1、 1. 祖父和父亲坐在桌旁，正在下棋。祖父和父亲坐在桌旁，正在下棋。 Grandfather and father, seated at the table, are playing chess. 2. 律师帮助人们并且受到他人的尊重。律师帮助人们并且受到他人的尊重。 Lawyers help people and are respected by others. 3. 你说过你想成为一名职业足球运动员。你说过你想成为一名职业足球运动员。 You said that you wanted to be a professional football player. 4. 你已经找到了适合你才能的
2、事业。你已经找到了适合你才能的事业。 You have found the career that suits your talents. 5. 你的未来将会有两种选择。你的未来将会有两种选择。 You will have two options for your future. 动词时态与语态动词时态与语态 动词动词 谓语动词谓语动词 时态、语态时态、语态 虚拟语气虚拟语气 非谓语动非谓语动 词词 不定式不定式 动名词动名词 分词分词 现在分词现在分词 过去分词过去分词 动词的分类动词的分类 时态和语态时态和语态(Tenses and Voices) 一一、时态时态 英语的时态从时间上看英语
3、的时态从时间上看，可分为可分为“现现 在在”、“过去过去”、“将来将来”和和“过去将过去将 来来”四大类四大类，每一类又根据动作发生的每一类又根据动作发生的 方式可分为方式可分为“一般一般”、进行进行、完成完成 和和完成进行完成进行四种情况四种情况，但英语中最但英语中最 常用的有十一种时态常用的有十一种时态。以以write为例为例， 其构成形式如下：其构成形式如下： 时态 现在 过去 将来 一般 进行 完成 write/ writes am/is/are writing have/has written wrote was/were writing had written will write
4、 will be writing will have written 另：另：现在完成进行时现在完成进行时： 过去将来时过去将来时： do be doing have done has/have been writing would do/ were to do 被动 语态 现在 过去 将来 一般 进行 完成 am/is are written am/is/are being written have/has been written was/were written was/were being written had been written will be written _ will
5、have been written 另另:过去将来时过去将来时： be done be being done have been done would be done/ were to be done 动词时态动词时态 一一.一般现在时态（一般现在时态（do/does式）：式）： 1.一般用法一般用法: 1表示现在经常性或习惯性的动作或状态表示现在经常性或习惯性的动作或状态,e.g. He often goes to the cinema. 2表示客观真理、科学事实表示客观真理、科学事实 、格言、格言 e.g. Summer follows spring. （客观规律）（客观规律） 3表示现在
6、的能力、特征、职业等表示现在的能力、特征、职业等 , e.g. He sings well.（能力）（能力）/ I play Pingpang well. 4主句是将来时态或表示将来意义主句是将来时态或表示将来意义,时间状语从句和条件时间状语从句和条件 状语从句状语从句须用一般现在时表将来须用一般现在时表将来,e.g.（主将从现主将从现） Ill write to her when I have time. 5表示按规定、时间表表示按规定、时间表 、计划要发生的动作，、计划要发生的动作，e.g. The train leaves at 12:00. 6在某些以在某些以here，there开头的
7、句子中，开头的句子中，e.g. Here comes the bus. often, usually, always, sometimes, never, every day, every morning, once a month, from time to time, regularly, occasionally.等等等等 二二.一般过去时态（一般过去时态（did式）式）: 1.基本用法基本用法: 1表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作,e.g. We often played together when we were children. 注注:表示过去习惯性的动作
8、表示过去习惯性的动作,可用可用would, used to, e.g.He used to work by bus. 2表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态: He bought the computer five years ago. 3一般过去时态用于某些特殊结构中表现在一般过去时态用于某些特殊结构中表现在,这些结构主这些结构主 要是要是its time,I wish, I would rather,if only yesterday, the day before yesterday, three days ago, in 2018, last year, the
9、n, at that time, just now, a moment ago, the other day 等等等等 三三.一般将来时（一般将来时（will/shall动原）动原）: 1.一般用法一般用法: 一般将来时基本用法：表示单纯的将来事实一般将来时基本用法：表示单纯的将来事实，e.g. We shall have a lot of rain next month. 2.表示将来时的常见用法及区别表示将来时的常见用法及区别: 1_表示某个意图没有经过事先考虑表示某个意图没有经过事先考虑,而是在说话的时候才而是在说话的时候才 决定做某事决定做某事,e.g. -You forget to
10、close the door. -Oh, Ill close it at once. 2_表示迹象表明要发生某事表示迹象表明要发生某事,e.g. Look at the dark clouds.Its going to rain. be going to do 还表示计划和打算还表示计划和打算 Im going to visit her tomorrow. 3_:命中注定的事命中注定的事,隐含在未来之中的事隐含在未来之中的事,也表计划和打也表计划和打 算。算。 I think we are to meet again many years later. 4_表示表示“即将即将”,其后不能接时间
11、状语其后不能接时间状语 Autumn is about to start. will do be going to do be to be about to tomorrow, next day/week/year, in the future, in three days, in 2020, many years later.等等等等 be about to do.when. 四四.现在进行时（现在进行时（ bev-ing ）: 1.基本用法基本用法:表示说话人在说话时正在进行的动作表示说话人在说话时正在进行的动作,或目前这或目前这 个阶段正在进行的动作个阶段正在进行的动作,e.g. Wer
12、e having a meeting. （说话时正在进行的动作说话时正在进行的动作） He is teaching in a school. (目前这个阶段正在进行的动作目前这个阶段正在进行的动作) 2.现在进行时表示将来现在进行时表示将来,主要表示按计划或安排要发生的动主要表示按计划或安排要发生的动 作作,e.g. Im leaving tomorrow. They are getting married next week. 3.现在进行时与现在进行时与always/constantly/continuously/forever 等连用等连用,表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩表示满意、
13、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩,e.g. Shes constantly changing her mind. now, at present, at this moment, these days, this month, look, listen等连用等连用 五五.过去进行时（过去进行时（was/were v-ing ） 1.一般用法一般用法:表示过去某一时间点正在进行的表示过去某一时间点正在进行的 动作动作, He was playing while I was studying. I was cooking at this time yesterday. 2.过去进行时与过去进行时与alw
14、ays/forever/constantly / continuously等连用等连用,表示满意、称赞、惊讶、表示满意、称赞、惊讶、 厌恶等感情色彩厌恶等感情色彩,e.g. They were always quarrelling. at that time, at this time yesterday, at 8 oclock yesterday, the whole afternoon等等等等 六六.将来进行时（将来进行时（will/shallbe v-ing） 1.基本用法基本用法:表示将来某一时间点正在进行的动表示将来某一时间点正在进行的动 作作,e.g. At 9:00 tomor
15、row, my son will be watching TV. 2.表示按计划或安排要发生的动作表示按计划或安排要发生的动作,e.g. Ill be taking my holidays soon. Well be visiting London next week. 3.用于问句用于问句,表客气或委婉的语气表客气或委婉的语气.e.g. Will you be having some tea? When will you be paying back my money? at 5 oclock tomorrow, this time next Friday, in ten years fro
16、m now, 等等等等 七七.现在完成时（现在完成时（have/hasp.p.） 1.基本用法基本用法: 表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在并且已经完成，对现表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在并且已经完成，对现 在造成的影响，可能持续发生下去在造成的影响，可能持续发生下去 2.用现在完成时的典型场合用现在完成时的典型场合: 1It has been/is +时间段时间段+since+一般过去时一般过去时 It has been three years since we last saw each other. 2“It/This is the first （second/third）timethat
17、从句（现在完成时）”从句（现在完成时）” It/This is the first time that I have come to Zhejiang. 3It/This/That is the 最高级最高级 that从句从句 It/This/That is the most interesting book that I have ever read. （注注:以上句型把以上句型把is改为改为was,则从句时态相应改为过去完成时态）则从句时态相应改为过去完成时态） just, already, yet, never.before, so far, up to now, until now,
18、till now, in the past few years, in the last few years, since+时间点，时间点， for+时间段，等等时间段，等等 八八.过去完成时（过去完成时（had p.p.） 1.基本用法基本用法:用好过去完成时用好过去完成时,关键在于理解它的时间是关键在于理解它的时间是 _。 He had left when I arrived. 2.want /think/hope/plan/mean/expect/intend/suppose 等动词的过去完成时不定式的一般式（等于这些动词等动词的过去完成时不定式的一般式（等于这些动词 的一般过去式后接不
19、定式的完成式）的一般过去式后接不定式的完成式）,表示过去为曾实表示过去为曾实 现的愿望、打算、想法等现的愿望、打算、想法等e.g. I had meant to come, but something happened. I meant to have come, but something happened. I had intended to speak at the meeting, but time didnt permit. I intended to have spoken at the meeting, but time didnt permit. “过去的过去”“过去的过去”
20、by , until, by the end of had hoped/thought/expected intended/meant hardly.when. no sooner.than. 3.一些特殊句型中的过去完成时一些特殊句型中的过去完成时: 1“It/This/That was the first （second/third）time that从句”或“从句”或“It/This/That was the onlythat 从句”或“从句”或“It/This/That was the 最高级最高级 that从从 句”从句中谓语用过去完成时。句”从句中谓语用过去完成时。 2by（ th
21、e end of ）过去时间）过去时间,句中谓语用过去完成句中谓语用过去完成 时时,e.g. We had learnt 3,000 words by the end of last term. By 8:00a.m. yesterday, we had arrived the park. 3by the time一般过去式一般过去式,主句中谓语用过去完成主句中谓语用过去完成 时时,e.g. By the time he came back, we had repaired the machine. 4Hardly had主语主语p.p. when 一般过去时一般过去时 No sooner h
22、ad主语主语p.p. than一般过去时一般过去时e.g. No sooner had he gone to the garden than his son went to play with his classmates. Hardly had he heard the news when he cried. 九九.将来完成时（将来完成时（will/shallhave p.p.） 1.基本用法基本用法:既表示到将来某一时间为止势必会完成的动既表示到将来某一时间为止势必会完成的动 作或预计要完成的动作作或预计要完成的动作,e.g. When we get there, shell have g
23、one to work. 2.by（ the end of ）将来时间）将来时间,句中谓语用将来完成句中谓语用将来完成 时时,e.g. We will have learnt 3,000 words by the end of next term. by the end of+将来将来 时间时间 十十.现在完成进行时（现在完成进行时（have/has been v-ing） 一般用法一般用法:表示现在以前一段时间里一直在进行的动作表示现在以前一段时间里一直在进行的动作, 这一动作可能仍在进行这一动作可能仍在进行,也可能已停止也可能已停止,e.g. It has been raining sin
24、ce two days ago. 十一十一.过去将来时（过去将来时（would动原）与一般将来时相似。动原）与一般将来时相似。 表示在过去提到的将来表示在过去提到的将来 eg. He said he would come tonight. 时态语态做题技巧时态语态做题技巧 1. 找准时间状语找准时间状语 2. 没有明确的时间状语看语境、看句意没有明确的时间状语看语境、看句意 3. 找其他的动词找其他的动词 (look, listen) 4. 看是否是特殊的句式看是否是特殊的句式 5. 语态语态: 看动词和主语的关系是主动看动词和主语的关系是主动or被动被动 The passengers on
25、the plane_(offer) an in-flight snack. The room_(clean) when he arrived. were offered had been cleaned Exercises: 1. I usually _ up at 6:00, but yesterday I _ up at 7:00 and tomorrow I _ up at 6:30. (get) 2. Listen! Someone _ (knock) at the door. 3. He fell asleep while he _ (read) a book. 4. I _ nev
26、er _ (hear) of that man before. 5. My brother often _ (go) for walks last summer. 6. Lily said she _ (put) on the new dress the next day. 7. If it _ (not rain) tomorrow, they _ (go) fishing. 8. By the time I _ (walk) into the classroom, the teacher _ (start) teaching. get will get got is knocking wa
27、s reading have heard walked had started doesnt rain will go would put went Unit 3 Family matters 单元语法单元语法 单句语法填空单句语法填空 1 Christmas is the most important festival in the western world. It _ (fall) on December 25th. 2Although he has retired, every now and then he often recalls his teaching life. After
28、 all he _ (work) as a teacher for 35 years. 3Have you ever seen Peter recently? Yes. He _ (ask) me to ask you how you _ (get) along with your job these days? falls has worked asked are getting Unit 3 Family matters 4A woman who _ (sit) with her son made eye contact with me and asked me to come to he
29、r. 5John and I _ (be) friends for eight years. We first _ (get) to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _ (see) each other a couple of times before that. was sitting have been got had seen Unit 3 Family matters Pair work: 1. Finish activity 2 on page 29 by yourself. 2. Discuss your answers with your partner. 3. Share your answers with the class. has, called, will throw, will give, likes, am thinking of, will love, have finished 学 科 网 创原家独 Unit 3 Family matters Describe the table with your own words. Use as many of the tenses in Activity 1 as possible. Thank you very much!
