty tissues.（3）What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A.All Asian countries have the most serious problem of plastic pollution.B.The plastic problem hasnt attracted the worlds attention.C.Andersen is
9、 not satisfied with what has been done to solve the plastic problem,D.People should stop using plastic products immediately.（4）Which may be the title of the passage? A.Plastic pollution in the World.B.Plastic pollutionOceansDisaster.C.Ways to solve the problem of plastic pollution to oceans.D.Plasti
10、c pollution and our health.【答案】 （1）D（2）B（3）C（4）B 【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了塑料污染对海洋导致的影响。 （1）细节理解题。根据第一段第三句：And Julie Andersen of the Plastic Oceans Foundation says what we see is just the tip of the problem. 可知，塑料海洋基金会的朱莉安德森说，我们看到的只是问题的冰山一角。故可推测塑料对海洋的污染比我们所看到的更严重，故选D。 （2）词义猜测题。根据The pieces of the plastic
11、 garbage infect the food chain，sometimes visibly，and more so at the microscopic level，where the plastic particles interact with other pollutants. There are heavy metals，medicines，industrial waste in the sea，while it acts like magnets（磁铁）. 可知，塑料垃圾碎片在微观层面感染食物链，有时是明显的，塑料颗粒与其他污染物相互作用. 海洋中有重金属，药物，工业废物，使其
12、像磁铁一样. it指代的是塑料颗粒。故选B。 （3）推理判断题。根据But Andersen says there is more that people can do. Cut back on single-use plastics，straws，plastic cups，plastic water bottles，plastic bags and find alternatives like reusable materials. She says healthy oceans are essential to our survival. 可知，安德森说人们还可以做更多事情来预防污染，可推
13、测出安德森对于目前解决塑料问题所做的工作不满意。故选C。 （4）主旨大意题。阅读全文，根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了塑料污染海洋灾害。故选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇说明类阅读，要求考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，同时根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。2阅读理解 More and more comments sections are being shut down online. Autumn Phillips had
14、 had enough. On Aug. 19, the executive editor of the Quad- City Times in Iowa, and Illinois, US visited her website, , and saw a story about a man who had been shot to death. When she got to the readers comments sections at the end, she was shocked by what she saw. Below the story was a growing numb
15、er of commentsa racist remark about democratic votes, a negative comment about police So Phillips decided to do something she had been thinking about for a long time: she shut down the comments sections. Phillips was not alone in making such a move. Last week, NPR announced k too was closing its onl
16、ine comments sections. The decisions dont mean that the news outlets are no longer interested in what their audiences are thinking. Both stressed their eagerness to hear from readers and listeners on social networks. But both agreed that comments had deviated from their original intention. And so th
17、ey had. In early days of digital journalism, comments were seen as a key part of this new media, a wonderful opportunity for strengthening the dialogue between news producers and their audiences. It was a welcome change, given that for long many news organizations were far too separated from their r
18、eaders. Much more back and forth conversation seemed like healthy and welcome evolution. Sadly, thats not the way things turned out. Rather than a place for exchanging ideas, comments sections became the home of ugly name-calling, racism and anti-women language. Besides their poisonous quality, comm
19、ents seem out of place today. Since we made the announcement, Ive received an outpouring of responses from our readers, she says. Ive heard from parents whose children were hurt by our online comments. Ive heard from people who said they wouldnt send in letters to the editor because they were attack
20、ed so fiercely by comments, and wasnt worth it.（1）Why did Autumn Phillips shut down the comments sections? A.They were put to wrong use.B.Her website was attacked heavily.C.They exposed many illegal issues.D.She was angry about readers comments.（2）What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 ind
21、icate about comments? A.They were out of date.B.They had gone against their original intentions.C.They were full of sensitive information.D.They couldnt interest the audience.（3）What was the welcome change in the early digital journalism? A.Readers, having more access to news.B.Readers making less n
22、egative comments.C.Readers freedom to express their thoughts.D.Readers active involvement in the news industry.（4）How do many readers feel about Autumn Phillips, move according to the last paragraph? A.Cautious.B.Hopeful.C.Surprised.D.Supportive.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）D（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，越来越多的在线评论被关闭了。虽然
23、在数字新闻业的早期，在线评论被视为新媒体的重要组成部分，是加强新闻生产者与受众之间对话的绝佳机会；但事实上评论区不是一个交流思想的地方，里面充满了各种负面的消息。（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“When she got to the readers comments sections at the end, she was shocked by what she saw. Below the story was a growing number of commentsa racist remark about democratic votes, a negative comment abo
24、ut police So Phillips decided to do something she had been thinking about for a long time: she shut down the comments sections.”可知，Autumn Phillips关闭了评论部分是因为他们被错误地使用了。故选A。（2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“The decisions dont mean that the news outlets are no longer interested in what their audiences are thinking. Bot
25、h stressed their eagerness to hear from readers and listeners on social networks. But both agreed that comments had deviated from their original intention.” 这些决定并不意味着新闻媒体不再对他们的听众的想法感兴趣。两人都强调，他们渴望在社交网络上听到读者和听众的声音。但双方都认为，评论偏离了他们最初的意图。由此推知划线句子的意思是“他们违背了他们最初的意图。”故选B。（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“In early days of di
26、gital journalism, comments were seen as a key part of this new media, a wonderful opportunity for strengthening the dialogue between news producers and their audiences. It was a welcome change, given that for long many news organizations were far too separated from their readers.”可知，在早期的数字新闻中，读者积极参与
27、新闻行业是受欢迎的改变。故选D。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Ive heard from parents whose children were hurt by our online comments. Ive heard from people who said they wouldnt send in letters to the editor because they were attacked so fiercely by comments, and wasnt worth it.”可知，根据最后一段许多读者对Autumn Phillips是支持的。故选D。【点评】本题考点涉
28、及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇社会类阅读，考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。3阅读理解 As the days get shorter and the chilly weather rolls in, we all want to curl up in a blanket and hibernate until spring rolls around. But making time to get outside in the sun, even when its cold out, could have bigger mood benefits than you
29、might realize. While the link between sunshine and mental health is nothing new, new research from Brigham Young University(BYU) has shown that the association may be even stronger than previously realized. It finds that sunlight exposure is by far the greatest weather-related factor determining men
30、tal health outcomes. In other words: more sunshine, more happiness. For the study, a psychologist, a physicist and a statistician from BYU teamed up to compare daily environmental data from the universitys Physics and Astronomy Weather Station with emotional health data archived by day for 16,452 ad
31、ult therapy patients who were being treated at the BYU Counseling and Psychological Services Center. Exposure to sunlight is a significant factor in seasonal affective disorder. Research has shown that the brain produces more of the feel-good neurotransmitter serotonin on sunny days than it does on
32、darker days. Whats more, lack of sunlight is linked with lower vitamin D levels, which in turn has been correlated with depression and low energy. If youre getting enough sun, your emotions should remain relatively stable, the researchers found. But as the amount of sunlight in the day is reduced, l
33、evels of emotional pain can soar. Other weather variables including temperature, pollution and rain were not found to have an impact on mental health. We were surprised that many of the weather and pollution variables we included in the study were not significantly correlated with clients scores on
34、the distress measure once we had accounted for suntime, Dr. Mark Beecher, a professor of psychology at the university and the studys lead author, told The Huffington Post. People tend to associate rainy days, pollution, and other meteorological phenomena with sadness or depression, but we did not fi
35、nd that.（1）What does the author suggest we do in Paragraph 1? A.Realized the benefits of sunshine.B.Avoid hibernating in springtime.C.Curl up in a blanket in cold weather.D.Enjoy sunshine even in cold weather.（2）The underlined word soar in Paragraph 5 most probably means ? A.Rise sharply.B.Vary unst
36、ably.C.Drop slightly.D.Change greatly.（3）What does the passage say about the research done by BYU? A.It is done on normal adults of various ages.B.It is carried out by Dr Mark Beecher alone.C.It concludes the sunshine means happiness.D.It finds that temperature affects mental health.（4）What can be i
37、nferred from the passage? A.Lower vitamin D levels are helpful in keeping us energetic B.The research findings are inconsistent with the popular belief.C.The more sunshine we get, the less excited we are likely to feel.D.The link between sunshine and mental health was unknown before.【答案】 （1）D（2）A（3）
38、C（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明：阳光照射是影响心理健康结果的最重要的天气因素。换句话说：阳光越多，幸福越多。 （1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“But making time to get outside in the sun, even when its cold out, could have bigger mood benefits than you might realize”花时间晒太阳，甚至当外面很冷的时候也要这样做，这可能对你的情绪有很大好处。可知，作者建议我们晒太阳，哪怕天气很冷。故选D。 （2）考查词义猜测。根据第五段中的“If youre gett
39、ing enough sun, your emotions should remain relatively stable, the researchers found. But as the amount of sunlight in the day is reduced, levels of emotional pain can soar.”如果你获得足够的阳光，你的情绪应该会保持相对地稳定。可以推知，当光照量减少的时候，人们的情绪就不会那么稳定，痛苦情绪就会增加。故选A。 （3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“It finds that sunlight exposure is by fa
40、r the greatest weather-related factor determining mental health outcomes. In other words: more sunshine, more happiness.”研究发现，阳光照射是影响心理健康结果最重要的天气因素。换句话说：阳光越多，越快乐。故选C。 （4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“People tend to associate rainy days, pollution, and other meteorological phenomena with sadness or depression, but
41、 we did not find that”人们倾向于将雨天、污染和其他气象现象与悲伤或抑郁联系起来，但我们的研究没有发现这一点。可知，BYU的研究结果和大众的看法不一致。故选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。4阅读理解 Michele Gentile, an Italian bookseller, is offering free books to children in exchange for plastic bottles to recycle.
42、Michele owns Ex Libris Cafe in Polla, a small town in southern Italy. He said he thought of the recycling program because he wanted to inspire children in the small town to read and pay attention to the environment. My goal is t0 spread the passion and love for books among those people in Italy who
43、do not usually read while at the time helping the environment, Gentile explained. The idea for the initiative (倡议) came after Gentile collaborated with a nearby middle school on an aluminum recycling project. Working together, the schoolchildren and Gentile collected enough cans to purchase books fo
44、r an entire classroom. His new program too off from there and has already spread into northern Italy: Gentiles hopes his work will continue to make headlines and become a worldwide initiative. The free books come from customers in Gentiles shop who have donated money to purchase a suspended book. Th
45、e idea comes from a World War II practice in which customers would buy two Coffees: one for themselves and another for the next person in line. Gentile has been using the extra books as part of his recycling initiative, While Gentiles program is a great way to recycle and get kids to read, it also b
46、rings awareness to the growing problem of plastic waste. Single-use plastics make up around 26 percent of all the plastics in the world, only 14 percent of which are recycled. Plastics that end up in landfills take around 500 years to decompose (分解), is a major concern for environmentalists. Cutting
47、 down on plastic waste is important if we want to better the environment for future generations, and recycling programs like Gentiles book giveaway are a great way to meet that goal.（1）What is the purpose of Gentiles book giveaway? A.To sell more coffee and books.B.To attract more customers.C.To collect money for a new project.D.To inspire reading and recycling.（2）How did Genti
