1、 Grammar and usageNon-restrictive relative clausesStep One:Revision This is a teaching building.This is a teaching building.This is the teaching building This is the teaching building wherewhere we study.we study.We study here.We study here.先行词antecedent关系副词relative adverba restrictive relative clau
2、se(限制性定语从句限制性定语从句)先行词先行词关系代词关系代词 relative pronoun Some relative clauses are used to add information about a noun,pronoun or noun phrase in the main clause to specify(说明)which person or thing we mean,or,which type of person or thing we mean.These relative clauses are called restrictive relative claus
3、es.1.定义定义：在复合句中修饰在复合句中修饰名词、名词、代词代词或名词词组或名词词组的从句的从句2.先行词先行词：被修饰的名词被修饰的名词、代词或名词词组、代词或名词词组一、定语从句的相关概念一、定语从句的相关概念3.引导定语从句的关系词：引导定语从句的关系词：关系代词：关系代词：关系副词：关系副词：when,where,whywho,whom,whose,which,that,as4.4.关系词的功能关系词的功能:1)1)连接连接主句与从句主句与从句 2)2)指代指代先行词先行词3)3)在从句中在从句中充当成分充当成分Revision主语主语宾宾/表语表语定语定语whowhomwhose
4、whichthatAttention关系词关系词先行词先行词在从句的作用在从句的作用where when why 表地点的词表地点的词地点地点状语状语表时间的词表时间的词时间时间状语状语原因原因状语状语reason1.1.先看先看 先行词先行词2.2.再看再看关系词关系词在在从句从句中充中充当什么成分。当什么成分。1.The man _came to our school is Mr.Wang.2.A child _parents are dead is called Tom.3.I like the person _you just talked to.4.I still remember
5、the day I first came here.5.The factory his father works is in the west of the city.6.That is the reason I did the job.7.I have the same book _ he has.who/thatwhosewhomwhenwherewhy用适当的关系词补全句子用适当的关系词补全句子asIn restrictive relative clauses,we can use the relative pronoun as to refer to a part of the mai
6、n clause,pay attention to the sentence patterns:as.as.,such.as.and the same.as.1.I have a girlfriend who is keen on playing video games.2.I have a girlfriend,who is keen on playing video games.Perhaps he has more than one girlfriendStep Two:Comparison我有一个对电子游戏感兴趣的女朋友。我有一个对电子游戏感兴趣的女朋友。我有一个女朋友，她对电子游戏很
7、感兴趣。我有一个女朋友，她对电子游戏很感兴趣。he has only one girlfriendTalk about the advantages and disadvantages of tourism(SB page 6)Disscuss non-restrictive relative clauses1.the outline of the text2.the advantages and disadvantages of tourism3.the non-restrictive relative clausesStep Three:read and thinkthe outline
8、of the textAdvantagesDisadvantagesConclusionPara._Para._Para._12-34Tourism Tourism allows 1._ to grow consistently,thus2._ to the local population,and bringing 3._to the surrounding community.disadvantagesBoth the 4._ _ of the land and the cultural aspects of the destination may be 5._ from tourism,
9、with wildlife 6._ suffering and local culture receiving insufficient 7.service industriesgiving jobsmore wealthphysical characteristicsat riskhabitatsrespectadvantagesThe tourists should always aim to be responsible to reduce the negtive impact when travelling.Find the sentences with non-restrictive
10、 relative clauses(P6)Working out the rulesStep Four:Exploring the rules1)These industries,in turn,give jobs to the local population,whose welfare depends on tourism.2)The prices of tourist essentials such as transport,accommodation and food usually increase too,which brings even more wealth to the s
11、urrounding community.3)More nature-centred tourist attractions,where man and nature live in harmony,can be greatly impacted or even destroyed by the flood of tourists.4)As resources are used more rapidly than they can be sustained,wildlife habitats are likely to suffer,which could endanger the local
12、 plants and animals.5)Local festivals and customs,which may have deep meaning in a particular culture,can simply become entertainment for tourists.Working out the rulesRule 1:We often use a non-restrictive relative clause to add _ information to a noun,pronoun or noun phrase in the main clause or th
13、e main clause.A _ is usually used to separate the adding clause and the main clause.extracommaRule 2:We usually introduce a non-restrictive relative clause with a relative pronoun like who,whom,which and whose or a relative adverb like when and where.The relative pronoun and adverb _(can/cannot)be l
14、eft out in a non-restrictive relative clause.cannotWorking out the rulesRule 3:We can use _(which/who/where)in a non-restrictive relative clause to refer to the main clause as a whole.1)The boy was away from home for a week,_ (这使他父母很担心).2)Many people,some of _ are not overweight,are going on a diet.
15、3)I have been to many big cities,all of _ have left a deep impression on me.whichwhich worried his parents very muchwhomRule 4:We can put some/half/many/most/all of before relative pronouns _ and _.whichwhomwhichWorking out the rulesRule 5:In non-restrictive relative clauses,we can use the relative
16、pronoun as to refer to the whole main clause.As can be put at the beginning,the middle or the end of the clause._ is known to us,the Moon travels around the Earth.Rule 6:_ can not be used in non-restrictive clauses.Rule7:in non-restrictive relative clauses,we dont omit the relative pronouns.This is
17、my head teacher,whom I like best.As thatApplying the rulesStep Five:Dr Luo,who is an expert in Chinese history,will give,where my grandma was born.,some of whom had never been abroad before.,when the weather is at its best.,which is really fascinating and helpful.P7Homework:课时作业 P124 语法填空题 Read the
18、passage(P6)and fill in the table below welfare n.U 幸福，福祉；福利幸福，福祉；福利accommodation n.U 住处；停留处住处；停留处surrounding adj.周围的；附近的周围的；附近的advantagesDisadvantages句句1(not)a bed of roses(并非并非)轻松的境况轻松的境况/令人愉快的情况令人愉快的情况翻译：翻译：但是，蓬勃发展的商业并非总是十全十美。句句2 live in harmony(with)(与与)和睦相处和睦相处翻译：翻译：更多以自然风光为主、人与自然和睦相处的旅游景点，会因为大量游客涌入而受到巨大影响甚至遭到破坏。Conclusion对于游客和当地人来说，旅行会是一种很棒的体验。然而，游客应该力求有责任心。无论我们去哪里旅行，都要减少负面影响，这将有助于使许多子孙后代有望欣赏相同的景点。翻译：
