1、Discover Useful Discover Useful StructuresStructures Before Learning： 复习必修第一册 Unit 4 & Unit 5 Structrues 部分 Restrictive Relative Clause They tested hundreds of Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against the disease. Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize, which is considered
2、one of the highest international honours a person can receive. Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered. Read the following sentences and underline the relative clauses. The name the
3、 two types of clauses and state their functions. Restrictive Relative Clause 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和它的先行项的 所指意义有着不可分割的联系， 缺少了它，作为先行词的名词 （词组）便不能明确表示其所指 对象。 Non-Restrictive Relative Clause 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和它的先行词 之间联系比较松散，它不是先行 词不可缺少的部分，只是提供一 些补充说明。如果省略了一个非 限制性关系从句，并不影响先行 词的所指意义。 The Chairman, who spoke first,
4、 sat on my right. 主席先生最先发言，他坐在我的右边。 His speech, which bored everyone, went on and on. 他演讲起来滔滔不绝，把大家都弄烦了。 The sailors daughter, whose name is Ann, gave me a patient smile. 那个水手的女儿耐心地冲着我微笑，她的名字叫安。 非限制性定语从句的基本用法非限制性定语从句的基本用法 关系副词where和when也能引导非 限制性关系分句 如前所述，非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和它 的先行项之间只有比较松散的关系。 在口语中有停顿，在
5、书写中常用逗 号隔开。 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句的引导词通常是 who, whom,whose和which等wh-词, 不用that和why来引导非限制性定 语从句。如果表疑问，要用for which来替代why引导从句。 Tom came to the party in patched jeans, which surprised the other guests for they were all wearing evening suits. 汤姆穿着打补丁的牛仔裤来到了宴会，这把其他客人都惊到了，因 为他们穿的都是晚礼服。 Many of our Irish people are
6、 going to settle in America, where land is cheap. 我们爱尔兰人中，有许多都要迁居美国了，那里土地价格低廉。 Im seeing the manager tomorrow, when he will be back from New York. 明天我要去见经理，到时候他就从纽约回来了。 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 引引 导导 词词 的的 作作 用用 作 作 作 作 作 作 作 作 Aspect Restrictive Relative Clause Non-restrictive Relative Claus
7、e 形式上 主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中使用 时也不停顿； 与主句之间通常有逗号隔开，口语中使用时有停 顿。 功能上 用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别， 如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清； 用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意 仍然清楚、完整。 翻译上 翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前,如： He is the student whose leg was broken. 他就是那个一只腿骨折了的学生。 从句与主句分开翻译，如： Ive invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。 含义上 I have a br
8、other who is a police. 我有一个当警察的哥哥。(哥哥不止一个) I have a brother，who is a police. 我有个哥哥，他是个警察。(只有一个哥哥) 先行词 只能是名词或代词 可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子 引导词 that, why, which, who, whom, whose 有时可以省略 that（极少见）which, who, whom, whose 一律不省略 两种定语从句的区别两种定语从句的区别 5. which 引导非限制定语从句，指代整 个主句的内容，从句只能置于句尾。 6. which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代 主句中
9、的一个词（先行词）从句置于 先行词后，可在句中或句尾。 7. which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代 整个主句的内容，从句的谓语带有宾 语，有的还带宾语补足语。 8. which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代 整个主句的内容，从句意思可与主句 相反。 as 引导非限制性定语从句引导非限制性定语从句 与与which 的区别的区别 1. 用于非限制性定语从句时，可以 指代整个主句的内容，as 和which 可以换用。 2. as 引导非限制性定语从句，指代 整个主句的内容，从句可置于句首， 句中和句尾。 3. 非限制性定语从句中谓语为被动 时，常用as 作主语。 as is said/ known/
10、 announced/ reported/ mentioned/ expected/ disused等。 4. as引导非限制性定语从句，有 “正如”的含义，如下列句式： as has been said above, as anybody can see, as we had expected, as (it) appears He left her, as/ which was strange. As everyone knows, Tom is good at English. As is known to all, Taiwan is part of China. Things are
11、 not always as they appear. The decision was postponed, which was exactly what he wanted. The football match, which I watched yesterday, is very interesting. Water changes into steam, which is known to be a physical change. He can write a letter in English, which I cannot. 1. 关系代词 whose，引导定语从句 时，既可指
12、人，又可指物，在从句 中只能作定语；of whom 只能指人； of which 只能指物，有时 whose 可 以与 of whom 和 of which 互换使用。 2. “介词 + whose +名词” 引导定 语从句。 3. 在下列情况下，一般只用 of whom 和 of which。 (1) 主语是 few, little, some, most, many, much等时，一般只用of whom 和of which。 (2) 主语是数词、形容词的最高级时， 一般只用of whom和of which。 (3) 主语是all, none, both, neither, each等不定
13、代词时，一般只用of whom和of which。 (4) 在定语从句中作表语的定语时， 一般只用of whom和of which。 whose, of whom与与of which的用法区别的用法区别 The girl whose hair is golden is from England. 头发金色的那个女孩是英国人。 The house whose doors are green is an office building. 门是绿色的那座房子是办公楼。 I love my motherland, for whose good future I will work hard. 我爱我的
14、祖国，为了她美好的未来我要努力工作。 (1)In the room are lots of people, many of whom I dont know. 房间里有很多人，很多人我不认识。 (2)The old man has three children, two of whom are college students and one of whom is a manager. 那个老人有三个小孩， 其中两个是大学生，另一个是经理。 (3)He planted two trees last year, both of which are growing well. 去年他栽了两棵树，这
15、两棵树都长得好。 (4)He has three brothers, of whom Li Lei is the youngest one. 它有三兄弟，李蕾是他们中最小的一个。 1. It is the third time that she has won the race, _ has surprised us all. A. that B. where C. which D. what 2. Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _, of course, made all the others upset.
16、A. who B. which C. what D. that 3. Maria has written two novels, both of _ have been made into television. A. which B. that C. them D. what 4. In our class there are 46 students, _ half wear glasses. A. in whom B. in them C. of whom D. of them 5. She showed the visitors around the museum, the constr
17、uction _ had taken more than three years. A. whom B. which C. them D. those 6. 100 is the temperature _ which water will boil. A. for B. at C. on D. of 7. I wish to thank Professor Smith, without _ help I would never have got this far. A. who B. whose C. whom D. which 8. Im afraid he is more of a ta
18、lker than a doer, which is _ he never finishes anything. A. that B. when C. where D. why 1 1. .考查非限制性定语从句的基考查非限制性定语从句的基 本用法本用法 2 2. .考查分离型非限制性定语从考查分离型非限制性定语从 句句 3 3. .考查具有同位关系的非限制考查具有同位关系的非限制 性定语从句性定语从句 4 4. .考查含有整体与部分关系的考查含有整体与部分关系的 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 5 5. .考查含所有关系的非限制性考查含所有关系的非限制性 定语从句定语从句 6 6. .考查考
19、查“介词介词+ +关系代词关系代词”引导引导 的非限制性定语从句的非限制性定语从句 7 7. .考查关系代词作定语的非限考查关系代词作定语的非限 制性定语从句制性定语从句 8 8. .考查非限制性定语从句与特考查非限制性定语从句与特 殊句式的结合殊句式的结合 答案：答案：CBACCBAC CBBDCBBD KEYS: 1.where 2.which 3.which 4.which 5.who 6.whose 7.when 8.where 1. It is very important for children to have a harmonious school, _ teachers tr
20、eat students like their own. 2. During the presidential campaign, Donald Trump repeatedly vowed to tear up the agreement of “The Paris Climate Accord”, _ he said was hurting American workers. 3. The meeting, _ was held in the park, was a great success. 4. All the books, _ have beautiful pictures in
21、them, were written by him. 5. Cecilia, _ took weight-loss pills, now realizes that health is inportant. 6. Cecilia, _ body is slim, still wants to lose some weight. 7. He will come to see me next July, _ he wont be so busy. 8. The school, _ I once studied, was built thirty years ago. 从从where, when,
22、which, who, whom, whose 中选择正确中选择正确的引导词填的引导词填 到横线中。到横线中。 注意： 1. 用which，when，where, whose，who，whom等引导 非限制性定语从句，用法及 差异与它们用在限制性定语 从句时相同； 2.非限制性定语从句的关系 代词 which，既可以指代前 面的某个名词，也可以指代 前面整个句子的内容； 3.当非限制性定语从句修饰 整个主句时，从句里的谓语 动词要用第三人称单数形式。 4.在非限制性定语从句中作 宾语的关系代词不能省略。 用非限制性定语从句改写以下各组句子。用非限制性定语从句改写以下各组句子。 Our guid
23、e was a Canadian. He was an excellent cook. Peter is now back in Paris. You met him in London. The boy studies very hard. His father is an engineer. I planted the apple trees three years ago. It has not borne any fruit. They went to London. They lived in London for six months. She said that the men
24、were thieves. This turned out to be true. Our guide, who was a Canadian, was an excellent cook. Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris. The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard. The apple tree, which I planted three years ago, has not borne any fruit. They went to London,
25、 where they lived for six months. She said that the men were thieves, which turned out to be true. KEYS 1.一般说来，非限制性定语从 句常可用and构成的并列句来替 换，它们的意义表达大致相同。 We bought her a birthday present, which she liked very much. = We bought her a birthday present, and she like it very much. （我们给她买了一个生日礼物， 她很喜欢这个礼物。） 2. 但如果必须用 and 构成的并 列句才能表达完整的意义或两 个分句无主次之分时，就不宜 用非限制性定语从句了。如： Use your head, and you will find a way. 动动脑筋，你就会想出办法。 Thank you!
