1、Unit 2 Thinking out of the box高中英语牛津译林版（高中英语牛津译林版（20202020）选修第三册）选修第三册1.What does the quote from Johann Wolfgang von Goethe mean?Daring ideas are like chessmen moved forward;they may be beaten,but they may start a winning game.Johann Wolfgang von GoetheThe quote is intended to encourage people to ac
2、tively be creative,and not to be afraid of difficulties or failures.These difficulties and failures will contribute to our final success.2.What qualities do you think creative people share?I think creative people are open-minded and curious about the world around them.They are also flexible and can
3、easily adapt to situations.They are not afraid to take risks and permit themselves to make mistakes.Also,they are independent in the way they think and do things.3.How can you apply creative thinking in your study?As students,we can apply creative thinking in our study by keeping an open mind,being
4、curious and engaging in exploration.In this way,thinking creatively would become a habit which could help us find creative solutions to study problems.ReadingIntroductionPara.1:Einsteins thought experiment played an important role in the development of his special theory of relativity.ConclusionPara
5、.4:Thought experiments have contributed to the development of scientific theories.Para.6:Para.2:Para.3:1.Read the website article and finish A1 on Page 18.Para.5:Thought experiments are defined as experiments carried out in the imagination.Thought experiments have a long history and are used in many
6、 areas.Thought experiments can stimulate debate and lead to a more thorough understanding of the topic in question.Participating in thought experiments can help us stretch our minds.Main Body2.Read the website article again and finish A2 on Page 18.(1)Why is it sometimes impossible to carry out expe
7、riments in the real world?Due to physical,ethical or financial limitations.(2)In what areas are thought experiments regularly used today?They are regularly used in the areas of philosophy,economics and the sciences.Reading(3)What was the paradox exposed by Galileo?If a heavier ball and a lighter one
8、 were tied together and fell to the ground,the fall of the heavier ball should be slowed down by the lighter one;however,the two balls,when considered as a whole,should fall faster than each individual ball.(4)What questions did Thomas Hobbes put forward about the ship of Theseus?What if someone col
9、lected all the original parts and rebuilt another ship?Which of the ships would then be the ship of Theseus?ReadingPost-readingThought experiments are those that are carried out in the imagination,and they function as a valuable means to test the limits of our knowledge and advance our understanding
10、 of the world.The use of thought experiments has been around for thousands of years,and they have contributed to the development of philosophical and scientific theories.They can not only prove something right or wrong,but also spark debates and lead to a more thorough understanding of the topic in
11、question.Thought experiments stretch our minds and allow us to predict outcomes of hypotheses which have real-life significance.1.Scan the website article and summarize it within 100 words.(1)What is the function of gravity?Post-reading-P19Gravity makes apples fall to the ground and stops us from fl
12、ying off into space.(2)What is the contribution of Newtons Cannon?It contributed to a more thorough understanding of gravity as a universal force.It also became the first and most accessible explanation for orbital motion.Moreover,many satellites orbit the Earth today thanks to Newtons thinking.3.Fi
13、nish B2 on Page 19.Post-readingThe example to introduce the topic in the website article:What would we observe if we travelled at the speed of light?This is a question Albert Einstein asked himself at the age of 16.Imagining himself pursuing a beam of light,he reasoned that he should observe such a
14、beam of light as an electromagnetic field at rest.This intuitive thinking later played an important role in the development of his special theory of relativity,as Einstein acknowledged in his 1949 Autobiographical Notes.It came to be known as one of Einsteins most famous thought experiments.Post-rea
15、dingThe invention of paper in the form we recognize today was the brainchild of Cai Lun,who lived during the Eastern Han Dynasty.This type of paper,called Cai Lun Paper,was invented by using materials that were cheap and easily available,which reduced the cost of paper production.Cai Lun had the ide
16、a of letting sheets of fibre float in water for a while.The wet sheets of fibre were then pressed slowly to drain the moisture until they were bone dry.This method proved to be a successful and popular way to make paper.The invention of Cai Lun Paper led to a rapid increase in paper production.4.Fin
17、ish the first question in A3 on Page 18.How do you think thought experiments are different from and similar to real-life experiments?Thought experiments differ from real-life experiments in that they are performed in the imagination,while real-life experiments are done in the physical environment.Th
18、ought experiments can test theories outside of the boundaries set by the physical world,whereas real-life experiments are limited by the physical,ethical or financial factors of the world.Real-life experiments are influenced by various factors in an environment,unlike thought experiments that are us
19、ually set in an ideal environment.Post-readingHowever,the two types of experiment share similarities.In both types of experiment,we set up a situation,observe what happens,and then draw a conclusion.Both experiments must follow the accepted scientific principles of an experiment,that is,be supported
20、 by independently confirmed factual observations and take place in the context of well-developed background theory.Post-readingDiscuss the writing techniques and writing purpose of the website article by answering the following questions.(1)Why does the passage begin with the example of Einsteins th
21、ought experiment?The example of a famous scientists thought experiment is an effective technique that helps arouse the readers interest in the topic and also shows the main idea of the article.Appreciation(2)How does the author illustrate the main idea of Paragraph 2?The author begins with a rhetori
22、cal question and then illustrate the main idea of this paragraph,which helps the reader understand the definition of thought experiments.Appreciation（3）Read Paragraphs 45 and fill in the following mind map.Types of thought experimentsPutting forward a new theory and supporting or disproving an exist
23、ing theory Galileo Galileis thought experiment with two falling ballsExample:Stimulating debate and leading to a more thorough understanding of the topic in questionThe ship of TheseusExample:Appreciation(4)Why does the author write this article?The author writes this article to introduce the concep
24、t,history,functions and importance of thought experiments.She intends to raise the readers awareness of this instrument humans use to explore the world while also encouraging the reader to think out of the box and create their own thought experiments.AppreciationIn my daily life,I should try to alwa
25、ys think out of the box and not blindly agree with the generally accepted ideas and beliefs.For example,if my friends believe that the only way to improve their English is through an academic English course,I could conduct a thought experiment to show them that there could be other ways too,such as
26、regularly speaking with native English speakers,watching English films and videos or listening to English songs every day.I could think about the results of each of these activities and analyse their outcomes,thus proving my opinion about learning English through various channels.How are you willing
27、 to apply thought experiments in your daily life?AppreciationGrammar and compositionIdioms2.Do you prefer buying hand-made products or machine-made ones?Why or why not?Yes,I like hand-made products such as hand-made fans or accessories.They have their special style and meaning,which I value a lot.No
28、,I dont particularly favour hand-made things.They may not be as good as machine-made ones,and some of them can be very expensive.Lead-inRead the blog post and fill in the table in Part A on Page 20.Exploring the rulesIdiomsMeaningsin leaps and bounds very quicklya snowball effectreturn to the simple
29、st or most important ideaspart and parcela situation where something develops more and more quickly as it continuesget back to basicsan essential part of somethingPp 9192.Give explanations if necessary.Exploring the rulesB1 on P21.Applying the rules1.In order to create something truly original,we so
30、metimes need to give up complex concepts and return to the simplest or most important ideas.(get back to basics)In order to create something truly original,we sometimes need to give up complex concepts and get back to basics.2.When it comes to writing,it is important to realize that at some point yo
31、u will experience writers block.(along the line)When it comes to writing,it is important to realize that along the line you will experience writers block.3.This simple yet innovative design gave them an advantage over the other competitors.(gain the upper hand)This simple yet innovative design enabl
32、ed them to gain the upper hand over the other competitors.Applying the rulesB2 on P21.Applying the rulesIntegrated skillsDeveloping your creativityIt all depends.Experience is of great help as it is the treasure from others after many failures and successes,so experience spares us much time that wou
33、ld otherwise be spent in drawing the same lessons.However,the world is changing fast and continuously,so what suits the situation in the past may not be useful nowadays.Besides,someone may rely too much on experience rather than think independently from new angles,and in the long run,it does harm to
34、 personal growth.Lead-inIn daily life,which is more important,experience or creativity?Why?Creativity is a must in almost every aspect of the world,be it in science and technology development or in making a breakthrough in solving a seemingly easy academic problem.However,it cannot exist long alone
35、as it needs to expand on the basis of cumulative experience.So we need to combine the two in a balanced way to maximize their strengths.Listen to the lecture and finish A1 on P22.ListeningExperience and creativityExperience discourages creativity The findings of a creativity test given to(1)_ and 28
36、0,000 adults suggest that as we grow older,we tend to lose(2)_.Gaining experience and following set routines can sometimes lead to a(3)_.To get around mental blocks,we need to think out of the box and come at a problem(4)_.Listen to the lecture again and finish A2 on Page 22.1,600 childrenthe abilit
37、y to be creative a fixed mindsetfrom a different angleExperience encourages creativity In the words of Isaac Newton,standing on(5)_ of Giants has enabled him to see further.A light-bulb moment does not always come out of nowhere.A g r e a t i n n o v a t i o n c o u l d b e t h e r e s u l t o f (6)
38、_ and building on the work of previous generations.drawing on past experiencethe shouldersA stressful and busy life is detrimental to creating an environment that fosters innovative thinking;Being lost in a sea of advice leaves you little room to think in your own way as every path to success is dif
39、ferent and just because something worked for an expert in your field doesnt mean it will work for you as well.You feel that the time isnt right yet,but have no idea when it will be,ending up waiting for this moment your entire life.Besides experience,what other aspects might cause lack of creativity
40、?ReadingRead the article in Part B on Page 23 and fill in the following table.ParagraphParagraphMain ideaMain ideaPara.1Para.1Para.2Para.2Para.3Para.3The importance of creativityWhat to do in daily life to be creativeHow to develop creativity1.What tips are given on how to develop your creativity?Lo
41、ok for connections,work with others and be ready to fight the fear of failure.Answer the questions in Part B on Page 23.2.What can you do to be creative in your daily life?Look for problems in our daily life that need to be solved,try to find connections between different things and ideas,and brains
42、torm with others.Plus,do not be afraid to make mistakes.First,the author uses a rhetorical question to make the reader pay attention and think about their own answers.Second,by using linking words like“first of all”,“another”and“last but not least”,the author makes this part clear and accessible.The
43、 author also uses a simile and a metaphor to explain the first and last tip in a more vivid way so the reader can easily relate to that situation in their real life.How does the author present the tips on how to develop creativity?Writing1.Write an article about creativity.Structure Diverse language
44、 vary the vocabulary vary the sentence structureCreativity:make it a way of life Creativity is the ability to view things in new ways or from different perspectives.Creative thinking leads to new ideas,alternatives or possibilities,which we can use to solve problems,communicate with others and enter
45、tain ourselves.As the world changes constantly and new problems occur regularly,creativity becomes a skill increasingly in demand.Unfortunately,there are various things that cause us to lose our creativity.As we age,we have much life experience that over time leads to a fixed mindset.This mindset bu
46、ilds mental blocks and prevents creativity.In fact,a test found that 98%of five-year-old children had a genius level of creativity,while only 2%of adults registered at the same level.Another thing that results in our lack of creativity is that digital distraction takes us away from activities that c
47、an stimulate our creativity such as reading,playing an instrument,or painting.In todays age where the convenience of technology surrounds us,sadly we become less creative.Though creativity may decrease as we age,there are ways to develop it.Firstly,by increasing our knowledge about a subject,we are
48、more likely to notice connections between things and ideas,which can help inspire creativity.Secondly,creativity is improved when we work with other people because the combination of different mindsets and abilities gives rise to new perspectives and approaches.Thirdly,to be creative,we also need to
49、 overcome the fear of failure.We need to take risks,experiment and explore,though the process may lead to some mistakes.If we reflect on our failures and see them as a necessary tool,they can lead us down other creative paths.Finally,creativity is not only about original thinking and ideas,but about
50、 building on the past experience of others too.James Watt,for instance,made steam engines more effective instead of inventing his own.In a word,creativity is a skill that can be learnt throughout life,and we should certainly make it our way of life.Extended readingHow the world got eyeglassesYes,I h
