1、Photometry&Lighting TechnologyMain content?Photometry basic notionsPhotometric regulationsPhotometric solutionsLight sourcesLighting technologiesAutolamp appearancePhotometry Basic NotionsPhotometry notions?Solid Angle 立体角立体角?Luminous Flux 光通量光通量?Illuminance 照度照度?Luminous intensity 发光强度发光强度?Photomet
2、ry notions?Solid angle 立体角 球面上某块面积对球心形成的角称为立体角。立体角的单位为Sr。整个圆球面对应的立体角为整个圆球面对应的立体角为4。Photometry notions?Luminous flux光通量,光源在单位时间内向周围空间辐射并引起视觉的能量，称为光通量.单位lmPhotometry notions?Illuminance 照度,是用来表示被照面(点)上光的强弱。投射到被照面上的光通量与被照面的面积之比称为该面的照度，单位lx。Photometry notions?Luminous intensity 光源在空间某一特定方向上单位立体角内辐射的光通量，
3、称为光源在该方向上的发光强度，单位cd.Photometry notions?To remind?Solid angle(sr)=Portion of surface limited by a Solid angle(sr)=Portion of surface limited by a cone.cone.表面对球心的张角。表面对球心的张角。?Luminous flux(lm)=Total amount of light Luminous flux(lm)=Total amount of light emitted by a light source.emitted by a light s
4、ource.发光体发出的光线数量。发光体发出的光线数量。Illuminance(lx)=Amount of light received by a Illuminance(lx)=Amount of light received by a given surface.given surface.被照面接受光通量的密度，用来鉴定被被照面接受光通量的密度，用来鉴定被照面的照明。照面的照明。Luminous intensity(cd)=Amount of light coming Luminous intensity(cd)=Amount of light coming out of the bul
5、b in a given direction.out of the bulb in a given direction.发光体在某个发光体在某个方向上发出的光通量密度，表明了光通量的空间分布。方向上发出的光通量密度，表明了光通量的空间分布。?Photometric RegulationsREGULATIONS中华人民共和国国家标准中华人民共和国国家标准GB 11564GB 4599GB 4785GB 5920GB 17509GB 15235GB 7258GB 11554GB 4660GB 15766外部照明和信号装置的安装规定外部照明和信号装置的安装规定前照灯配光性能前照灯配光性能机动车回复反
6、射器机动车回复反射器倒车灯配光性能倒车灯配光性能转向信号灯配光性能转向信号灯配光性能前位灯后位灯示廓灯和制动灯配光前位灯后位灯示廓灯和制动灯配光前雾灯配光性能前雾灯配光性能性能性能后雾灯配光性能后雾灯配光性能机动车运行安全技术条件机动车运行安全技术条件道路机动车辆灯泡尺寸、光电性能要求道路机动车辆灯泡尺寸、光电性能要求REGULATIONSGB 11564GB 4599GB 4785GB 5920GB 17509GB 15235中华人民共和国国家标准中华人民共和国国家标准外部照明和信号装置的安装规定外部照明和信号装置的安装规定前照灯配光性能前照灯配光性能机动车回复反射器机动车回复反射器倒车灯配
7、光性能倒车灯配光性能转向信号灯配光性能转向信号灯配光性能前位灯后位灯示廓灯和制动灯配光前位灯后位灯示廓灯和制动灯配光性能性能前雾灯配光性能前雾灯配光性能后雾灯配光性能后雾灯配光性能机动车运行安全技术条件机动车运行安全技术条件GB 7258GB 11554GB 4660GB 15766道路机动车辆灯泡尺寸、光电性能要求道路机动车辆灯泡尺寸、光电性能要求REGULATIONSECE RegulationsR37R98R48R19R7R112R99R6Setup on the carHID bulbs for low and high beamFilament bulbsHalogen low an
8、d high beamsPO(AV/AR),STOPFog lamp beamHID bulbsID(AV/AR/SIDE)REGULATIONSR37ECE RegulationsSetup on the carR98R48R19R7R112R99R6Halogen low and high beamsPO(AV/AR),STOPFog lamp beamHID bulbsID(AV/AR/SIDE)HID bulbs for low and high beamNon sealed bulbs?R112-Low beamAiming 照准照准:The cut-off allows the l
9、ow beam correct aiming.It should not overpass either the broken line HV-H1-H4,or the HV-H3 lineFor a RH driving beam,the horizontal cutoff should be placed to the left side of HV and 1%downwards(+/-1 horizontal discrepancy is allowed)Measurement conditions:Measurements must be carried out with a sta
10、ndard bulbThe current must be established in order to assure the bulb nominal flux,according to regulation(cf.R37)P1P2V(%)P345P4P5P6H315B 50LH1H2H4HVH(%)P7P875L75RH(%)50L50V50R25L25RV(%)CLASS ACLASSBV(%)H(%)V()H()Emin EmaxEminEmaxB50L 1%-6%0,57-3,420,4Lx0,4Lx75R-1%2%-0,571,146 Lx12Lx75L-1%-6%-0,57-3
11、.4212Lx12Lx50R-1,5%3%-0,861,7115Lx12lx50L-1,5%-6%-0,86-3,426 Lx15lx50V-1,5%0%-0,86 06Lx25L-3%-15,8%-1,71-9 1,5Lx2Lx25R-3%15,8%-1,71 9 1,5Lx2LxHV 0%0%0 00,7Lx0,7LxZIIIR0,7Lx0,7LxZIIIL0,7LxZ42Lx0,7Lx3 LxZ120 Lx2*50RP1 7%-14%4-80,7Lx0,7LxP2 7%0%40 0,3Lx0,7Lx 0,3Lx 0,7LxP3 7%14%480,7Lx0,7LxP4 3,5%-7%2-4
12、0,7Lx0,7LxP5 3,5%0%20 0,6Lx0,7Lx 0,6Lx 0,7LxP6 3,5%7%240,7Lx0,7LxP70%-14%0-8 0,1Lx0,7Lx0,7LxP80%-7%0-40,2Lx 0,7Lx0,7LxZIIIR Zone between H=0%,V=0%et H=15,8%,V=4,2%ZIIIL:Zone between H=-15,8%,V=0%et H=0%,V=0%Zone 3 3 LXZone 1 12 lx?50R:Point located at 50m on the right side on the level of the ground
13、.12 lx?B50L:Point located at 50m on the trajectory of the eye of the driver coming from opposite direction.2 lx?HC:In LB,it is a point of dazzling(E0.7 Lx)located in the axis of the lamp.0.8EmaxR112-High beamAimingFor a mixed headlamp,the high beam will be aimed as it follows the low beam aimingIf t
14、he high beam alone should be aimed,the maximum high beam illuminance should be placed at the HV point.If the high beam is composed by many sources,all of them must be turned on simultaneously for the determination of the high beam maximum illumination point.Photometric requirements:CLASS AV(%)EMAXHR
15、1R1L2R2L0%0%0%0%0%H(%)MinMAX16*75R32 Lx240Lx0,8*16*75R0%240LxEMAX16*75R4,5%16 Lx240Lx16*75R-4,5%16 Lx240Lx16*75R9%4 Lx240Lx16*75R-9%4 Lx240LxCLASS BMin48 Lx0,8*EMAXMAX16*75R240Lx16*75R240Lx16*75R240Lx16*75R240Lx16*75R240Lx16*75R240Lx2L1LHV1R2R24 Lx24 Lx6 Lx6 Lx?R98 HID Low BeamP1V(%)P2P3Inside this
16、zone E1 LuxH2P4P5CH(%)P7A25L315LEV(%)25L2P8B50L75L50L25L150VH3P6DH475R50R25R150 L 0%H 3%H0H0,71?R98 HID High BeamAiming:For a mixed headlamp,the high beam will be aimed as it follows the low beam aimingIf the high beam alone should be aimed,the maximum high beam illuminance should be placed at the H
17、V point.Many differences may compose the high beam,provided that they are mentioned in the R37 and/or R99 regulations.In that case,all the sources should be turned on when determining the high beam maximum illuminance point(HR)Photometric requirements:V(%)EMAXHR1R1L0%0%0%4,5%H(%)MinMAX70Lx0,8*EMAX18
18、0Lx180Lx180Lx180Lx180Lx180Lx2L1LHV1R2R40 Lx0%0%0%-4,5%40 Lx9%-9%2R2L10 Lx10 Lx?R19 Front Fog lampMeasurement conditions:Regulation by zones(official)Zone A:0,15 E 1 LXZone B:E 1 LXZone C:E 0,5 LXZone D:Emin=1,5LXZone E:Emin=0,5LXMeasurement must be performed with a standard bulb.Input tension should
19、 be tuned in order to assure that the output nominal flux corresponds to the one specified to the bulb(cf.R37)For every vertical line of zones E et D at least one point should present an illuminance value above Emin.V(%)Regulation by points(non official)P1P2P3P4P5P6P7P8P9P10P11P12P13P14P15P16P17P18P
20、19P20P21V(%)0%6%3%0%0%3%6%6%0%0%3%-3%-6%-6%-3%-3%-6%-6%-3%-3%-6%10%P2H(%)P7P3P6 P11P8P1P12P13P15P14HVP4P5P10P16P17V(%)P19P18P20P2150%P9H(%)H(%)V()H()EminEmax1Lx-50%0-26,50,5Lx-50%3,44-26,51Lx-9%1,72-5,150,15Lx1Lx-9%0-5,150%000,15Lx1Lx0%1,7201Lx0,5Lx0%3,44 00,5Lx50%3,44 26,51Lx50%0 26,50,15Lx9%0 5,15
21、1Lx9%-1,725,151Lx-40%-1,72-21,8 0,5Lx-40%-3,44-21,8 0,5Lx-18%-3,44-10,21,5Lx-18%-1,72-10,2 1,5Lx0%-1,7201,5Lx0%-3,4401,5Lx18%-3,44 10,2 1,5Lx18%-1,72 10,2 1,5Lx40%-1,72 21,80,5Lx40%-3,44 21,80,5LxThe photometric grid for signaling 配光分布配光分布Europe?USH+/-20H+/-20H+/-20H+/-10JapanH+/-20H+/-20H+/-20H+/-1
22、0TAILSTOPTURN FOGH+/-20H+/-20H+/-20H+/-10REVERSEHMSLH+/-45H+/-10H+/-45H+/-10H+/-45H+/-10The color for signalingEurope?USRedRedAmber/RedRedWhiteJapanRedRedAmberRedWhiteTAILSTOPTURN FOGREVERSERedRedAmberRedWhiteHMSLRedRedRedPhotometryTail Lamp8020ext.15 haut 0.05100.450.0500.451015 bas 0.05451050510 2
23、0int.0.050.050.80.80.82.80.80.41.43.643.61.40.050.82.80.80.40.80.80.050.05Feu simple/Single lamp I maxi?12cdEnsemble de plusieurs feux/Assembly of several lamps I maxi?17cdFeu marqu?D?(aile+coffre)/Lamps marked?D?(fender+outer)I maxi?8,5 cd PhotometryStop Lamp45ext.0.345int.0.3201051200.3512102015 h
24、aut105051015 bas60.360.312211254124260420.3541212211260.360.3Feu simple/Single lamp I maxi?185cdEnsemble de plusieurs feux/Assembly of several lamps I maxi?260cdFeu marqu?D?(1 aile+1 coffre)/Lamps marked?D?(fender+outer)I maxi?130 cd PhotometryFog Lamp10ext.5haut50150510 int.750150755 bas15015075150
25、75I maxi?300cdPhotometryReverse45 ext.30101001525808010102050503045 int.10haut505 bas15151525252050501525251515Horizontal et plus haut/Horizontal and upperEntre 0 et-5 /Between 0 and-5En dessous de 5 /Behind 5 I maxi?300cd I maxi?600cd I maxi?8000 cd PhotometryTurn indicator15 haut105051015 bas80201
26、0ext.0.350.350.31017.510510451005100.33550350.3451020int.0.31017.51050.350.34510I maxi?350cdGB7258 Amendment 1?关于关于GB 7258-2004GB 7258-2004?机动车运行安全技术条件机动车运行安全技术条件?国家标准第国家标准第1 1号修改通知单号修改通知单,经国家标准化管理委员会批准已正式发布经国家标准化管理委员会批准已正式发布,于于20062006年年1111月月1 1日起实施。日起实施。?修改内容如下修改内容如下:?一、删除第一、删除第8.4.38.4.3条条(前照灯的远
27、、近光灯上下并列设置时前照灯的远、近光灯上下并列设置时,近光灯应位于上侧近光灯应位于上侧,其它情况下近光灯应位于外侧其它情况下近光灯应位于外侧)的内容。的内容。?二、第二、第8.4.7.38.4.7.3条中的条中的“在检验前照灯远光光束及远光单在检验前照灯远光光束及远光单光束灯照射位置时光束灯照射位置时”改为改为:“在检验前照灯远光照射位置在检验前照灯远光照射位置时时,对于能单独调整远光光束的前照灯对于能单独调整远光光束的前照灯”。GB4599 Update?本标准代替GB 4599-94汽车前照灯配光性能，与前者相比主要变化如下：?增加了HS1、HB3、HB4、H7、H8、H9、H11、HI
28、R1和HIR2类型灯泡；?半封闭式前照灯应使用符合GB 15766.1或ECE R37规定的灯丝灯泡?对于半封闭式前照灯，近光暗区增加了八个测试点；?增加弯道照明的内容?增加了反射镜可调节的半封闭式前照灯配光性能试验方法；?增加了附录A“前照灯的配光性能稳定性试验”；?增加了附录B“塑料配光镜前照灯的要求配光镜或材料试样和整灯试验”；?增加了附录C“试验程序”；?增加了附录D“漫射光和透射光的测量方法”；?增加了附录E“机械磨损试验方法”；?增加了附录F“粘胶带附着力试验”；Lighting FunctionLighting technologies-ParabolaTHE PARABOLIC
29、 REFLECTORHIGH BEAMLOW BEAMLighting technologies-Parabola?Light shield?bulb+parabolic reflector+glass with flutesThe cutoff is provided bythe light shieldH4 bulbEnergy loss!The horizontal spread is made by the glass flutesHeavy and complex glasses!Lighting technologies-SCTHE COMPLEX SHAPE REFLECTORL
30、ighting technologies-SCPEUGEOT 607NISSAN ALMERAOPEL VECTRAGOLF A4Lighting technologies-EllipticalCutoff made bythe shieldTHE DEFECTSTWISTING ON COMPLEX SURFACE 扭曲扭曲DEFECTREFLECTORASSEMBLEDHEADLAMPTHE DEFECTSREFERENCE RIB HEIGHTDEFECTREFLECTORASSEMBLEDHEADLAMPTHE DEFECTSLATCHING POSITIONDEFECTDEFECTR
31、EFLECTORREFLECTORASSEMBLEDASSEMBLEDHEADLAMPHEADLAMPTHE DEFECTSBULB TOPPLINGDEFECTREFLECTORASSEMBLEDHEADLAMPTHE DEFECTSSHRINK MARK 收缩痕收缩痕DEFECTASSEMBLEDREFLECTORHEADLAMPTHE DEFECTSBLISTER 气泡气泡DEFECTREFLECTORASSEMBLEDHEADLAMPSignaling FunctionsSignaling technologies-Fish eyes aspectSignaling technolog
32、ies-Fish eyes aspectSignaling technologies-Depth aspectSignaling technologies-Depth aspectSignaling technologies-Clear lens aspectSignaling technologies-Clear lens aspectSignaling technologies-Dioptric aspectSignaling technologies-Dioptric aspectLight sourcesThe different light sourcesBulb Tungsten
33、FilamentHigh Intensity Discharge(HID)bulb or“Xenon”Different light sources:LEDThe different light sources-Halogen?Halogen cycleBulbs for signal lamps in ECE R37TYPESP21WP21/5WR10WW5WW16WP27WPY27WWY21WSocketBA15sBA15dBA15sW2,5 x 9,5dW2,1 x 9,5dW2,5 x 16dW3 x 16dFlux(Lm)460440/3512550310475280TYPESPY2
34、1WR5WC5WWY5WW2,3WP27/7WW21WW21/5WSocketBAU15sBA15sNavetteW2,5 x 9,5dW2 x 4,6 dW2,5 x 16qW3 x 16dW3 x 16qFlux(Lm)28050453018,6475/36460460/35350105/812WX2,5 x16q280/21WP21WRY10WW2,5 x 16dBAU 15s46075WPY21WP19WPR21/5WRR5WWZ2,5 x 16d280P24WPR21WRR10W50011030Bulbs for headlamps in ECE R37TYPESH1H4HB3HB4
35、H7H8H9H10H11H12H13H14SocketTP14.5 sP43 tP20 dP22 dPX26 dPGJ19-1PGJ19-5PY20dPGJ19-2PZ20dPJ264tP38t-33FLUX(Lm)11501250/7501300825110060015006001000775800/1200860/1300TYPESSocketFLUX(Lm)The different light sources-HID?High Intensity Discharge CycleThe different switching on phasesFlux variation2.6 AThe
36、 different light sources-HID?Comparative chart Flux(Lm at 13,2V)e(mm)Bending Diffusion Length from bulb support(mm)Electric power(W 13,2v)R99 B3/Tc 14v D1/D2 S 3200 27.1 0.5+/-0.4 1.1+/-0.4 52 35 Oui D1/D2 R 2800 27.1 0.5+/-0.25 1.1+/-0.25 52 35 Oui H7 1500 25+-0,1 44 58 Oui 150/260 D3/D4 S Non D3/D
37、4 R Non 1500/3000 1500/3000 The different light sources-HID?High Intensity Discharge1 What are Light Emitting Diode-RemindMain automotive LEDsLUMILEDs?FluxRed color15 lm?Dragon LEDs1 What are Light Emitting Diode-RemindSecondary automotive LEDsFlux?OSRAM?Chip on Board(Sanyo)lm 2 Multi LEDs?Side LEDs
38、?Smart LEDsLight TechnologyLIGHTING SYSTEMSLighting P2 projectsXenon Range AFSVertical Complex Shape?Compact productBI-XENON PROJECTOR?CharacteristicsCompatible EUR/USA/JAPANMovement of the shieldElliptic ReflectorSafety Position by actuator spring returnHigh beam positionLow beam position?In produc
39、tion todayBI-XENON REFLECTOR Shade Moving TypeLow-Cost&Small Size UnitReflector Moving TypeHigh Photometric PerformanceDBL BENDING LIGHT Dynamic rotative BL?CharacteristicsSensor?Steering wheel?Speed?Lane departure warning?Targets:Increase light on the curves when turning?End of validation:July 2002
40、?Regulations:forecasted 2005,full AFS Derogation Request:under study,scheduled end 2003 Dynamic rotative:adaptable for projector or reflector Rotation(up to 20)driven by steering wheel angle sensor?Main rotative BL up to 20SBL?BENDING LIGHT Swiveling a Separated reflector BL?Targets:Improvement of v
41、isibility on the corner at the medium&lower speed&at intersectionsEnd of validation 2002 Compatible US/EU/JAPANCharacteristics:Variable light distribution by movable sub-reflector(30o max.to forward direction)Variable light distribution at intersections(Spread beam pattern over the left and right)Sm
42、all size adjustable for minor change?LIGHTING SYSTEMS Signaling P2 projectsLED rear lampDioptric rear lamp3D rear lampLinear rear lampINNOVATION FOR REAR LAMPSLED REAR LAMPSTYLINGVISIBLE LEDSPOLKA-DOTHOMOGENEOUS STYLELIGHT GUIDETECHNOLOGYREFLECTORDIOPTRICFRESNELGUIDE4 OPTICAL SYSTEMSINNOVATION FOR R
43、EAR LAMPSLED REAR LAMPSTYLINGFRUITLIGHT GUIDEVISIBLE LEDSSUPER THINTECHNOLOGYREFLECTORGUIDEGUIDE&REFLECTORREFLECTOR4 OPTICAL SYSTEMSMono-LED Rear Combination Lamp?Reduced lamp depth for easy vehicle integration?All functions in LED?Lower power consumption and materials?One LED per function achieved with new high power LEDs?No need to change LED source for car lifeLamp AppearanceDESIGN PROPOSALSVertical technologyDynamic Bending LightCompact technologyDESIGN PROPOSALSLED technologyDESIGN PROPOSALS Complex ShapeLED technolog3D ytechnologyThank you?
