1、短文改错万能公式短文改错万能公式 1.谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点，常见动词错误类型有： 一般现在时与一般过去时错用; and 前后动词时态不一致; 主谓不一致; 缺少动词,特别是 be 动词; 第三人称单数形式错用; 主动语态和被动语态错用。 2.名词的常见错误： 单复数名词错用，可数名词与不可数名词错用。 3.连词错误： 连词包括关系代词、副词，并列连词 and/or/but 等。 关于连词，一般考查从句关系： who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether 等。 4.冠词错误： 误用 a 和 an(根据单词的第一个音
2、素来判定); 误用 a/an 和 the(固定搭配，或泛指、特指;多冠词或少冠词) 5.形容词和副词错误： 系动词后用形容词(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词 smell/feel); 词性的误用(形容词修饰名词;副词修饰动词、形容词)。 6.代词错误： 代词的主格和宾格(I/me;he/him;she/her;we/us; they/them)错误; 反身代词(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用错误; 代词的单数和复数使用错误; 代词指代错误; 多代词或少代词。 7.非谓语动
3、词的常见错误： 不定式、动名词作主语、宾语时; and 连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致(尤其距离较远时); 介词后用动名词形式作宾语; 某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。 8.介词错误： 词组中的介词误用; 介词意思理解偏差; 介词的多用或少用。 二短文改错解答口诀短文改错解答口诀 动词形，名词数; 注意形和副; 非谓动词细辨别; 习惯用法要记住; 句子成分多分析; 逻辑错误须关注。 1.动词形 主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。 例如： My favourite sport is football. I was a member of our school foo
4、tball team. Now my picture and prize were hanging in the library. ( were are) 上述例子属于时态错误。找出此类错误的关键是树立牢固的时态概念，注意短文 内容发生或存在的时间，保持时间概念的一致性。 2.名词数 指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。 例如： so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. (subject subjects) 3.区分形和副 即区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。 这也是高考短文改错的常考点。 例如： Im sure
5、well have a wonderfully time together. (wonderfully wonderful) Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunate Unfortunately) 需要注意的是，形容词多用来做定、表、补语等，而副词只能在句子中作状语， 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。第一例中的 wonderful 作定语修饰 time，第 二句的 Unfortunately 作状语修饰整个句子。 4.非谓动词细辨别 这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有分词和动名词类错误，也包括不定式类错
6、 误。 例如： in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interesting interested) Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also (Play Playing) My parents love me and will do all they can make sure (to) 上述二、三例分别是动名词作主语，和不定式作目的状语。一般的，现在分词有 主动态和进行时的含义，而过去分词具有被动态和完成时的含义，不定式有将来时
7、态 的含义。 5.习惯用法要记住 主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考的常考点，其错误表现形式 主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。 例如： It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and ( for of ) We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves. ( of ) 6.句子成分多分析 不同的句子成分要用不同的词类;不同的语境要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们 对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。
8、例如： Theyeager to know everything about China and (are) I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (where which) 第一例漏掉了谓语动词 are，这是受汉语习惯的影响而导致的错误;第二例则是词 类与它在句子中的成分不相符，where 是副词，不能作主语。 7.逻辑错误须关注 与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴， 人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误，常是这类错误的考查对象。 例如： The Smiths did his best to ma
9、ke me feel at home.(his their) First, let me tell you something more about myself.(去掉 more) 上述第一例中的主语是 Smiths(史密斯夫妇俩)，因此后面的 his 不合逻辑。第二 例中的 more 在这儿表“再”的意思，才开始告诉别人，怎么能说“再告诉你一些事”? 除了上述错误类型外，常考的错误形式还有：连词 but, and, or 和 so 的用法错 误(可以归类为逻辑错误)，以及冠词的用法错误等。 例如： She was smiling but nodding at me.(but and) It
10、 looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.(and or ) We may be one family and live under a same roof.(a the) 三短文改错参考原则短文改错参考原则 1.改动以最少为原则; 2.虚词以添加或删除为原则; 3.实词以改变词形为原则; 4.以保持句子原意为原则; 5.核对错项时， 若的确有一时难以改出的地方， 可以参考所改动项是否基本符合 “1 ： 1：8”的比例：即多词 1 个，缺词 1 个，错词 8 个; 6.核对改正的语法项目是否有重复，因为短文改错往往覆盖面
11、广，一般不会出现 重复考查某个语法点的现象; 7.核对答题符号是否规范，位置是否准确，看看有无遗漏符号，忽略字母大小写 和拼写等问题。 四 20162016 年高考短文改错年高考短文改错 短文改错（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文， 请你修改你同桌写的以下作 文。文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单 词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一
12、词； 2. 只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。 2016 全国卷 My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. Though not very big, but the restaurant is popular in our area. It is always crowded with customers at meal times. Some people even had to wait outside. My uncle tells me that the key to his succes
13、s is honest. Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking. My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time. Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady. 2016 全国卷 The summer holiday is coming. My Classmates and I are tal
14、king about how to do during the holiday. We can chose between staying at home and take a trip. If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money. But in that case, we will learn little about world. If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledges we can
15、not get from books. Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. I thought that it is a good idea. It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot. 2016 全国卷 The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. They were also the best and worse years in my life.
16、At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself. However, my parents didnt seem to think such. They always tell me what to do and how to do it. At one time, I even felt my parents couldnt understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them. I showed them I was indepen
17、dent by wear strange clothes. Now I am leaving home to college. At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help. 参考答案 2016 全国卷 1. 第一句：that where 2. 第二句：去掉 but 3. 第四句：had have 4. 第五句：honest honesty 5. 第六句：or and 6. 第六句：using used 7. 第七句：dreams of 8. 第七句
18、：the a 9. 第八句：our his 10. 第八句：steady steadily 2016 全国卷 1. 第二句：how what 2. 第三句：chose choose 3. 第三句：take taking 4. 第四句：but and 5. 第五句：about the 6. 第六句：your our 7. 第六句：knowledges knowledge 8. 第七句：can should 或去掉 can 9. 第八句：thought think 10. 第九句：many much 2016 全国卷 1. 第一句：year years 2. 第二句：worse worst 3. 第三句：去掉 the 4. 第三句：yourself myself 5. 第四句：such so 6. 第五句：tell told 7. 第六句：freely free 8. 第七句：wear wearing 9. 第八句：to for 10. 第九句：whenever I
