1、 十年高考真题分类汇编（十年高考真题分类汇编（2010-2019） 英语英语 专题专题 21 社会生活、说理议论类阅读理解社会生活、说理议论类阅读理解 (2010安徽安徽阅读理解阅读理解 E) The need to feed a growing population is putting much pressure on the words supply of water.With 97% of the words water too salty to be drunk or used in agriculture,the wordwide supply of water needs car
2、efull management， especially in agriculture .Although the idea of a water shortage(短缺) seems strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a high rainfall country,many of the words agriculture industries experience constant water shortages. Although dams can be built to store water for agriculture
3、use in dry areas and dry seasons,the costs of water redistribution(重新分配) are very high.Not only is there the cost of the engineering itself,but there is also an envitonmental cost to be considered.Where valleys(山谷) are flooded to create dams,houses are lost and wildlife homes destroyed.Besides,water
4、 may flow easily through pipes to fields,but it cannot be transported from one side of the world to the other.Each country must therefore rely on the management of its own water to suply its farming requirements. This is particularly troubling for countries with agricultural industries in areas depe
5、ndent on irrigation(灌 溉).In Texas,farmers overuse of irrigation water has resulted in a 25% reduction of the water stores.In the Central Vally area of southwestern USA,a huge water engineering project provided water for farming in dry valleys,but much of the water use has been poorly managed. 73.Sau
6、di Arabias attempts to grow wheat in desert areas have seen the pumping of huge quantities of irrigation water from underground reserves.Because there is no rainfall in these areas, such reseWhich of the folloeing is true? A.The water stores in Texas have been reduced by 75. B.Most industries in the
7、 world suffer from water shortages. C.The underground watet in Saudi Arabia might run out in 50 years. D.Good management of water use resulted from the project in the Central Valley. 74.What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows? A.Steps to improving water use management. B.Wa
8、ys to reduce the cost of building dams. C.Measures to deal with worldwide water shortages. D.Approaches to handling the pressure on water supply. WWW. The text is mainly about_. A.water supply and increasing population B.warer use management and agriculture C.water redistribution and wildlife protec
9、tion D.water shotages and environmental protection rves can only decrease,and it is believed that fifty years of pumping will see them run dry. 72. From the first two paragraphs we learn that . A. much of the words water is available for use B. people in high rainfall countries feel lucky C. the cos
10、ts of water redistribution should be considered D. water can be easily carried through pipes across rhe world (2010四川四川阅读理解阅读理解 B) Boiler rooms are often dirty and steamy, but this one is clean and cool. Fox Point is a very new47-unit living building in South Bronx, one of the citys poorest areas. T
11、wo-thirds of the people living there are formerly (以前) homeless people, whose rent is paid by the government. The rest are low-income families. The boiler room has special equipment, which produces energy for electricity and heat. It reuses heat that would otherwise be lost to the air, reducing carb
12、on emissions(碳排放)while also cutting costs. Fox Point is operated by Palladia, a group that specializes in providing housing and services to needy, people. Palladia received support from Enterprise Community Partners (ECP), which helps build affordable housing by providing support to housing develope
13、rs. ECP has created national standards for healthy, environmentally (环境方面) clever and affordable homes which are called, the Green Communities Standards. These standards include water keeping, energy saving and the use of environmentally friendly building materials. Meeting the standards increases h
14、ousing construction costs by 2%, which is rapidly paid back by lower running costs. Even the positioning of a window to get most daylight can help save energy. Michael. Bloomberg, New Yorks mayor, plans to create 165,000 affordable housing units for500,000 New Yorkers. Almost 80% of New York Citys g
15、reenhouse-gas emissions come from buildings, and 40% of those are caused, by housing. So he recently announced that the citys Department of Housing and Preservation and Development (DHPD) , whose duty is to develop and keep the citys supply of affordable housing, will require all its new projects to
16、 follow ECPs green standards. Similar measures have been taken by other cities such as Cleveland and Denver, but New Yorks DHPD is the largest city developer of affordable housing in the country. 45. What is the purpose of describing the boiler room in the first paragraph? A. To explain the measures
17、 the city takes to care for poor people. B. To suggest that affordable housing is possible in all areas. C. To show how the environment-friendly building works. D. To compare old and new boiler rooms. 46. What is an advantage of the buildings meeting the Green Communities Standards? A. Lower running
18、 costs. B. Costing less in construction. C. Less air to be lost in hot days. D. Better prices for homeless people. 47. It can be learned from the text that, A. New York City is seriously polluted B. peoples daily life causes many carbon emissions in New York City C. a great number of people in New Y
19、ork City dont have houses to live in D. some other cities have developed more affordable housing than New York City 48. What is the main purpose of this text? A. To call on people to pay more attention to housing problems. B. To prove that some standards are needed for affordable housing. C. To ask
20、society to help homeless people and low-income families. D. To introduce healthy, environmentally clever-and affordable housing. 【解析】本篇文章为说明文。作者以 Fox Point 居住群的 boiler rooms 为切入点，阐述此类房子的 环保节能的优点，以及各城市特别是纽约队建造此类建筑的积极响应。 45. C 从第一段最后两句，作者描述开水房仅是从一个侧面展示整个建筑群的节能，环保，可以得 出答案。 46. A 依据文章第三段倒数第二句：Meeting th
21、e standards increases housing construction costs by 2%, which is rapidly paid back by lower running costs.可得到答案。句意为“达到这一标准会将建筑成本提高 2%，但很快会被它的低成本运行成本补回” 47. B 依据文章第四段第二句：Almost 80% of New York Citys greenhouse-gas emissions come from buildings, and 40% of those are caused, by housing.可得出答案 48. D 本文主要
22、让读者了解这类健康、环保、经济类住房。 (2011重庆重庆阅读理解阅读理解 C) Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt. In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that wash
23、ing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with d
24、irt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out. Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nic
25、e neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War . Advertisements repeatedly sell
26、 the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far? Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spr
27、ead of disease.On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist(免疫学家)，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground. 64. The kings of France and England in the 16th century closed bath houses because . A. they lived
28、healthily in a dirty environment. B. they thought bath houses were too dirty to stay in C. they believed disease could be spread in public baths D. they considered bathing as the cause of skin disease 65.Which of the following best describes Henry IVs attitude to bathing? A. Afraid. B. Curious. C. A
29、pproving. D. Uninterested. 66. How does the passage mainly develop? A. By providing examples. B. By making comparisons. C. By following the order of time. D. By following the order of importance. 67. What is the authors purpose in writing the passage? A. To stress the role of dirt. B. To introduce t
30、he history of dirt. C. To call attention to the danger of dirt. D. To present the change of views on dirt. 【解析】本文以时间为序，讲述了人们对待污垢的态度。大多数人都认可我们应该讲究卫生，事 实上人们也一直是这么在做的，但现在，专家却有不同的观点，正可谓是“不干不净，吃了不生毛病。 ” 64. C 细节题。根据 A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had clos
31、ed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546.可知当时英法两国的国 王之所以关闭公共澡堂，是因为他们认为那儿很危险，是疾病的传播地。 65. A 推理判断题。根据 Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should no
32、t go out.可知 Henry IV 很脏，几乎从不洗澡，而且命令国民也不能出去洗澡。可以推断他是十分 害怕洗澡的。 66. C 组织结构题。全文以时间为序，介绍人们对 Dirt 的观点的转变。 67. D 写作意图。全文以时间为序，客观介绍人们对 Dirt 的观点的转变。 (2011湖北湖北阅读理解阅读理解 E) Which are you more likely to have wath you at sny given mementyour cell phone or your wallet? Soon you may be able to throw your wallet awa
33、y and pay for things with a quick wave of your smart phone over an electroue scannet. In January, Starbucks announced that customers could start using their phones to buy coffee in 6,800 of its states. This is the first pay by phone practice in the U.S., but were likely to see more witeless payment
34、alternatives as something called ucar field communcation(NFC)GETS IN TO Americas consumet electanies. Last Deccmbet some new smart phanes which cantain an NFC chip were introduced to the midlit. Already in use in part of Asia and Europe, NFCtheir plan a few incees live a payment tetminal a one a few
35、 ptaht need to be worked out, like who will get to collect the profitable trunsacian(交易)fees. Although some credit card providers have been experimenting with wave and pay systems that use NFC enabled credit cards, cellphone service providers truay try to mused their way into the point of sale (POS)
36、market. Three big gellphone service providers have formed a joinf tenture(合资企业)that will go into opention over the next i15 months. Its goal is“to lead the U.S. payments industry from cards to mobile phone.” The other big NFC sue, apart from how paymeats will be processed, is security, For instance,
37、 whats to stop a thief from digitally pickpocketing you? “Were still not at the point where an attacker can just brush against yee in a crowd and steal all the money out of your phone,”says Jimmy Shah. A mobile security rescarcher, “Usera may also be able to set transaction timeits,requiring a passw
38、ord to be enteced for larger putchases. Bus siness? Keep in mund you lost your smart phone, it can be located on a located on a map and remotely ned Plus, your phone can be password protected, Your wallet isnt. 67.What is predicted to happen in the U.S.? A.The expansion of cellphone companices. B. T
39、he boom of pay by phone business. C. The dissppearanceof credit cards. D. The increase of Starbucks sales.s 68.The NFC technology can be used to_. A. ensure the safety of shoppers B. collect transaction fees easily C. make purchase faster and smpler D. improve the quality of cellphones 69.Three cell
40、phone service providers form a joint venture to_. A. strengthen their relationship B .get a share in the payments industry C .sell more cellphones D. test the NFC teehnoingy 70.According to the what can users do if they lose their smart phones? A. Stop the luneting of niet phones. B .Stop a passwant
41、. C .Cat all the money out of their phones. D. Can large purchases. 【解析】 67答案 B推理预测题根据文章Soon you may be able to throw your wallet away and pay for things with a quick wave of your smart phone over an electroue scannet可知，不久后，你就可以使用智 能手机支付文章Already in use in part of Asia and Europe，NFCtheir plan a few
42、 incees live a payment tetminal a one a few ptaht need to be worked out， like who will get to collect the profitable trunsacian fees 也写到，在欧洲和亚洲已经应用手机支付可推测在美国也将掀起这股热潮故选 B 68 答案 C 细节理解题 根据文章were likely to see more witeless payment alternatives as something called ucar field communcation（NFC）GETS IN TO
43、 Americas consumet electanies可知，NFC 是一个付款 程序AD 错误根据NFCtheir plan a few incees live a payment tetminal a one a few ptaht need to be worked out，like who will get to collect the profitable trunsacian fees可知，NFC 不收取交易费故选 C 69答案 B细节理解题根据文章Three big gellphone service providers have formed a joinf tenture
44、that will go into opention over the next i15months Its goal isto lead the U S payments industry from cards to mobile phone可知，这三个手机商组成一个合资公司，为了促进市场份额故选 B 70答案 A细节理解题根据文章Keep in mund you lost your smart phone，it can be located on a located on a map and remotely ned Plus，your phone can be password prot
45、ected可知，如果你手机丢失， 你可以启用定位追踪和远程禁用故选 A (2012广东普宁英才侨中、建新高中月考广东普宁英才侨中、建新高中月考) Normally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he attends gives him a credit which he may count towards a degree.In many American universities the total work for a degree
46、consists of thirty- six courses, each lasting for one semester.A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester.Normally a student would expect to take four years attending two
47、 semesters each year.It is possible to spread the period of work for the degree over a longer period.It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice. For every course that he follows a studen
48、t is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to future employers.All this imposes a constant pressure and stress of work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs.Elections to positions in student organizat
49、ions arouse much enthusiasm.The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities.Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating has to appear before a student court.With the enormous numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve a certain am
