1、1.David arrived last night.2.Who is speaking,please?3.Two will be enough.4.Looking up all the new words in the dictionary took him a lot of time.5.To translate this ideal into reality needs hard work.6.How to do well is an important question.7.What has happened proves that our policy is right.n.pron
2、.num.v-ingto doto do phrasesentencesubject clause在在复合句复合句中，如中，如作主语的是一个从句作主语的是一个从句，该从句，该从句被称为被称为主语从句主语从句。主语从句必须用主语从句必须用陈述语序陈述语序。the earth moves around the sun is well known.he will come or not is not known yet.That Whether1.1.连词连词that/whether that不做成分，不表意思，不能省略。不做成分，不表意思，不能省略。whether不做成分，表意思不做成分，表意思“
3、是否是否”。He doesnt know _you will leave.3.It makes no difference you will go today or tomorrow.1._ hell come this evening is uncertain.2.Its uncertain _ hell come this evening.Whether whether/if whether4.他不确定你什么时候走。What he is not sure is _you will leave.whether whether/if主语从句中用主语从句中用 whether 不用不用 if 的情
4、况：的情况：1.主语从句位于主语从句位于句首句首时时;2.从句后有从句后有or或紧跟或紧跟or not时。时。5._ you work hard,you are sure to succeed.If宾语从句中宾语从句中whether和和 if 可互换，表语从句、同位可互换，表语从句、同位语从句用语从句用 whether 不用不用 if.条件状语从句用条件状语从句用 if 不用不用 whether.英译中：Who will be sent there has not been decided.What you need is more practice.Which one is the best
5、 is not clear.Whoever comes first will get a free book.Whatever he did was right.Whichever team gains the most points wins.谁会被派出去还不知道。你所需要的(东西)是更多的实践。哪一个是最好的还不清楚。无论谁第一个到(任何第一个到的人)都会得一本免费书。他做的任何事情都是对的。无论哪个队获得最多分就算赢。2.2.连接代词连接代词who/what/which/whoever/whatever/whicheverwho/whoever引导名词从句的区别：引导名词从句的区别：wh
6、o引导的表引导的表“一件事一件事”，whoever引导表引导表“一个人一个人”连接代词做主干成分，表意思，不能省略。连接代词做主干成分，表意思，不能省略。中译英：他们什么时候会来还没有公布。他去了哪里还是个问题。为什么会有重力难以理解。他能如何在英国谋生依然还是一个问题。they will come hasnt been made public.he has gone is a question.there is gravity is hard to understand.he can earn a living in Britain remains a big problem.when,wh
7、ere why,how3.3.连接副词连接副词 When Where Why How连接副词引导名词从句，在句中作状语，表意思。连接副词引导名词从句，在句中作状语，表意思。1.What caused the car accident _ unknown.2.Where we will go _（decide)yet.hasnt been decided小结：小结：1.1.主现从现，主过从过，从主现从现，主过从过，从“理理”从现从现 2.2.从句从句一般不受主句时态的影响。一般不受主句时态的影响。remains3.It is the first time that Mr Smith _(visi
8、t)the Summer Palace.has visited4.It was the first time that Mr Smith _(visit)the Summer Palace.had visited6.What we need _ more books.1.Who won the match _ still unknown.5.What she lacks _ experience.2.What you said _ perfectly true.3.When and why he will leave there _ unknown.4.What you said and wh
9、at you did _all right.was was is were is were一个一个主语从句后的谓语动词一般用主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式单数形式。多个多个主语从句后的谓语动词用主语从句后的谓语动词用复数形式。复数形式。一个主语从句的一个主语从句的几个方面几个方面也用也用单数形式。单数形式。what引导的主语从句，引导的主语从句，谓语动词的数由后面的谓语动词的数由后面的表语表语决定决定。1.很明显他已经知道了真相。2.他们是否能完成任务还不确定。3.他们什么时候来还没有决定。_ is obvious _ he has known the truth._ is uncerta
10、in _ they will finish the tasks._ hasnt been decided _ they will come.It that Itwhether It when主语从句常用主语从句常用it作作形式主语形式主语放放句首句首,从句从句为为真正真正的主语的主语，放在，放在句末句末，使句子更平衡。，使句子更平衡。1.It+be+形容词形容词+that从句从句 certain clear important necessary probable possible常用句型有：常用句型有：It is/was+that clause2.It+happens/seems/appea
11、rs/proves/turns out等不及物动词等不及物动词/连系动词连系动词 +that从句。从句。It seems that it is going to rain.3.It+be+名词名词(词组词组)+that从句从句 pity，wonder，honour shame duty，factIt is/was a+that clause4.It+be+V-ed+that从句从句 said reported thought hoped believed known It is+that clause5.It struck/hit/occurred to sb+that从句从句 某人突然想到某
12、人突然想到7.It makes on difference+that从句从句 .没有影响没有影响6.It doesnt matter+that从句从句.是无关紧要的是无关紧要的中译英：中译英：1.很遗憾他错过了这么好的机会。2.据说他是班上最用功的学生。3.碰巧我那天外出了。4.我们都不知道谁会告诉我们最新信息。5.你往左转或往右转都没有关系。1.It was a pity that he missed such a good chance.2.It is said that he studies hardest in class.3.It happened that I was out th
13、at day.4.It is unknown to us all who will tell us the latest information.5.It doesnt matter that will you turn left or right.表建议尚未成为事实，常用虚拟语气表建议尚未成为事实，常用虚拟语气 suggested，advised ordered requested，requiredIt is/was+that clause should do necessary important strange natural It is+that clause should do表说话
14、人的意见、要求表说话人的意见、要求，常用虚拟语气常用虚拟语气中译英：中译英：1.大学生掌握一两门外语是必要的。2.按照命令，这台收音机要立刻送到那里去。1.It is necessary that a college student(should)master one or two foreign languages.2.It is ordered that the radio should be sent there at once.2.2.引导主语从句的词有：引导主语从句的词有：连词连词_ _ 连接代词连接代词_,_,_,_ 连接副词连接副词_,_,_,_等。等。_3.3.主语从句常用主语
15、从句常用_作形式主语放句首作形式主语放句首,从句从句 为为_，放在句末。，放在句末。1.1.主语从句在复合句中作句子的主语从句在复合句中作句子的_。主语主语that/连接作用连接作用/无意义无意义/无成分无成分/不可省不可省whether/if/连接作用连接作用/有意义有意义/无成分无成分/不可省不可省whenwhere howwhywho(ever)what(ever)it真正的主语真正的主语which(ever)连连接接词词连接作用连接作用/有意义有意义/有成分：主宾表有成分：主宾表/不可省不可省连接作用连接作用/有意义有意义/有成分：状语有成分：状语/不可省不可省4.4.注意事项：注意事
16、项：主语从句的时态：主语从句的时态：谓语动词的数：谓语动词的数：虚拟语气的运用：虚拟语气的运用：形式主语常用句型：形式主语常用句型：if/whether if/whether 区别：区别：语法填空中主语从句如何选择引导词不缺必要成分缺必要成分连接代词（what,who,which,whom,wh-ever,whose）缺意思不缺意思when/why/where/how（表“是否”用 if/whether）that缺什么意思，缺什么意思，就填什么词！就填什么词！I.用适当的连接词填空。用适当的连接词填空。1._ struck me most in the movie was the father
17、s deep love for his son.2._ he will refuse the offer is unlikely.3._ well go camping tomorrow or not depends on the weather.4._ the ancient Egyptians built the Pyramids puzzled people for centuries.5.It is not yet clear _ broke the window of the classroom.6._ he will come back from France is unknown
18、,and I will check the time.7.It is possible _ Bob will be present at the meeting tomorrow.8._ team will win the game is difficult to predict.WhatThatWhetherHowwhoWhenthatWhichII.根据汉语意思，完成下列句子。根据汉语意思，完成下列句子。1.无论谁最后离开房间，都应该把灯关掉。_ ought to turn off the lights.2.他昨天为什么来这里是个秘密。_ is a secret.3.我们不知道杰克什么时候
19、能完成这本书的翻译。_ is unknown to us.4.飞机何时起飞还没有宣布。_ when the plane is to take off.5.你不喜欢他不关我的事。_ is none of my business.6.很遗憾你不能参加我的生日聚会。_ you cant attend my birthday party.Whoever leaves the room lastWhy he came here yesterdayWhen Jack will finish translating the bookIt has not been announcedThat you dont like himIt is a pity that
