1、 1. _ 由于由于 2. _ 坚持；固守坚持；固守，维持维持 3. _ 随着时间流逝随着时间流逝，久而久之久而久之 4. _ 注意注意 5. _ 成为现实成为现实 6. _ 在很多方面在很多方面 7. _ 放弃放弃 8. _ 签字签字 9. _ 张贴张贴 10. _ 在开始时在开始时 as result of stick to over time pay attention to come true in many ways give up sign up put up in the beginning n.交换;交流;互换 vt. 交换 exchange (1)make an exchan
2、ge 交换 in exchange for 作为交换. (2)exchange students 交换生;互派的留学生 exchange rate 汇率 (3)exchange sth. for sth. 以某物交换某物 exchange sth. with sb. 与某人交换某物 我想把这些英镑兑换成美金。 Id like to _ dollars. 因为我们都匆匆忙忙，所以只交谈了几句。 We only _ because we were in a hurry. 你愿意用字典换我的旧相机吗？ Would you live to give me your dictionary _ my ol
3、d camera? exchanged some pounds for exchanged a few words in exchange of adj.艰难的,严厉的,坚强的,坚固的 tough (1) get tough with sb. 对某人采取强硬/严厉措施 be tough on sb. 对某人严厉(=be hard on sb.) (2) toughness n. 力韧性;强健;有粘性;坚强 It is time to get tough _ those who break the traffic rules. Behind the tears is _. Dont _ (对.要
4、求过严) him-he was only trying to help. He is looking forward to _ (度过这段困难时期) as soon as possible. I do think the government should _ (对.采取强制措施) those companies which have caused serious pollution. with toughness be too tough/hard on going through the tough time get tough with n.警报;惊恐 vt.使警觉;使惊恐;惊动 ala
5、rm (1)Sound/Ring the alarm in case of fire. give the alarm to. 给发警报 He jumped up in alarm. We didnt take (the) alarm at the news. (2) adj. alarmed alarming The fact focused world attention on the polar regions, whose ice is melting at an _ rate. 一旦火警报警器拉响，所有的居民都要求在院子里集合。 Once _, all the residents ar
6、e required to assemble in the courtyard. alarming the fire alarm is sounded n. 贡献;捐款;捐赠 contribution (1)make contributions/a contribution to 对作出贡献; (2)contribute v. 捐献，贡献，捐助;促成 contribute to . 导致;向投稿;有助于 (3)contributor n. 捐赠者;投稿人 多种因素导致了他的衰落 Various factors _his downfall. 每个人都应当为保护环境做贡献。 Everyone sh
7、ould make a contribution to protecting the environment. contributed to 习惯于(做)某事 was used to They havent been used to staying at home for so longa time. (1)be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事(to是介词) (2)be used to do sth. 被用来做某事(被动语态) (3)Used to do 过去常常;过去曾经(而现在不再) She is used to _ (use) the cleaner，which is
8、 used _ (clean ) the house. Now he has got used to _ (get) up at five oclock every morning. Wood is often used _ (make) desks and chairs. Have you _ (习惯) the style of life in a strange country? using to clean getting to make been/got used to adv.幸运地;幸亏 Fortunately (1) unfortunately adv. 不幸的是 (2)fort
9、unate adj. 幸运的,侥幸的( = lucky) (3)fortune n. 财产,大笔的钱;机会,运气 seek/try ones fortune 找出路，碰运气 make a fortune 发财 She is fortunate enough _ (find) a job the moment she graduated from university. 澳大利亚金矿的发现使成千上万的相信会发财。 The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune _. to find was to
10、 be made vt. 吸引，使喜爱;招引;引起(反应) attracted (1)attractive adj. 漂亮的,有吸引力的 (2)attraction n. 吸引,吸引力;有吸引力的东西 It is one of the most _ places I have ever been looking forward to paying a visit to. The chairperson clapped _ (引起我们的注意). _ (最吸引我的是) in this job is its flexible working time. There are many tourist
11、attractions in Beijing attractive to attract our attention What attracts me most 如此.以至. sothat 这个男孩如此自信,我确信他能通过面试。 The boy is so confident that I am sure he can pass the interview. 这部电影如此之好，以至于我想再看一遍。 It is so good a film that I want to see it a second time. 有的洗据以至于我不知道哪一个是最好的。 There are so many opt
12、ions that I dont know which one is the best. so + + that adj./adv. adj.+a(n) +可数名词单数 many/few +可数名词复数 much/little +不可数名词 如此.以至. sothat so + + that adj./adv. adj.+a(n) +可数名词单数 many/few +可数名词复数 much/little +不可数名词 such+ + that a(n) +adj. +可数名词单数 adj. +可数名词复数 adj. +不可数名词 Table tennis is so interesting a
13、 game that people all over the world play it. Table tennis is _ interesting game _ people all over the world play it. He left in such a hurry that he forgot to lock the door. _ _ such an that He left so hurriedly that he forgot to lock the door. 本句为并列句，第一个分句中含有“as.as结构。 asas (1)as.as.结构表示同级比较，意为“和一样
14、”，两个as之间通常使用形容词或副 词的原级，其中第一个as是副词，第二个as是连词。 (2)as.as.结构可用于肯定句或否定句中，该结构用于否定句时可与“so.as.结构互 换。 (3) His bedroom is as neat as his elder sisters. He is as honest a man as you. Youve made as many mistakes as I have. I can carry as much paper as you can. This dress is twice as expensive as that one. as + a
15、dj. /adv. (原级) + as. as + adj. +a/an+可数名词单数+ as. as many+可数名词复数+ as. as much +不可数名词+ as. 该结构前若有修饰调twice, half等， 需要把修饰词置于第一个as前。 find+宾语+宾补 foundeasyenjoyable 我发现他相当自信。 I find him _. 我发现中国日报是一个学习英语的有用工具。 I find China Daily _ to learn English. 她转过身，发现一个男人在盯着她看。 She turned around and found a man _. 我发现
16、我的钱包在公共汽车上被偷了。 I found my wallet _. 他发现想在这个领域领先很困难。 He found _ difficult to get ahead in this field. more than a little confident a useful tool staring at her stolen on the bus it 我今晚有许多作业要做。 I have a lot of homework _ tonight. 有许多人在商店外边等。 There are a lot of people _ outside the store. 昨天晚上作了一个承诺。 There is a commitment _ last night. there be+名词+to do there wereto join (1)基本结构:there be+名词+非谓语动词 (2)常用的非谓语动词: to do, doing, done。 to do waiting made 表示主动，用doing;表示被动，用done;表示将来，用to do
