1、山东省烟台市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末学业水平诊断英语试题学校:_姓名：_班级：_考号：_一、阅读理解With so much history packed in Washington, DCthe United States capital city, you can learn about the birth of the nation and many notable people who helped shape it to what it is today. Lets enjoy four of its landmarks for an unforgettable geta
2、way.Washington Monument (纪念碑)The Washington Monument was built in 1884 to honor the first president of the United States. At the base, there are fifty American flags that fly in a circle surrounding the monument. You can also get tickets to ride a lift to the top of the monument and look out at the
3、historical city from above!Lincoln Memorial (纪念馆)A main stop on everyones trip to DC is a stop at the Lincoln Memorial. The memorial was built to honor the 16th president of the United States, Abraham Lincoln. The memorial finished Romanesque construction in 1920 and has been a major tourist attract
4、ion ever since. It is open 24 hours a day.Jefferson MemorialCompleted in 1947, the Jefferson Memorial honors and memorializes the third president of the United States, Thomas Jefferson. The building features marble steps and a shallow round roof with a 19-foot sculpture of President Thomas Jefferson
5、 in the center.White HouseKnown as the workplace for the president of the United States since 1800, the White House features beautiful architecture (建筑) with Roman style influences. Many tourists to the area walk along its outside gates, hoping to see the present president.1Where can tourists enjoy
6、a bird view of the capital city of America?AAt the Washington Monument.BAt the Lincoln Memorial.CAt the Jefferson Memorial.DAt the White House.2What do the Lincoln Memorial and the White House have in common?AThey honor famous figures in history.BThey have the same architectural style.CThey are open
7、 to visitors the whole day.DThey offer interaction with the president.3What is the purpose of the text?ATo introduce a travel plan.BTo recall the American history.CTo recommend excellent exhibits.DTo draw visitors to the attractions.Born in 1887 in a Russian-Jewish town, Chagall started painting at
8、the age of 19. Disappointed with the colors of traditional Russian art, he loved to paint with strong blues, reds and yellows.So in 1911, he moved to Paris, France, where artists from around the world were creating novel art forms and he acquired fresh ways of painting eagerly. He stayed true to his
9、 childhood memories. While others chose modern subjects, he painted scenes of fantasy based on an older, farmer-like way of life. Blue dogs, yellow skies and red trees were all creations of his imagination.Chagall went through two world wars and personal sufferings. In 1941, because his family were
10、Jewish, the Chagalls had to leave France to escape the Nazis during World War . In 1944 came another blow. Chagalls beloved wife Bella died of an illness. Despite the hardships, his passion for painting never faded. In the 1950s, he returned to France and continued to make his dreamlike paintings.On
11、e day, during a walk in a village, he discovered a 700-year-old church (教堂), where he saw a stained-glass (彩色玻璃) window that contained a green horse. It looked as if Chagall might have created it himself. Here was a sure sign, he thought, that he should create his own stained-glass windows.Then Chag
12、all devoted all his energy and time to the work. As we know, many stained-glass windows are made of flat colors, but Chagall used various techniques to create the effects he wanted. He made flexible use of bright colors, putting light into the works. He painted images on glass, then had them fired t
13、o high temperatures, making the lines and colors part of the glass.Chagall created the stained-glass windows for churches and other buildings around the world until his death in 1985. He gave them as gifts to the world and often refused payment. Today, people are still amazed at how his stained-glas
14、s creations shine and change with the sun.4Why did Chagall choose to go to Paris?ATo learn new painting skills.BTo publicize his new ideas about art.CTo experience the colorful local life.DTo participate in modern art exhibitions.5What led Chagall to design stained-glass windows?ADesire to let in mo
15、re sunlight.BIntention to improve the quality of glass.CEncouragement from some famous artists.DInspiration from an ancient church window.6What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about?AChagalls working attitude.BThe images Chagall created.CChagalls artistic experiences.DThe features of Chagalls works.7Wh
16、ich of the following can best describe Chagall as an artist?AImaginative and honest.BGenerous and easy-going.CCreative and strong-willed.DEnergetic and traditional.Sharks are among the best swimmers on the planet, but a new research suggests that even they sometimes “hold their breath” while diving
17、deep underwater. The reason is that sharks are cold-blooded and their body temperature matches the waters they swim in. To do deep dives, they must maintain body heat, and the best way to do that is to close their gills (鳃).Royer, a leading researcher at the University of Hawaii, set out to study th
18、e diving habits of hammerheads sharks. Theyre known for swimming in warmer coastal waters, but earlier studies showed they can also dive to over 800 meters below the surface. At those cold depths, the water temperature falls to as low as 5.For these sharks, the fall in temperature is a matter of lif
19、e and death. Because a shark cant produce its own body heat, it begins to freeze the deeper it goes. Its muscles, eyes and brain become sluggish (迟钝). If it gets too cold, it cant swim. And if it stops swimming, water doesnt go across its gills. It cant breathe and will eventually drown (溺亡).How is
20、it that hammerheads are able to go down into these deep depths and survive? To find out, Royer and his colleagues caught the fish and attached an electronic sensor to each shark. The sensor would release itself from the sharks body after several weeks. The data they found amazed them: The sharks div
21、ed, spent just a few minutes at depths and then they shot towards the surface. They closed their gills and kept water out of their gills so that their body wouldnt cool down.“Unlike animals with lungs, the sharks dont return to the surface to breathe. Instead, they simply go to a depth where its war
22、m enough for them to feel comfortable and reopen their gills. Hammerheads are probably not the only species doing so. Our work is another example of how new electronic sensors help to explain the extraordinary ability of these animals across 400 million years of changing ocean environments,” Royer s
23、aid.8What does the new research focus on concerning the sharks?ATheir hunting habits.BTheir basic types.CTheir special behaviors.DTheir body structures.9What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 1 refer to?AKeeping body heat.BHolding their breath.CSwimming on the surface.DDiving deep in the
24、sea.10What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about hammerheads sharks?AHow their gills work in the sea.BHow the temperature drop affects them.CWhy they can survive the terrible environment.DWhy they can protect themselves from the cold.11What can we know from Royers words?AHammerheads depend on their
25、lungs to breathe.BThe diving strategy may not be unique to hammerheads.CIts hard for hammerheads to adapt to the cold conditions.DIts common for hammerheads to stay long at great depths.Scientists have created a new tool that can turn peoples thoughts into words. It works by using an Artificial Inte
26、lligence (AI) program to translate brain activity into words. The scientists say the program could help people who cannot speak because of damage to the brain.Alexander Huth, a team leader of the scientists, says, “Were engaged in the study and are looking forward to the benefits the study can bring
27、 to people.”The study involves two main parts. The first is a scanner (扫描仪) that allows the scientists to record brain activity. The second is an AI system that the researchers train to turn videos of brain activity into words.To record brain activity without surgery (外科手术), Alexander and his team u
28、sed a big machine called FMRI, which uses strong radio waves to create pictures showing which parts of the brain are active. FMRI can record the activity of the brain as it happens. To translate these recordings into words, they used an AI tool called “GPT-1”. It guesses which word is most likely to
29、 come next, based on the facts and details that came before.The researchers first trained GPT-1 on lots of stories people had told about their lives. Next, they trained it to make connections between brain scans and spoken words. Then a test was done on three human volunteers to see whether the AI t
30、ool really worked. Each person spent sixteen hours in FMRI listening to stories. The people imagined the stories as they heard them, and FMRI recorded their brain activity. GPT-1 then used these recordings of brain activity to make connections between the words and ideas in the stories and the brain
31、 activity of the listeners.Alexander found the words GPT-1 guessed were very similar to the words in the story that the people were listening to. Although the words werent exactly the same, they often carried the same meaning.Alexander says that GPT-I is the first AI program to tum what people are t
32、hinking into words without brain surgery. The program isnt something that can be easily used today, mainly because of the size and cost of FMRI.12Who is the AI program targeted at?AHealth experts studying human brains.BVolunteers performing medical service.CDoctors in need of advanced equipment.DSpe
33、ech-disabled patients with brain injury.13On what basis does GPT-1 translate brain activity into words?APreviously gained information.BProcessed radio waves.CInstructions from the scientists.DVideos of brain surgery.14For what purpose was the test carried out?ATo improve the function of FMRI.BTo con
34、firm the weaknesses of the scanner.CTo check the effectiveness of the AI system.DTo measure the volunteers memory abilities.15What can be the best title of the text?AFMRI: A Powerful Device to Cure Brain Illness.BFMRI Has Been Used and Won Public Recognition.CScientists Are Training AI to Read Human
35、 Thoughts.DAlexander: An Expert Devoted to Developing AI Language.二、七选五Turn FOMO into JOMOIts weekend. You friends are throwing a party while you stay in. Then suddenly you begin to imagine the fun your friends are having in your absence. 16 You cant help turning to social media to find out. If so,
36、chances are that you are suffering FOMO the fear of missing out. You have a great desire to stay connected with what others are doing. 17 They dont feel the need to attend everything. Instead, they find comfort in sticking to their own plans. They focus not on what they lack but on what they have. R
37、ather than feeling FOMO, such people enjoy JOMO the joy of missing out. JOMO is the emotionally intelligent solution to FOMO. And it is the secret to finding happiness. Then how can we turn FOMO into JOMO?Enjoy your own company (陪伴). 18 It means abandoning (放弃) the need to catch up, keep up and meas
38、ure up in exchange for a chance to engage in your own life. Watching movies, getting a workout or taking up a new hobby are all fun ways to spend your time.Keep a journal. If you always post the fun things you do on social media, you may find yourself caring too much about whether people are validat
39、ing (确认) your experiences online. To make a change, you might as well keep a personal journal on paper. 19 And this can also help keep your secrets to yourself.Switch off. We usually keep our devices on in case someone needs to reach us. But when your minds are always on your phone, you simply canno
40、t be present. You are very likely to be distracted and unaware of what matters to you. So try to reduce your screen time and live in the moment. 20 ABut some people feel the opposite.BFOMO signals a lack of engagement.CAnd your initial calm turns into anxiety.DJOMO is the enjoyment of time spent alo
41、ne.EYou will find you are actually not missing out on anything.FFeeling left out indicates we want to increase our sense of belonging.GThus you can turn your focus from public attention to private appreciation.三、完形填空Despite their lack of long-time attention, children do hear the words and watch the
42、actions of the adults around them. In other words, adults are major 21 on children. For one elderly woman, thankfully, this is the case.It was a mid-January afternoon and school was over. As usual, 70-year-old Patricia 22 her grandchild, 7-year-old Mariah, from school.However, when they arrived at M
43、ariahs home, things took a terrible 23 . Once the car was in the driveway, Patricia 24 it. Patricia thought the car was in park but it was actually in reverse (倒挡). The car then continued to roll 25 . Patricia attempted 26 to stop it. However, she fell and her leg got 27 under the front tire (轮胎) on
44、 the drivers side.Mariah, who was still in the car at the time, sprang into 28 . She quickly 29 the key out after watching her mother and other adults often do so. What Mariah did successfully stopped the car from moving further.The next moment, Mariah 30 up to her house and rang the doorbell 31 . M
45、ariahs mother, Porchia, was shocked at the 32 and called 911 immediately. It was Mariahs 33 move that allowed her grandma to free her leg from under the car. Fortunately, Patricia was not seriously 34 . Days after the 35 incident (事件), Patricia recovered and left the hospital.21AchallengesBinfluence
46、sCcommentsDconcerns22Apicked upBlooked afterChelped outDsent for23AchanceBstartCeffectDturn24AlockedBadjustedCexitedDapproached25AoutsideBbackwardCsidewaysDaround26Ain panicBwith careCby accidentDon purpose27AbrokenBlostCstuckDseparated28AtouchBlifeCinterestDaction29AknockedBpulledCdirectedDlifted30
47、AwalkedBjumpedCclimbedDraced31AanxiouslyBactivelyCrudelyDcalmly32AadventureBemergencyCinteractionDatmosphere33Awell-behavedBhard-wonCquick-thinkingDeye-catching34AinjuredBimpactedCthreatenedDweakened35AcruelBharmfulCscaryDembarrassing四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Located in Wuyuan County, Jiangxi Province, 36 old Huizhou-style house is now known for its elegant cross-cultural design with a British garden, a fireplace and a bar counter.The hou
