1、Unit 1 The written word 【文章导语】同学们一定都看过哈利 波特这部小说,但它的 作者及哈利 波特背后的故事或许你还不知道吧。 The Story of J.K.Rowling and Harry Potter The elder stateswoman of British fantasy literature is J.K.Rowling,the gifted creator of Harry Potter.Joanne Rowlings roots are in the southwest of England,where she grew up.But the i
2、dea for Harry Potter came to her while she was on a delayed train between Manchester and London.She wrote down her ideas on the back of an envelope.She then went to teach English in Portugal,where she continued to add flesh to the bones of the first Harry Potter story.But her name is forever associa
3、ted with Edinburgh in Scotland,where she lived and developed the format for the whole series of seven books. There are many anecdotes about how,in 1990,J.K.Rowling began the first draft of Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone.She had the extra burden of looking after her baby daughter while she w
4、orked,and because she was too poor to own a typewriter,she wrote by hand.She spent many hours over a single cup of coffee in a warm cafeteria in Edinburgh because she had no money to pay for the heating at home. Success was not swift and Rowling might have given up.But she was stubborn and overcame
5、all the difficulties.It was only in 1997 that she completed the first Harry Potter story,which,because the publishers in the USA requested an adjustment to t he title,was also known as Harry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone. Rowling always intended that her output would be a book every year until she
6、had finished the series.In fact,it took her about ten years to complete.But after the first book,the success of each of the following titles was automatic.The fifth book,The Order of the Phoenix sold about seven million copies the day it was published. 译文 J.K.罗琳和哈利 波特的故事 哈利 波特的天才般的创造者J.K.罗琳是英国魔幻文学的显
7、赫 人物。乔安妮 罗琳在老家英格兰的西南部长大。但是关 于哈利 波特的想法是在从曼彻斯特开往伦敦的延迟的火车上涌入 她脑海的。她把她的想法写在一个信封的背面。此后,她去了葡萄 牙教授英语。在那里,她继续给第一本哈利 波特小说的框架添加 血肉。但是她的名字永远和苏格兰的爱丁堡联系在一起,她生活在 那里并把整个系列的7本书的框架构思出来。 关于J.K.罗琳是如何在1990年开始哈利 波特与魔法石的第一 份草稿的,这里有许多趣闻。她在工作时,还要肩负另外的责任,那 就是照看小女儿。由于贫穷,买不起打字机,她只好手写书稿。因 为没钱支付家里的取暖费用,她会在爱丁堡一家温暖的自助餐厅里 要上一杯咖啡,然
8、后待上很长时间。 成功并非一帆风顺,罗琳曾经可能放弃。但她意志顽强并克服了所 有困难。直到1997年她才完成第一部哈利 波特小说,由于美国的 出版商要求调整书名,这本书也被称作哈利 波特与魔法石。 罗琳完成她的第一部小说后,打算每年写完一部一直到她完成整个 系列。实际上,完成这个目标花费了大约她10年的时间。继第一部 成功之后,随后而来的几本书的成功也就自然而然了。第五部凤 凰社仅在发行的当天就销售出去700万册。 词海拾贝 format /fmt/ n.设计;总体安排 anecdote /nIkdt/ n.轶事;趣闻 cafeteria /kftIrI/ n.自助餐厅 stubborn /s
9、tbn/ adj.顽固的;固执的 automatic /tmtIk/ adj.自动的;无意识的;必然的 难句剖析 It was only in 1997 that she completed the first Harry Potter story,which,because the publishers in the USA requested an adjustment to the title,was also known as Harry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone. 直到1997年她才完成第一部哈利 波特小说。由于美国的出版商要 求调整书名,这本书也
10、被称作哈利 波特与魔法石。 本句是强调句型。强调的是时间状语only in 1997。which引导的 是非限制性定语从句,指代先行词the first Harry Potter story,在定语 从句中做主语。because引导的是原因状语从句。 理解诱思 1.When J.K.Rowling added flesh to the bones of the first Harry Potter story,she . A.gave more details to the main idea B.created the other characters C.sold the story fo
11、r food D.finished writing the story 答案:A 2.What can we learn from the story of J.K.Rowling? 答案:We should face the difficulty bravely and try our best to overcome it. Section Welcome to the unit think;believe;find;consider等。构 成:feel/think/believe/find/consider+it+adj./n.+(for sb.) to do sth.。 “make+宾
12、语+省略to的不定式”变为被动语态时,to不能省略。 He was made to stay at home all day.( ) He was made stay at home all day.( ) 2 Many people do not read them,because they think classics are old and boring and have nothing to do with life today.(P2) 许多人不读经典文学作品是因为他们觉得它们过时了,枯燥乏味, 与今天的生活没有任何关系。 考点 have nothing to do with与没有关
13、系 Our decision has nothing to do with the fact that her father is on the committee. 我们的决定与她父亲是委员会成员没有关系。 That has nothing to do with what we were discussing. 那与我们所讨论的问题毫不相干。 考点延伸 阅读下列句子,指出黑体词组的含义。 That experience had something to do with my going into physics. 那次经历跟我进入物理行业有关。 含义 与有关 This problem is
14、closely connected with that one. 这个问题与那个问题有密切的联系。 含义 与有联系 I was related to the matter. 我和那件事有关联。 含义 与有关 have nothing/something to do with与没有/有关系 be connected with与有联系 be related to与有关 3 He first published many novels one chapter at a time in newspapers,and some were later performed on stage.(P2) 他的许
15、多小说起初是在报纸上连载的,每次一章,有一些则后来被 搬上了舞台。 考点 at a time每次;依次;逐一 I was unable to keep focused for more than an hour at a time. 我每次集中精力的时间不超过一小时。 You can borrow two books at a time from the library. 你一次只能从图书馆借两本书。 考点延伸 阅读下列句子,指出黑体词组的含义。 At one time they met frequently. 他们一度经常见面。 含义 曾经;一度 He went to the badmint
16、on club at times during his school days. 他上学时有时去羽毛球俱乐部。 含义 偶尔;有时 Hearing that his teacher was coming,the boy ran away in no time. 听说他老师来了,那男孩立刻跑开了。 含义 立刻;马上 His black-and-white pictures present a world almost lost in time. 他的黑白照片呈现了一个几乎迟早要消失的世界。 含义 及时;迟早 At no time should you give up studying. 你在任何时
17、候都不应放弃学习。 含义 决不;在任何时候都不 at a time每次;逐一;依次 at one time曾经;一度 at times有时;间或 at no time决不;在任何时候都不 in no time立刻;马上 in time及时;迟早 on time按时;准时 at no time位于句首时,句子的谓语要部分倒装。 At no time has he been late for school. 他上学从没迟到过。 4 Great Expectations is set in England in the early 1800s.(P3) 远大前程是以19世纪初的英格兰为背景。 考点
18、be set in以为背景 The novel is set in pre-war London. 这部小说以战前的伦敦为背景。 The film is set in the 18th century Paris. 这部电影以18世纪的巴黎为背景。 考点延伸 阅读下列句子,指出黑体词组的含义。 The company was set up 10 years ago. 这家公司是十年前建立的。 含义 建立 Wed better set some money aside for future use. 我们最好储蓄些钱以备将来之需。 含义 节省;保留 You must set about your
19、 work at once. 你必须立即开始工作。 含义 着手,开始做 【高考典句】(2020 全国)The next morning he hired a boat and set out to find the well-known painter. 第二天早上,他租了一艘船,出发去找那位著名的画家。 含义 出发,开始做 What time are you planning to set off tomorrow? 你打算明天几点钟启程? 含义 出发,启程 be set in以为背景 set about着手,开始做(doing sth.) set out出发,开始做(to do sth.)
20、 set off出发,启程 set aside节省;保留 set up建立 5 Pips sister often abuses him,but Joe is a kind and simple man who would rather die than see any harm come to Pip.(P3) 皮普的姐姐经常辱骂他,但乔却是一个淳朴、善良的人,他宁愿死 也不愿意看到皮普受到任何伤害。 句式剖析 本句是个复合句。but连接并列句,who引导的是定语从 句修饰man。定语从句中使用了“would rather do.than do.”结构, 意为“宁愿也不愿”,用以表达主语的意
21、愿,强调经过选择后 做其中一件事,而不愿做另一件事。 考点 would rather do.than do.“宁可(愿)(也)不要 (愿);与其不如” I said I couldnt stand it one minute longer.I would rather be in prison! 我说我一刻都不能忍受了。我宁愿去坐牢。 考点延伸 阅读下列句子,写出黑体部分的句式及其含义。 Which would you rather do,go to cinema or stay at home? 你愿去看电影还是待在家里? 句式 would rather do sth. 含义 宁愿做某事 I
22、 would rather that you had been there yesterday. 我宁愿你昨天去那儿。 句式 would rather +that从句 含义 宁愿某人做某事 I prefer staying at home to going to see a boring movie. 我宁愿待在家里也不愿去看无聊的电影。 句式 prefer doing.to doing. 含义 宁可(愿)(也)不要 (愿) He prefers to walk home rather than take a bus. 他宁愿步行也不愿乘公共汽车回家。 句式 prefer to do.rath
23、er than do. 含义 宁可(愿)(也)不要 (愿) (1)would rather(not) do sth.宁愿(不)做某事 would rather do Athan do B = prefer to do A ratherthan do B = prefer(doing) A to (doing) B 宁愿做A而不愿做B (2)would rather(that) sb.did sth.(与现在或 将来相反) sb.had done sth.(与过去 事实相反) 6 Pip,who is seven years old when the story begins,is in a f
24、oggy cemetery when a desperate criminal appears and frightens him.(P3) 故事开始时,七岁的皮普正在一个浓雾笼罩的墓地中,就在这时一 个铤而走险的罪犯突然出现了并恐吓他。 考点 desperate adj.铤而走险的;拼命的;绝望的 A desperate man will stop at nothing to get what he wants. 一个亡命之徒为了达到自己的目的什么事都做得出来。 He was desperate when he lost all his money. 当丢了所有的钱时,他绝望了。 考点延伸
25、阅读下列句子,写出黑体单词的词组、词性及其含义。 He is desperate to pass the entrance exam. 他很想通过入学考试。 词组 be desperate to do sth. 含义 很想做某事 He was desperate for work to provide for a large family. 他极需工作来养活一个大家庭。 词组 be desperate for 含义 极需,迫切需要 He fell into desperation on hearing the gloomy news. 听到这个令人沮丧的消息,他陷入了绝望。 词性 名词 含义
26、绝望 【高考典句】(2020 浙江)I ran desperately but failed to catch up. 我拼命跑,但没赶上。 词性 副词 含义 拼命地 be desperate for极需,迫切需要 be desperate to do sth.很想做某事 desperation n.绝望;拼命;铤而走险 desperately adv.绝望地,拼命地 7 There is a twist in the plot when a very generous stranger gives Pip a large fortune.(P3) 当一位非常慷慨的陌生人给了皮普一大笔钱的时候
27、,故事情节发生 了转折。 考点 generous adj.慷慨的,大方的;宽厚的,仁慈的 She was always very generous in her charity. 她行善时总是很慷慨。 She was generous enough to overlook my little mistake. 她非常宽宏大量,不计较我的小错误。 考点延伸 阅读下列句子,写出黑体词组或句式及其含义。 Try to be more generous with your money. 设法用钱大方一点。 词组 be generous with 含义 对于很慷慨 Try to be generous
28、in your judgment of others. 评价别人时要力求宽大为怀。 词组 be generous in 含义 在方面慷慨 He was generous to everybody with money. 他在金钱上对每个人都很大方。 词组 be generous to sb. 含义 对某人很慷慨 It was generous of her to contribute such a large sum. 她很大方,捐助了这么大笔钱。 句式 Its generous of sb.to do sth. 含义 某人真慷慨/宽宏大量 做 be generous with对于很慷慨 be
29、 generous in在方面慷慨 be generous to sb.对某人很慷慨 Its generous of sb.to do sth.某人真慷慨/宽宏大量做 8 Money and education,however,change him,and before long he becomes vain and ashamed of his background.(P3) 然而,金钱和教育改变了他,不久后他变得虚荣,对自己的出身感到 羞愧。 考点 vain adj.虚荣的,自负的;徒劳的,无结果的 She is a vain woman. 她是个虚荣的女人。 He is vain of
30、 his learning. 他对自己的学问很自负。 考点延伸 阅读下列句子,指出黑体词组的含义。 Money spent on the brain is never spent in vain. 花在脑子上的钱没有冤枉钱。 含义 徒然;白费力气 She was vain of/about her good looks. 她对她的美貌很自负。 词组 be vain of/about 含义 对虚荣的/自负的/自以为了不起 的 in vain徒劳,白费力气 be vain of/about对虚荣的/自负的/自以为了不起的 9 Pip dislikes it when Joe comes to vi
31、sit him in London.(P3) 当乔来伦敦看他时,皮普并不乐意。 句式剖析 句中it是宾语,dislike it when.是一个常用句型。 He disliked it when she behaved badly in front of his mother. 他讨厌她在他母亲面前举止不当。 I dislike it when I have to speak in French on the phone. 当我不得不用法语打电话时,我感到很讨厌。 考点延伸 阅读下列句子,指出黑体部分的句式及其含义。 I hate it if you say such things in pu
32、blic. 我讨厌你在大庭广众之下说那样的事。 句式 hate it if. 含义 讨厌 I would appreciate it if you could write me soon. 如能及时回信我将不胜感激。 句式 appreciate it if. 含义 感激 I like it when the weather is clear and bright in autumn. 我喜欢秋高气爽的日子。 句式 like it when. 含义 喜欢 appreciate,like,dislike,hate,enjoy后不能直接加句子,如果其后有从句 时,需加it做形式宾语,然后再接真正的宾
33、语从句。 10 Pip is bent on becoming a gentleman and winning Estellas love.(P3) 皮普一心要成为一名绅士,赢得埃斯特拉的芳心。 考点 be bent on (doing)sth.决心做某事 If you are bent on carrying out your plan,you should give your careful attention to it. 要是你决意执行你的计划,你应该仔细考虑一下。 He is bent on becoming an engineer. 他决心要做工程师。 考点延伸 阅读下列句子,指出
34、黑体部分包含的词组及其含义。 All eyes were bent on me. 大家都把目光投向我。 词组 be bent on 含义 专心于 He bent all his mind to studying. 他专心致志地学习。 词组 bend ones mind to sth. 含义 专心于某事 They refused to bend to the hijackers demands. 他们拒绝屈从于劫机者的要求。 词组 bend to 含义 屈服于;顺从于 be bent on (doing)sth.决心做某事;专心于 bend ones mind to sth.专心于某事 bend
35、 to.屈服于;顺从于 11 The film begins the same way as the novel doeswith Finn (Pip)meeting a violent criminal on the run from the police,and then with Finn going to a rich and crazy womans house to be Estellas companion.(P5) 影片的开头和小说的一样,费恩(皮普)遇上一个在躲避警察的粗暴 罪犯,后来费恩到了一位富有而行为古怪的妇人家里成了埃斯特拉 的伙伴。 句式剖析 本句是as引导的方式状
36、语从句。破折号后是两个并列的 with复合结构。 考点1 as引导的方式状语从句。 You must try to hold the tool as I do. 你必须像我这样拿工具。 Leave the things as they are. 别动这些东西。 考点延伸 阅读下列句子,指出黑体部分as引导的状语从句的类型。 As the population grew,people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. 随着人口增多,人们开始把大块食物切成小块,以便更快地煮熟。 状语从句的类型 时
37、间状语从句 As he is a tailor,he knows what to do with this material. 由于他是个裁缝,他知道怎样利用这块布料。 状语从句的类型 原因状语从句 Hard as it was raining,they went on working in the field. 虽然下着大雨,但是他们继续在田地里干活。 状语从句的类型 让步状语从句 You should do as the teacher tells you. 你应当依照老师所说的去做。 状语从句的类型 方式状语从句 He doesnt work as hard as I (do). 他不像
38、我工作那样努力。 状语从句的类型 比较状语从句 1)as表示“当的时候”,引导时间状语从句,多强调主句和从句中 的动作或状态同时发生,从句可放在主句前,也可放在主句后。 (2)as表示“因为”“由于”,引导原因状语从句,其语气不如because强, 通常为附加说明的理由,且是已知晓的原因,主句与从句没有逻辑 上的因果关系。 (3)as表示“虽然但是”,引导让步状语从句,从句通常用倒装 语序,把从句的表语、状语或动词原形放在as前面,可以用though替 代。 (4)as表示“按照”“依照”“像”,引导方式状语从句,从句置于主句之后。 (5)as表示“像一样”,引导比较状语从句,对主句和从句的动
39、作或 状态加以比较,说明它们之间有相似之处,在从句中常省略与主句 相同的部分。 考点2 with+宾语+doing结构 I wont be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill. 因为妈妈病了,我无法去度假。 With winter coming on,its time to buy warm clothes. 冬天来了,该买厚衣服了。 考点延伸 阅读下列句子,指出黑体部分with复合结构的类型。 With a lot of work to do,I cannot go out with you. 我有许多工作要做,不能和你一起出去了。
40、结构类型 with+宾语+不定式 With his homework finished,he went out to play. 完成作业后,他出去玩了。 结构类型 with+宾语+过去分词 He is used to sleeping with the window open at night in summer. 夏天的夜晚他习惯开着窗户睡觉。 结构类型 with+宾语+形容词 They went out of the room,with the light out. 他们关了电灯从屋子里走出来。 结构类型 with+宾语+副词 With a book in his hand,the teacher came into the classroom. 手里拿着一本书,老师走进教室。 结构类型 with+宾语+介词短语 常见的with复合结构: with+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语 with+宾语+doing(表主动、进行) with+宾语+done(表被动、完成) with+宾语+to do(表未做)
