1、Unit 6Period 2 Grammar&Vocabulary课 堂 学 习1 Look at the sentences from the reading passage.1.What has been left out in sentences(a)and(b)?2.Why does the author leave them out?a Its just typical that my journey is on one of the oldest lines,as well as one of the deepest.b My office is only on the third
2、 floor of the building,so quite low.c Its just typical that my journey is on one of the oldest lines,as well as one of the deepest lines.d My office is only on the third floor of the building,so it is quite low.Sentence(a)leaves out“lines”.Sentence(b)leaves out“it is”.To avoid repeating the word or
3、expression that is too obvious,and make the sentences more concise.Now look for more sentences with ellipsis in the reading passage.1.Its the hottest(journey)on the whole Tube system.(para.1)2.Its lovely at the beach,but(its)not so(lovely)when youre wearing a suit and in a crowd of passengers!(para.
4、2)3.Perhaps now(it)is the time to start planning for the future?(para.3)Ellipsis省略省略 省略是一种避免重复、保持句子简洁的语法现象。凡是缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分,在一定语境中能够独立存在,意义明确,并且能发挥交际功能的句子就是省略句。一般说来,只要不破坏语法结构或者引起歧义,能省略的就应省略。省略不仅使句子结构显得紧凑,而且也是分句和分句之间的承接纽带。二、省略的用法1.并列句中的省略一般说来,在后一并列句中凡是与上文相同的成分通常都可省略。I came at eight but Henry(came)a
5、t nine.我八点来的,但亨利是在九点来的。2.复合句中的省略(1)定语从句如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语,这个关系代词可以省略。Hes the man(who/that)you can safely depend on.他是你能放心信赖的人。(2)状语从句当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致,且状语从句中含有be动词时,省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。When(the novel is)published,the novel will become one of the best sellers of the year.那本小说出版的时候就成为了当年的畅销书之一。Although(he was
6、)hard-working,he couldnt earn enough to support himself.尽管努力工作,他的收入还是不够自己糊口。(3)宾语从句引导宾语从句的that一般情况下,可以省略。that后面的宾语从句较长或其他一些特殊情况下,that不能省略。I hope(that)youll be fine soon.我希望你尽快康复。(4)主句省略有时整个主句都可省略,只剩下一个从句。这种省略现象通常出现在简短答语中。You all like the story?你们都喜欢这个故事？Yes,except that the conclusion is too hasty.是的
7、,只是结尾太仓促。3.虚拟语气中的省略(1)虚拟条件句常省略if,而将were,had,should提前构成部分倒装。Had you come here yesterday,you would have met her.如果你昨天来这儿的话,你就会见到她了。(2)在一坚持(insist),二命令(order,command),三建议(suggest,propose,advise),四要求(demand,require,request,ask)等后的宾语从句中,含这些词的派生词的其他主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句,以及It is strange/natural/necessary/importa
8、nt that.从句中常省略should。We insisted that they(should)go with us.我们坚决要求他们和我们一起走。It is suggested that we(should)go to see the film.有人建议我们去看这部电影。4.动词不定式的省略(1)有些动词(词组),如want,wish,expect,hope,would like,try,forget等后面的不定式作宾语时,为了避免重复,可以省略动词只保留到to,但如果在省略的不定式结构中含有系动词be和助动词have,这些动词就要保留。The boy wanted to ride hi
9、s bicycle in the street,but his mother told him not to.这个男孩想在街上骑自行车,可他妈妈不同意。He is not the man he used to be.他已经不是原来的那个样子了。(2)两个或两个以上的不定式并列时,第一个带to,后面可以省去to;但如果两个不定式表示对比关系时,则to不可省略。His wish is to earn a lot of money and(to)buy his mother a big house.他的愿望是赚很多钱给妈妈买所大房子。(3)感官动词(词组)see,look at,hear,liste
10、n to,notice,watch等和使役动词make,let,have等的后面作宾语补足语的不定式要省略to;但此类动词的被动语态中的to不可省略。I saw him enter the room just now.刚才我看见他进了房间。I didnt know who made him cry.我不知道谁把他惹哭了。(4)在某些句式中,如介词but前有动词do的任何形式,后面的不定式要省略to。I can do nothing but wait.我能做的只有等待。5.介词的省略(1)在英语中一些与动词、名词、形容词搭配的介词常被省略,而只保留后面的动名词。如spend time/money
11、(in)doing sthhave difficulty/trouble(in)doing sthprevent/stop sb(from)doing sthI have some trouble(in)learning English.我学英语有困难。(2)表示时间的介词at,on和in在next,last,this,each,these,yesterday,every,tomorrow等词之前,一般可省略。We have a final exam every term.每学期我们举行一次期末考试。6.替代性省略英语中,可以使用so,not或其他手段来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。Ca
12、n I put my bike here?我可以把自行车放在这儿吗？Youd better not.你最好不要。把下面句子变为省略句(1)It is a beautiful day,isnt it?_,isnt it?(2)She was poor but she was honest.She was poor but _.Beautiful dayhonest(3)What do you think made Mary so upset?Losing her new bicycle made Mary so upset.What do you think made Mary so upset
13、?_.(4)When it is seen from the plane,the houses look like tiny toys._,the houses look like tiny toys.Seen from the planeLosing her new bicycle(7)If I were a teacher,I would be strict with my students._,I would be strict with my students.(8)My parents encouraged me to go to college,but I didnt want t
14、o go to college.My parents encouraged me to go to college,but I _.(5)Alice,why didnt you come yesterday?I was going to come yesterday,but I had an unexpected visitor.Alice,why didnt you come yesterday?I _,but I had an unexpected visitor.(6)The man that/who/whom you visited last night is my grandpa.T
15、he man _ last night is my grandpa.was going toyou visiteddidnt want toWere I a teacher(9)Do you think he is a good student?I dont think he is a good student.Do you think he is a good student?I _.(10)She was heard to sing last night.I _ last night.think notheard her sing2 Read the paragraph and find
16、out what words have been removed before or after the underlined words.Technology isnt the only way to forecast the weather.Nature has its ways(_),too.Unusual animal behaviour,for example,can indicate whether its cold,wet weather thats on the way or a hot,dry period(_).If fish are jumping higher than
17、 usual or frogs are croaking more loudly(_),it may rain.And next time you look up at the sky,dont just look for rain clouds,but also(_)for birds.If they are flying low,grab your umbrella.It is also said that mice and snakes head for safer ground several days before an earthquake,while dogs avoiding
18、the beach may be a sign that a tsunami is approaching.Of course,although these things to forecast the weatherthats on the waythan usuallookmay suggest something bad is going to happen,they wont tell us when(_)and where(_).So,for accurate and reliable predictions,its best to check an official,scienti
19、fic report.something bad is going to happensomething bad is going to happen3 Remove words from the news report to make it more concise.The 8.1-magnitude earthquake that hit Nepal on 25 April 2015,was one of the worst earthquakes in history.On hearing the news,China was quick to start organising emer
20、gency aid.International rescue teams soon began to arrive in the country.Amongst all the international heavy rescue teams,the China International Search and Rescue Team(CISAR)was the first international heavy rescue team to arrive.Consisting of 62 people,it not only included rescuers and medical sta
21、ff,but also included earthquake experts.By early May,emergency aid worth 9.7 million US dollars had been donated by China,with a further round of emergency aid to follow.4 Look at the pictures and answer the questions.droughttyphoontsunamiwildfireearthquakeblizzardavalanche1 Which one do you think i
22、s the most dangerous?Typhoon means“an extremely large,powerful,and destructive storm that occurs especially in the region of the Philippines or the China Sea.”2 Can you name some big natural disasters in history?1.Haiti Earthquake of 20102.Hurricane Katrina of 20053.Hurricane Andrew of 19924.Tohoku
23、Earthquake and Tsunami5.Tsunami of 20116.Tangshan Earthquake7.2008 China Earthquake5 Complete the reports with the words in Activity 4.Pay attention to the words describing natural disasters.In 1881,a(n)1_ struck the small Vietnamese city of Haiphong,bringing terrible strong winds.When it hit the co
24、ast,huge tidal waves caused severe flood,costing the lives of up to 300,000 citizens.typhoonIn August 1949,the Landes region of South-west France faced a major 2_ that lasted almost a week.Some 500 km2 of forested land was burnt and 82 people killed.Even today,it is considered one of Europes most de
25、adly forest fires.wildfireThe winter of 1950 to 1951 came to be known as the Winter of Terror when over 600 3_ struck towns and villages in the mountains of the Swiss-Austrian Alps.Caused by exceptionally heavy snowfall within a short period of time,they destroyed buildings and forests,and claimed o
26、ver 256 lives.avalanchesIn 1960,Chile suffered the strongest 4_ to be recorded in the 20th century.The shock is generally agreed to have had a magnitude of 9.5.It caused a(n)_ with waves of up to 25 metres affecting places as far away as Hawaii and Japan.earthquaketsunamiA(n)6_ hit Iran in February
27、1972,causing a week of extremely low temperatures.Winter storms brought as much as 7.9 metres of snow in the south of the country,resulting in the deaths of about 4,000 people.blizzardIn July 2011,a(n)7_ struck East Africa.It was said to be the worst in 60 years,and not a single drop of rain fell fo
28、r almost a whole year.It led to a severe food crisis and threatened the livelihoods of more than 9.5 million people.drought6 Work in pairs.Talk about a recent natural disaster you have heard about or seen on the news.Sample:I was in a hotel near the beach.It had been very windy for a few hours and i
29、t had rained for two days.Suddenly,the wind became much stronger.There were some trees across the road near the beach and they began to move from side to side.The hotel manager said that we had to stay in the hotel because this was the start of a hurricane.We closed all the window and stayed in our rooms.The hurricane lasted for two days.It was terrifying!课堂总结课堂总结Retell the usage of ellipsis.
