1、 Observe these colored words from this unit. 1. Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple. 2. . sculpt a sculpture. 3. When we . see rain ., we can say its raining . 4. WHO =pine+apple =sculpt+ure(suffix) n. v. =World Health Organization Abbreviation 缩略法缩略法 Conversion 转化法转化法 Derivation 派生法派生法 Com
2、pounding 合成法合成法 缩略法主要采取“截头”、“去尾”或缩略法主要采取“截头”、“去尾”或 者“既截头又去尾”的方法生成新词者“既截头又去尾”的方法生成新词。 Abbreviation (缩略法缩略法) by abbreviating phone math/maths ad fridge flu plane telephone airplane Mathematics advertisement refrigerator influenza CD ( compact disk) CCTV( China Central Television) NBA (National Basketb
3、all Association) UFO( unidentified flying object) UN( United Nations) USA( United States of America) 另外还有许多缩写词是由各个单词的另外还有许多缩写词是由各个单词的 首字母组成。首字母组成。 Conversion（转化法）（转化法） by changing the part of speech 一个词从一种词类转化为另一种或几种一个词从一种词类转化为另一种或几种 词类的方法称为词类的方法称为“转化法转化法”。如名词如名词, 形形 容词转化为动词容词转化为动词。 The child was ey
4、eing the chocolate cake. She took a drink from the glass and then put it down. You must slow down or youll make yourself ill. n.v.，意为，意为“注视注视 v.n.,意为意为“饮料饮料 adj.v.,意为意为“放慢速度放慢速度 Derivation (派生法派生法) by adding a predix or suffix 派生词一般有前缀派生词一般有前缀(prefix)+单词单词，或单或单 词词+后缀后缀(suffix)构成构成。 前缀前缀+单词单词一般不改变原词的
5、词性，但要一般不改变原词的词性，但要 引起词义的变化，一部分可构成反义词。引起词义的变化，一部分可构成反义词。 I dislike waiting for anything. I had completely misread his intentions. mis-+read, 意为意为“误解误解 dis-+like, 意为意为“不喜欢，厌恶不喜欢，厌恶 前缀前缀 单词单词+后缀后缀一般不改变原词的基本含义，一般不改变原词的基本含义， 只改变其词性。只改变其词性。 There is a growing need for qualified teachers of Business Englis
6、h. teach+-er, 表示人，意为表示人，意为“教师教师 They will introduce a new washer to the public. wash+-er, 表示物，意为表示物，意为“洗衣机洗衣机 Not all people can make this achievement. achieve+-ment，抽象名词，意为，抽象名词，意为“成就，成就， 成绩成绩 后缀后缀 sunflowersunflower sunsun flowerflower Compounding (合成法合成法) by combining two or more words 复合名词复合名词 1
7、. 名词名词名词名词 sunglasssunglass sunsun glassglass moonlightmoonlight moonmoon lightlight bookshelfbookshelf bookbook shelfshelf firemanfireman firefire manman 2. 形容词名词形容词名词 loudspeaker, midnight, blackboard, software, mainland 3. v-ing名词名词 waiting-room, sitting-room 4. 动词名词动词名词 playground, watchtower, c
8、hopsticks, washroom handwriting, thanksgiving, roller-skating 5. 名词名词v-ing 6. 动词副词动词副词 get-together, break-through 7. 副词名词副词名词 downfall, outbreak e. : f. 副词副词v-ed: well-known g. 形容词名词形容词名词: mid-east, round-trip h. 其它其它: up/downstairs, everyday, take-away, outdoor, one-way, part-time, two-month, seco
9、ndhand, mouth-to-mouth, so-so, on-line, so-called, five-year-old 复合形容词复合形容词 1. 形容词名词形容词名词ed kind-hearted, short-sighted 2. 形容词形容词v-ing good-looking, easy-going 3. 副词副词v-ing hard-working, ever-lasting 4. 名词名词v-ing English-speaking, peace-loving 5. 名词名词v-ed man-made, air-borne 6. 副词副词v-ed well-known,
10、well-balanced 7. 形容词名词形容词名词 mid-east, round-trip downstairs, everyday, take-away, outdoor, one-way, part-time, two-month, secondhand, so-so, on-line, so-called 8. 其它其它 复合副词复合副词 其他其他 复合动词复合动词 over + come = overcome fifty + four = fifty-four 复合数词复合数词 everyone, somebody, anything, nobody down + stairs
11、= downstairs whole + heartedly = wholeheartedly 复合代词复合代词 (副词副词+动词动词) (不定代词不定代词+名词名词) ( 形容词形容词+名词名词) (副词副词+副词副词) a Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple. b sculpt a sculpture c When we see rain, we can say “its raining” d WHO P17 1 1. abbreviating 2. changing the part of speech 3.adding a pref
12、ix or suffix bining two or more words Match the colored words to the types of word formation. Can you find more examples of each type in the reading passage? 1 abbreviating: IT, US 2 changing the part of speech: When we see snow, we can say its snowing. 3 adding a prefix or suffix: paintpainting, ha
13、rdhardly, softsoftly, harmharmless / harmful, shameshameless / shameful, visibleinvisible 4 combining two or more words: hamburger, eggplant, seasick, airsick, carsick, homesick, homework, housework P17 1 penfriend well-known incorrect unhappy improvement calm presenting WTO ASAP Complete the passag
14、e with the help of word formation. 用括号中所给合成词的适当形式填空。用括号中所给合成词的适当形式填空。 network, high-speed, forever, peace-loving, face-to-face, long-term 1. We are going to take the _ train to Xian tomorrow, so an early arrival at the station is advised. 2. Andy got angry with you yesterday, so you need to have a _
15、 conversation with him. 3. I will remember the great moment when I got my diploma _. high-speed face-to-face forever 4. The American television _ CBS broadcast the award ceremony across the country last Sunday. 5. It is a _ plan, so we have enough time to collect money for it. 6. China is a _ countr
16、y and the Chinese people are friendly. network peace-loving long-term network, high-speed, forever, peace-loving, face-to-face, long-term Types of words formation 1. Abbreviation 缩略法缩略法 2. Conversion 转化法转化法 3. Derivation 派生法派生法 4. Compounding 合成法合成法 GrammarGrammar FocusFocus 1. How many types of wor
17、d formation do you know? What are they? 2. Can you list more examples? 1. (2019年全国卷年全国卷 I) It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been _ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide. 2. (2019
18、年全国卷年全国卷 II) Her years of hard work have_ (final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名提名)her to be Cheshires Woman Of The Year. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. Its _ (wonder). poorly finally wonderful I. 实战高考实战高考. 3. (2018 全国卷全国卷I) The bes
19、t exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise . its probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to _ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and its always _ (energy). 4. (2018 全国卷全国卷II) A t
20、aste for meat is _ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. This switch has decreased _ (pollute) in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30
21、 percent of total _ (globe) fertilizer consumption. strengthen energetic actually pollution global book sea fire over under friend sun court day wide II. Match the compound words after the model. shop spread burnt light yard fighter ground coat ship side 1. The fire lasted about 4 hours before the _
22、 could control it. 2. At school she formed a close _ with several other girls. 3. They decide to spend their holiday at the _. 4. He put on a hat and _ before he went out. 5. His friends live above the _. firefighters friendship Fill in the blanks with the words. seaside overcoat bookshop seaside fi
23、refighter overcoat underground friendship sunburnt courtyard daylight widespread 6. Lucy enjoys travelling by _. Thats how she goes to work every day. 7. The children are playing happily in the _. 8. The skiing instructor was a tall, _ man. 9. It looks different in _. 10. Computers are now in _ use.
24、 underground courtyard sunburnt daylight widespread seaside firefighter overcoat underground friendship sunburnt courtyard daylight widespread 1. 他们正搬着些水。他们要去浇花。他们正搬着些水。他们要去浇花。 They are carrying some _. They are going to _ the flowers. 2. 她又年轻又漂亮。她又年轻又漂亮。 She is young and _. 3. 在海滨你很快就能晒黑。在海滨你很快就能晒黑
25、。 You would be _ quickly on the beach. 4. 他高度评价了这一成就。他高度评价了这一成就。 He rated the _ high. III. Translate the following sentences. water water good-looking sunburnt achievement 1. Find out their meanings of the abbreviations bellow and try to find some more. (you can surf the Internet for help) GSM ATM CPA SOHO CET GNP MPA CBD MBA API GDP GNP 2. Finish the exercise Part 3 on P17.
