1、Unit 1 句子成分和句子类型句子成分和句子类型 July.22.2020 句子成分(词性的问题) 一个完整的英语句子，至少由两部分组成（祈使句除外）主语和谓语。主语是 句子叙述的主体，表明这句话描述的是什么，谓语则用来说明主语的情况，它在人 称和单复数形式上应与主语保持一致。 例如：我忘记了。 我愿意！ 主要成分：主语和谓语 次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语、插入语 主 语 谓 语 定 语 宾 语 同 位 语 状 语 地点 时间 I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday. 主主 谓谓 表表 宾补宾补 定定 状状 宾宾
2、 abbreviation: S - subject V - verb P - predicative O - object Attri.-attribute Adv.- adverb Oc - object complement Sc -subject complement parenthesis 主补主补 插入语插入语 主语（主语（subject） 是一个句子陈述的对象，整个句子围绕主语展开，通常位于句首。是一个句子陈述的对象，整个句子围绕主语展开，通常位于句首。 通常由通常由n，pron，numeral,不定式不定式to do，动名词，动名词V-ing，或名词性，或名词性 从句从句充当。
3、充当。 Mr Ma is our English teacher. She made a rush for canteen. One plus four is five. To see is to believe. Fighting with others is not right. What he did is good for you. （名词） （代词） （数词） （不定式） （动名词） （句子） 形式主语与真正主语（formal subject and real subject） 主语是不定式、动名词或从句时，常会放到句尾， 用it作形式主语放于句首，主要是为了保持句子结 构前后平衡，
4、避免头重脚轻，it无实际意义，真正 的主语是后面的不定式，动名词或从句。 eg: Its necessary to study English well. Its a pity that you didnt went to Johns party. Its no use arguing about it. 谓语（谓语（verb） 是对主语的进一步描述，主要说明主语是对主语的进一步描述，主要说明主语做什么做什么或者或者保持某种状态。保持某种状态。 一般由一般由V.充当充当,放在主语之后。放在主语之后。 v 实义动词 系动词 情态动词 助动词 (1)简单谓语：由简单谓语：由V.或者或者V.词组词组
5、充当充当 He often reads newspapers. The plane takes off at 10. (2)复合谓语：复合谓语：“情态情态V或助或助V+V”；“连系连系V+表语表语” You must come here early. She is talking with her friends. 系动词 1）be动词（am,is ,are,was,were,been,being） She is just a pupil. 2）持续系动词，表示主语继续或保持一种状况，如keep, remain, stay He will keep silent when asked toug
6、h questions. 3）表像系动词，用来表示看起来像，有seem, appear, look, He seems very tired. 4）感官系动词，主要有feel, smell, sound, taste，look That sounds great. I like rabbits. I dont like him. How many chairs do you want? - I want 40. We should help the old in need. I hope to get your wish. Do you like swimming？ You should wr
7、ite down what he said My mom is under the tree. （名词 ） ( 代词） (数词) (名词化的形容词) (三)宾语（object） （不定式） （动名词） （句子） 一般位于一般位于vt.和和prep.之后之后,是动作的承受者。通常由是动作的承受者。通常由n,pron,numeral, 不定式，动名词，名词化的形容词，介词短语不定式，动名词，名词化的形容词，介词短语 （介词短语） 宾语分为宾语分为直接宾语直接宾语(direct object) 和和间接宾语间接宾语(indirect object). 直接宾语指物直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人间接宾语指
8、人. He gave me some books. 间接 宾语 （承受者） 直接 宾语 （对象） Please pass me a cup of coffee. Can you borrow me your pencil ？ （四）表语（四）表语(predicative) 系动词后的部分就是表语 Miss Li is a Math teacher. You looks so happy. This is what I want. My job is to teach English. （五）定语（五）定语（adjective） 修饰限定性的词，短语或句子，通常翻译为修饰限定性的词，短语或句子，
9、通常翻译为“.的的”， 根据位置不同，分为根据位置不同，分为前置定语前置定语(通常为单个单词通常为单个单词)， 后置定语（短语或句子）。后置定语（短语或句子）。 She is a beautiful girl. That is a lemon tree. There are 45students in our class. Do you know Bettys sister? The girl in red is my sister. Harbin is the province of Heilongjiang which is located in the northern China. 状
10、语分为：地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、让步、条件、程度、 方式和伴随等状语。 （六）状语（adverbial） This book is very interesting. Luckily，I caught the last bus. They are playing basketball，while I am doing housework. I often get up at 6. We all call him Laoli. We made him our monitor. I think it necessary to do exercise. Foreigners are calle
11、d Lao Wai. （七）补语 补充说明作用的成分，使主语，或者宾语的意义完整，相应地称 为“主语补足语”，“宾语补足语” （八）同位语 两个指同一事物的句子成分，一个句子成分修饰另一个，起说明解释作用 的成分就叫做另一个成分的同位语。 Are you three all right？ Mom，this is my teacher，Mr. Ma. Yaoming, the famous basketball star, will come to our school. （九）插入语 附加的解释 To be frank, I dont quite agree with you. This ,
12、I think, is the best way to help them. 基本句型： 1.主谓 He died. We laugh(ed). 2.主谓宾 谓语：实义动词 He often reads newspapers. 3.主谓表（主系表）谓语：系动词 be动词： 感官动词：look，smell，taste，sound，feel 变化：become，get，turn，grow，fall 保持：keep,stay,remain, stand 4.主谓双宾 5.主谓宾宾补 I bought him a dog. You should keep the room clean and tidy
13、. We made him our monitor. 1.We keep the table clean. 2. They talked for half an hour. 3. The weather became warmer. 4.I want to have a cup of tea. 5. He is playing. 6.I told him how to run the machine. 7.I saw them getting on the bus. 8.He understands English. 1.She passed him a new dress. 2.They painted the door green. 3.She laugh at her. 4.She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 5.He asked me to come back soon. 6. His face turned red. 7. The dinner smells good. Thank you！
