1、牛津深圳版七年级上册英语Unit3 The Earth讲义知识精讲 Getting ready1. Read a poster about the Earth.Earth n : 地球 on Earth 在地球上 土壤，泥土 （此时首字母不大写）2. Listen to a quiz about the sea.quiz=test 测试，考试3.Talk about what we can do to protect the Earth.protect V保护protect .from . 保护.免遭.protection n 保护，防卫under the protection of 在.的保
2、护下4.About 70% of the Earth is covered by water. be covered by/with sth 被某物覆盖 cover . with. 用.把.盖住 n 盖子，封面5. Complete a report on protecting the Earth.report cn 报告，报道give/make a report 作报告listen to a report 听报告weather report 天气预报report v 报告，报道reporter n 记者，通讯员 on 关于6. Why do we call it the “Earth” th
3、en?be called=be named 被称为.call v 喊叫；给.打电话 Reading7. What are the blue parts?part n 部分body parts 身体部位 v 使分开，分离part sb from sb 将某人与某人分开8. There are forests and rivers, mountains and fields.There be 句型表示某处存在某物或某人field n 田地；领域；专业in the Field of 在.领域Eg: He is a famous person in the field of art.in the fi
4、elds 在田地里9. All plants need light and water.need sth 需要某物need to do sth 需要做某事10. There are different animals on Earth too.too也；通常用于肯定句句末also也；通常用于肯定句句中either也；通常用于否定句句末E. g: Peter is also good at singing.Peter cant go and I cant either.11.The Earth provides us with air,water and food.provide及物动词提供pr
5、ovide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物The Sun provides us with light and heat.辩析provide 与 offerprovide准备好必需品来供应provide sb. with sth=provide sth. for sb.为某人提供某物offer主动提供帮助，强调主动提供offer sb. sth. =offer sth. to sb.为某人提供某物We are here to provide a service for the public.She offered us five dif
6、ferent kinds of cakes.练习：-Why are you taking a basket with you for shopping?-The store doesnt_shopping bagsfor shoppers to protect the environment.A. lendB. countC.provideD. collect12.Today, there is a lot of pollution.pollution 不可数名词 污染air/noise/ water pollution 空气/噪声/水污染We are sad about the pollut
7、ion of our environment.拓展pollute动词污染;弄脏He doesnt want to pollute the environment.13.We burn things to make energy .burn及物动词燃烧;点燃Eg:The heat of the Sun will burn your skin.拓展:burn 不及物动词燃烧Paper burns easily.energy 不可数名词 能量;能源make energy 制造能量;获取能量The light energy comes from the Sun.Now people often use
8、 water to make energy.拓展energy 名词精力，活力Young people usually have more energy than the old.energetic形容词充满活力的He was hard-working and energetic.练习：Do you know March 21st is World Sleep Day? Sleep is important to us.- Yes. A good sleep gives us_andmakes us happy.A. truthB. fameC.energyD. culture答家：C 14.W
9、e put our rubbish into the sea and underthe ground .put. into.把倒入/放入Put the meat into the fridge, or it will go bad.拓展put. into.往投入(资金）;在耗费(精力等）We should put more energy into our study.与 put 相关的其他常见短语：put away 把收好 put off 推迟put on 穿上，戴上 put down 放下;降落put up 张贴;举起;搭建2.ground 名词 地面on the ground 在地上The
10、re was a child lying on the ground.地上躺着一个小孩。15.We must stop doing these things. must 情态动词 必须后跟动词原形。其否定形式为mustnt,意为“禁止;不许”。以must 开头的疑问句，其否定回答用“No,主语 十neednt.”或“No，主语dont/doesnt have to.You must tidy up your room.You mustnt take photos here.Must I do my homework now!No, you neednt/dont have to.练习：The
11、book_Marys. We can see her name on it.A. needB. mustC.cantD.neednt答案：Bstop doing sth. 停止做某事辨析：stop doing sth.与 stop to do sth.stop doing sth.表示停止正在做的事If I had the choice, I would stop working tomorrow.stop to do sth表示停止正在做的事去做另一件事Im very tired. I want to stop to have a rest.16. It is important for u
12、s to protect the Earth for our future.It is +形容词for sb. to do sth对某人来说，做某事是的。it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。for前的形容词通常是表示事物特征或客观性质的词，如 easy, hard, interesting,important, necessary,dangerous, convenient,possible 等。It is interesting for me to learn to cook food拓展It is十形容词十of sb. to do sth.意为“某人做某事是的”，of 前的形
13、容词通常为表示人的品质及性格特征的词，如kind, nice,brave, clever, wise 等。It was really kind of you to help me.important 形容词重要的反义词为 unimportant“不重要的”。This is an important meeting.拓展importance 名词 重要性the importance of.的重要性He realized the importance of learning English well.Listening17.When you listen for facts, you need t
14、o catch the important words.fact 可数名词 事实I can find out the truth of the fact.与fact有关的短语in fact 事实上，实际上as a matter of fact 事实上18.One quarter 四分之一one/a quarter=one fourth 四分之一three quarters =three fourths 四分之三“分数十of十名词”作主语时，谓语动词的形式由of后的名词决定。A quarter of the students have left their pictures home.About
15、 three quarters of the students passed the final exam.Grammar19. These animals are dangerous.dangerous形容词危险的其反义词为 safe“安全的”Dont swim in the river. Its dangerous.Its dangerous to cross the street now.拓展danger不可数名词危险in danger 处于危险中out of danger 脱离危险We should take action to protect animals in danger.20
16、. Do not throw rubbish into the river.祈使句，该句是一个否定形式的祈使向。英语中的祈使句，可以表示请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等。祈使句常以动词原形开头，以动词原形开头的祈使句的否定形式是在动词原形前加dont。祈使句的主语是 you，但通常省路。Open the door,please!Dont smoke here.Dont be nervous！练习：-Sam，_run in the hallways. Its very dangerous.-Sorry, Ms. Black.A. do B.dontC.not D. doesnt答案:B21. He
17、re is a glass for you.以here 开头的倒装句在英语中，以here, there 开头的向子，如果主语是名词,则句子用倒装语序，其中谓语动词的单复数形式与名词的单复数形式保持一致。Here is sour coat.Here come the students. Here are some flowers for you.注意当主语是代词时，主语和谓语不倒装。Here they are.22.What else can we do？else 副词 另外，其他常用于疑问词和不定代词之后。Who else do you want to meet？ Ask somebody e
18、lse to help you.拓展other形容词其他的，修饰名词，且要放在被修饰词之前。He gave no other details.23.We can ask people not to eat shark fin soup.ask sb. (not)to do sth. 要求/请求某人（不要）做某事Our English teacher asks us to read English every day.My parents ask me not to go out at night.拓展:与ask 相关的其他常见短语：ask for sth索要某物ask sb. for sth.
19、 向某人要某物ask sb. about sth.询问某人关于某事Speaking24.We can take our own shopping bags to the supermarket .take 及物动词 带走;拿走;后跟宾语,强调将某人或某物从说话地点带到其他地方去。taketo“把带到to后跟人或地点，如果地点是副词，则省去to。My parents often take me to the park on Sundays.辨析：take, bring 与gettake“带走;拿走”，指从说话者处把某人或某物带到其他地方bring“带來”,指从别处把某人或某物带到说话者处get“
20、去取或带来”，指从说话者处出发，去某地把某物取回来Please take the box away and bring me a cup of tea.I forgot to bring my homework, so I will have to return home to get it.own 形容词 自己的;位于形容词性物主代词或名词所有格之后,加强语气。I saw it with my own eyes.拓展own 及物动词,拥有,相当于 have。I own a new car.on ones own 独自,独立地Can you carry it on your own? Writ
21、ing25.I catch a lot of fish every day catch 动词捕捉，抓住相当于 seize。Not everyone can catch a fish every time.拓展catch动词接住;拦住Catch the ball! 接球！catch动词赶上catch the bus 赶上公共汽车catch up with sb. 赶上某人I was late for school this morning. I didnt catch the bus.catch动词染上(病）catch a cold 感冒- Did David catch a cold？- Ye
22、s. He went to see a doctor yesterday.26.fewer and fewer fish in the sea each year. few 形容词 不多;很少a few 有些;几个fewer and fewer 越来越少的Very few students learn Latin now.辨析:few, a few, little 与 a littlefew 修饰可数名词复数；“不多;很少;几乎没有”,表否定含义a few修饰可数名词复数；有些;几个”,表肯定含义little修饰不可数名词;“很少;几乎没有”，表否定含义a little修饰不可数名词“少量;一
23、点儿”，表肯定含义Im new here. I have few friends.Why not take a few days off?There is little water in the glass.He can speak English and a little French.fewer and fewer 越来越少的“比较级十and比较级”表示“越来越。The Internet makes the world smaller and smaller.“more and more+形容词(部分双音节或多音节词 原级”）意为“越来越Our school becomes more an
24、d more beautiful.练习：With the development of 5G technology, our daily lives have become_A.more and more convenientB.the most convenientC.convenient er and convenient er答案：Afish可数名词鱼表示“鱼的条数”时，单复数形式相同。指鱼的种类时，复数形式为 fishestwo fish 两条鱼 two fishes 两种鱼拓展fish不可数名词鱼肉Help yourself to some fish.动词钓鱼go fishing 去
25、钓鱼27.What problems do we have？ problem 可数名词 问题;难题辨析problem 与 questionproblem意为“问题,难题”时，尤指难以解决的问题或数学、物理等习题，常与work out 连用;意为“困难”时，相当于 difficultyquestion意为“问题”，指说话者需要寻找答案的问题,常与ask 或 answer 连用Can you work out this Maths problem?May I ask you some questions?拓展与 problem 相关的常见短语：no problem 没问题work out the
26、problem 算出这道题solve the problem 解决问题have problems with在某方面有问题have problems (in) doing sth. 在做某事方面有困难We have many problems (in) finishing this work.More Practice28. And lift people up？lift 动词 (被)提起，举起lift up“举起;升起”,为“动词十副词”型短语。代词作宾语时，要放在lift 和 up之间。Well have to lift up the stone to get her out.The box
27、 is very heavy and I cant lift it up.拓展:lift还可作名词,意为电梯;搭便车”There is a lift to all floors.29. It keeps us alive.keep + sb./sth.形容词 使某人/某物保持keep us alive 意为“使我们活着/充满活力”，是“keep宾语十宾语补足语”结构,该结构意为“使保持某种状态(位置或动作等）”，其中宾语补足语通常由形容词、副词、介词短语或动词-ing 形式等充当。We should keep our classroom clean and tidy.拓展keep十形容词 保持
28、I go swimming every day in order to keep fit.keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事Im sorry to keep you waiting.keep (on）doing sth.一直/继续做某事I keep thinking back to the day I arrived here.keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事We must keep them from getting to know our plans.alive形容词活着的We dont know whether hes alive o
29、r dead.辨析alive, living 与 livealive活着的，有活力的”，可以修饰人或物;在句子中作表语、宾语补足语或后置定语，不能作前置定语living放在定冠词之后表示一类人,也可以作表语,用来修饰人或物。还有“现代的，现存的”的意思live“活着的，有生命的,活生生的”，主要用来说鸟或其他动物,作前置定语The fish is still alive.Latin is not a living language.There is a live fish in the river.基础练习一、根据汉语意思写出下列单词及短语 A.单词1.地球 2.知识竞赛；小测验 3.几模式；
30、形式 4.保护 5.报告 6.部分 7.陆地 8.田地；田野 9.大的 10.提供 11.污染 12.燃烧 13.能量；能源 14.污染v 15.到里面，进入 16.杀死 17.必须 18.重要的 19.事实 20.公里；千米 21.自己的 22.捕捉 23.不多；很少 24.去别处；朝令一个方向25.问题；难题 B. 短语1.被覆盖 2.在地球上 3.保护地球 4. 在陆地上 5.为提供 6.把倒人 7.停止做某事 8.污染空气 9.在水下 10.在天空中 11. 当然 12. 例如 13.四分之一 14.四分之三 15.把扔进里 16.喝水 17.在沙滩上 18.制造能量 19.扔掉 20
31、.捕鱼 21.让我们活着 22.最后 23.活的久 二、词形变换1.beauty美丽的adj. 2.protect保护n 3.home无家可归的adj 4.pollution污染v 5.important重要性n 6.help有帮助的adj 7. breathe呼吸n 8.begin开始n 9.use有用的adj. 三、写出下列教材中单词、短语的同义词 （组）或近义词 （组)1. small 2.useful 3.provide 4.type 5.make 6.beginning 7.rubbish 8.too 9.mountain 10.in the end 11.forest e from
32、 13.of course 14.very 15.photo 四、翻译句子1.地球大约 70%被水覆盖。About 70% of the Earth water.2.我们必须停止做这些事情。We these things.3.如今，有许多污染。Today, pollution.4.地球为我们提供空气、水和食物。The Earth air, water and food.5.每年海里的鱼越来越少了。There are and fish in the sea each year.6.这些污染了地球，也杀死了动植物。These ， animals and plants.7.为了我们的未来，我们保护地
33、球很重要。 for us to protect the Earth for our future.8.天气变得更凉爽了。The weather 9.我们烧东西来制造能量。We burn things 11. 它让我们活着。It us .答案：一、A. 1. Earth. 2. quiz 3. patter 4. protect5. report 6. part 7. land 8. field 9. large 10. provide 11.pollution 12. burn 13. energy 14. pollute 15. into 16. ground 17. kill 18. mu
34、st19. important 20. fact 21. kilometre22. own 23. catch 24. few 25. away 26. problem B. 1. be covered by/with. 2. on (the) Earth3. protect the Earth 4. on the land5. provide. with. 6. put. into.7. stop doing sth. 8. pollute the air 9. under the water 10. in the sky11. of course 12. for example13. on
35、e quarter 14. three quarters15. throw. into. 16. drink water17. on the beaches 18. make energy19. throw away 20. catch fish 21. keep us alive 22. in the end/at last23. live long二、1. beautiful 2. protection 3. homeless4. pollute 5. importance 6. helpful7. breath 8. useful 9. beginning 三、1. tiny/littl
36、e 2. offer 3. produce4. litter 5. hill 6. woods 7. certainly/ sure 8. picture 9.helpful 10. kind 11. start 12. as well 13. at last/finally 14. be from15. quite/pretty 10inu四、1. is covered by 2. must stop doing 3. there is a lot of 4. provides us with5. fewer, fewer 6. pollute the Earth, kill7. Its i
37、mportant8. got/ gets cooler9. g to make energy10. keeps, alive语法专题名词一、基本概念名词是表示人或物、地点、行为、感情以及抽象概念的词。是世界上万事万物的名称。二、基本分类名词专有名词（首字母大写）普通名词可数名词个体名词（个别人或事物football，factory）集体名词（若干个个体组成的集体class，army）不可数名词物质名称（无法分为个体的事物milk，water）抽象名词（动作、状态等抽象概念love，interest）专有名词：表示某一特定的人、月份、节日、地名、机构等。例：Song Wei，July，China
38、，1smart普通名词：表示一类人、事物或抽象概念的名称。可分为可数名词和不可数名词。常见的不可数名词：(1)物质名词：milk, money(2)抽象名词：health, youth【例题】Mum, please give me two_. I want to make vegetable salad.OK. Here you are.Atomato Btomatoes Ctomatos可数名词变复数的变化情况变化形式例词一般情况map 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的词bus以“辅音字母y”结尾的词city-以“元音字母y”结尾的词boy-有生命以o结尾的词potatohero无生命以o结
39、尾的词zoo以f或fe结尾的词leaf名词的不规则变化1. oo变eefoot tooth2. 单复数同行deer sheep Chinese3. 词尾加enchild ox4. 含man或woman 的复合名词，前后两词都要改为复数形式men doctor5. 复合名词单数变复数时，将中心词改为复数boy student练习1. There are a few (flower) on the table.2. Next, put the onion and (tomato) on the chicken.3. Please take some (medicine) and stay in bed for two days.4. The baby had already had four (tooth) when she was seven months old.5. Could you help me to clean the fallen (leaf) on the ground.6. We need a lot of (dictionary)in our class, Could you buy some for us?7. We had bette
