1、Section C Developing ideas 贴 6. n.闪光 7. v.传导(热、电) draft declaration experiment fiction attach flash conduct 8.scientific adj. 9.entirely adv. 10.gravity n. 11.account n. 12.proof n. 13.procedure n. 14.metal n. 科学(上)的 完全地,彻底地 重力,引力 记述,描述 证明,证据 程序,步骤,手续 金属 重点短语 1.apart from 2.be well known as 3.introd
2、uce.to 4.instead of 5.at that time 6.be attached to e up with 8.hit sb on the head 除了 作为闻名 把介绍给 而不是 那时 附于 提出 击中某人头部 9.随同一起,跟一起 10.死于 11.对有贡献;促成 12.倒出;倾吐,倾诉 13.得出结论 14.在的指示下 15.关注,聚焦于 along with die from contribute to pour out draw a/the conclusion under the instructions of focus on 重点句式 1.But scient
3、ists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key,he would certainly have died from the electric shock. 2.In fact,more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple,there is no proof that it hit him on the head. .介词填空 1.Apart their house in London,t
4、hey also have a villa in Spain. 2.It felt like Id had two babies instead one. 3.The boiling water is so hot that I ought to pour the water a cup to make it cold. 4.The problem of pollution arises along the rapid development of industry. 5.I believe that each of us can contribute the future of the wo
5、rld. from of into with to .阅读导学 根据P32-P33课文内容,选择正确答案 。 1.What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A.The details of Franklins experiment. B.The social background situation in 1752. C.The preparation of Franklins experiment. D.The weather situation of Franklins experiment. 答案 A 2.For many years,we lea
6、rn from the story of Franklins experiment,EXCEPT that . A.the method of Franklins experiment is safe B.Franklin was very brave to make the experiment C.scientific experiments are important to the truth D.the method of Franklins experiment is scientific 答案 A 3.Which part of Franklins experiment is no
7、t true,according to the passage? A.The detail about the key. B.The detail about the kite. C.The detail about the string. D.The detail about his action. 答案 D 4.What is the purpose of the story of Newton? A.To show the accepted story is true. B.To show Newton was brave to bear the hit of an apple. C.T
8、o show Newton was lucky to find the theory of gravity. D.To show the accepted story is questioned by the scientists. 答案 D 5.What can we learn from the passage? A.Scientists agreed that Franklin found the electricity. B.Franklin did not make the experiment with lightning. C.We should not always belie
9、ve everything we read or hear. D.Newton was hit by an apple on the head to find his theory of gravity. 答案 C 重点词汇 1.Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and helped draft the Declaration of Independence.(教材P32) 本杰明 富兰克林(17061790)是美国的开国元勋之一,并帮助起草 了独立宣言。 【词汇
10、精讲】句中的declaration为名词,意为“声明,宣告”,此处为不 可数名词。此外,declaration还可以表示“申报;申报单,声明书”,当表 示“申报单,声明书”时,为可数名词。 She read the declaration aloud for everyone to hear it clearly. 为了使大家都能听得清楚,她将宣言大声读了一遍。 Please show your customs declaration form. 请出示你的海关申报单。 【词汇拓展】 declare vt.宣布;声明;表明;宣称 declaration of. 宣告 declare for/a
11、gainst 表示赞成/反对 declare war (on/against) (向)宣战 These events led to the declaration of war. 这些事件导致了宣战。 When they asked him for his opinion,he declared strongly against the policy. 他们向他征求意见时,他声明强烈反对这项政策。 2.Benjamin Franklins famous experiment with lightning has introduced generations of children to sci
12、ence.(教材P32) 本杰明 富兰克林的有名的闪电实验让一代代的孩子们了解了科学。 【词汇精讲】句中的experiment是名词,表示“实验”的意 思,experiment用作名词时既可作可数名词,又可作不可数名词;此 外,experiment还可以用作不及物动词。 You neednt worry and this experiment was harmless to the animals. 你不必担心,这个实验对动物是无害的。 This experiment turned out to be a failure,but,as we know,success often comes a
13、fter failure. 这个实验最终失败了,但众所周知,失败是成功之母。 【词汇拓展】 experiment in做方面的实验 experiment on/upon 在上做实验 experiment with 以/用做实验 He experimented in painting at home. 他在家中试着作画。 Dont experiment with such dangerous drugs. 不要用这种危险的药物做实验。 3.A metal key was attached to the string.(教材P32) 一把金属钥匙被绑在了绳子上。 【词汇精讲】句中的attach为及
14、物动词,表示“系上”,常跟介词to搭 配使用,这里用作被动语态。同时,attach还有“(使)与有联系;认 为重要;使依附”的意思。 During the operation,Mr Liu had a new hand attached.在手术中,刘先 生被接上了一只新手。 【词汇拓展】 attach.to.将附在 attach importance/significance/value to. 认为有重要性/意义/价值(to为介词) attached adj.依恋的;附属的;喜欢的 be attached to 喜欢;依附于;隶属于 Society,schools and families
15、should attach great importance to hardship education for all students. 社会、学校和家庭都应该重视对全体学生的艰苦教育。 This hospital attached to the medical college was destroyed in the earthquake. 医科大学附属医院在地震中被毁了。 She is very attached to her family and friends. 她非常爱家人和朋友。 4.A flash of lightning hit the kite,and electrici
16、ty was conducted through the string to the key.(教材P32) 一道闪电击中了风筝,电通过绳子传到了钥匙上。 【词汇精讲】句中的conduct 是及物动词,意为“传导(热、电)”。此 外,还表示“实施;进行;指挥;引导”。conduct也可作名词,意为“行为; 举止;管理”。 The negotiations have been conducted in a positive manner. 谈判是以积极的方式进行的。 Im glad to hear of your good conduct at school. 听到你在学校表现良好,我很高兴。
17、【词汇拓展】 conductor n.(乐队等)指挥;列车长;售票员 conduction n.传导 a bad/good conduct恶劣的行为/良好的行为 under the conduct of在指导/管理下 conduct oneself 举止得体 He stands alone as a conductor of modern symphonic music. 他是一名杰出的现代交响音乐指挥。 I expect you to conduct yourself professionally. 我希望你们能以职业精神要求自己。 5.But scientists all agree th
18、at if Franklin had actually touched the key,he would certainly have died from the electric shock.(教材P33) 但是科学家们都认为如果富兰克林真接触了钥匙,他可能早就死于 电击了。 【词汇精讲】句中的die from意为“死于”。 Forty thousand children a day die from preventable diseases.每天有4 万个孩子死于本可以预防的疾病。 Take the case of that patient;he did not die from it.
19、以那个病人为例,这并不是他的死因。 【易混辨析】 die from 由外部原因造成的死亡 die of 用于死因存在于人身体之内 【词汇拓展】 die away(尤指声音、光、风)逐渐消失,停止;自行消失 die out 灭绝,消失 The firing finally began to die away in the late afternoon. 临近傍晚时枪炮声终于渐渐停息。 People sometimes die of treatable conditions. 人们有时死于可治之症。 If we stopped at that,the human race would die ou
20、t. 要是我们拘泥这一点,那么人类就会绝迹。 6.Some have even questioned the story about the apple that fell on Newtons head and led him to come up with his theory of gravity.(教材P33) 有些人甚至质疑那个苹果的故事,故事中,苹果砸中了牛顿的头,从 而促使他提出了他的重力理论。 【词汇精讲】句中的come up with意为“提出”,是及物动词短语。 Several of the members have come up with suggestions of
21、their own. 有几位成员提出了自己的建议。 The president was moved to come up with these suggestions after the hearings. 听证会后,总统想出了这些建议。 【词汇拓展】 come up走近;上来;发芽;发生;被提出 come about 发生 come across 穿过(路、桥);(偶然)遇见;发现 come out 出来;(书等)出版;发行 come to 苏醒;总计;达到;谈到 when it comes to.当谈到 New shoots of bamboo will come up from arou
22、nd the roots of the old ones. 新的竹笋将从旧根的周围长出来。 I came across my old college classmate in the park today.我今天在公 园遇到我大学的老同学了。 Im sure it will all come out all right in the end. 我敢肯定最后结局会很好。 【名师点睛】come up with意为“提出”,主语(多是人)是提出者,后 面的宾语才是被提出的内容;come up意为“被提出”,其主语(多是物) 是被提出的内容,无被动语态。 7.In fact,more than one
23、 account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple,there is no proof that it hit him on the head.(教材P33) 事实上,不止一种说法表明,虽然牛顿的灵感来自一个掉落的苹果, 但没有证据表明它击中了他的头部。 【词汇精讲】句中的account是名词,意为“论述,描述”。此外,还表 示“账户;账目;考虑”。account作动词时,意为“认为,看作;解释,说 明”。 The report presents a faithful account of
24、the event. 这篇报告如实地记述了那次事件。 Some banks make it difficult to open an account. 一些银行把开户弄得很麻烦。 The students all account her a qualified teacher. 学生们都认为她是一名合格的教师。 【词汇拓展】 accountant n.会计;会计师 keep an account of记录 on account of因为,由于 take account of/take.into account 考虑 on no account 绝不 account for 说明/解释的原因;(
25、数量、比例上)占 The match was postponed on account of the weather. 基于天气关系,比赛延期进行。 On no account should we ignore the value of knowledge. 我们决不应该忽视知识的价值。 The minority nationalities account for six per cent of the population. 少数民族占人口的百分之六。 重点句式 1.But scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched
26、the key,he would certainly have died from the electric shock.(教材P33) 但科学家们都认为,如果富兰克林真的碰到了钥匙,他肯定早就死 于电击了。 【句式剖析】agree后面是that引导的宾语从句,宾语从句中包含了 if引导的条件状语从句。宾语从句使用了虚拟语气,表示对过去情 况进行不切实际的假设。表示与过去事实相反的假设时,条件状语 从句的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”,主句中的谓语动词用 “would/should/could/might+ have +过去分词”。 If you had taken my advice,you
27、 wouldnt have failed in the examination. 假若你听从我的建议,你就不会考试不及格了。 If I had known your address,I would have written to you. 假如我知道你的地址,我早就给你写信了。 【句式拓展】 (1)表示与现在事实相反的假设时,条件状语从句中的谓语动词用一 般过去式 (be的过去式通常用were),主句中的谓语动词用 “would/should/could/might+动词原形”。 (2)表示与将来事实相反的假设时,条件状语从句中的谓语动词用 “were to/should+动词原形”,或用一般
28、过去式,主句中的谓语动词用 “would/should/could/might +动词原形”。 (3)当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不 一致时,通常被称为“错综虚拟语气”,动词的形式要依据它所表示的 时间进行相应的调整。 (4)在条件句中,可以省略if,把系动词were、助动词had或情态动词 should提到句首,成为倒装句式。 (5)有时,虚拟语气中并不出现if引导的条件句,而用其他形式(比如 without,but for)来代替条件句,通常称之为“含蓄虚拟语气”。 If I were in your position,I would accept their of
29、fer. 如果我处在你的位置,我就接受他们的提议。 If the sun were to rise in the west,I would follow you. 假如太阳从西边升起,我就听你的。 If you had taken the medicine yesterday,you might be well today. 如果你昨天吃了药,你的病也许今天就好了。 Had you been here earlier,you would have seen him. 要是你早点来的话,你就会见到他。 But for your help,I couldnt have made so much p
30、rogress. 要不是你的帮助,我就不会取得这么大的进步。 2.In fact,more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple,there is no proof that it hit him on the head.(教材P33) 事实上,不止一种说法表明,虽然牛顿的灵感来自一个掉落的苹果, 但没有证据表明它击中了他的头部。 【句式剖析】suggest后面是that引导的宾语从句,在从句中包含了 while引导的让步状语从句和that(第二个)引导的同位语
31、从句。 while在此处意为“虽然;尽管”,表示让步,相当于although,通常位于 句首。 While/Although I admit his good points,I can see his shortcomings. 虽然我承认他的优点,我还是能看到他的缺点。 While/Although theyre expensive,they last forever and never go out of style. 尽管价格昂贵,但它们经久耐用,永不过时。 【句式拓展】 while作连词的用法: (1)while意为“而,然而”,作并列连词用,表示前后两者的对比。 (2)while意为
32、“只要”,表示条件。 (3)while引导时间状语从句,从句中的动作或状态一般是持续性的。 (4)while从句中的省略。当while从句中的主语与主句的主语一致, 且含有be的某种形式时,从句中的主语连同be可同时省略。 There is plenty of rain in the southeast,while theres little in the northwest. 东南部雨量充足,而西北部则很少下雨。 We can surely overcome these difficulties while we are closely united. 只要我们紧密地团结一致,一定能克服这些
33、困难。 While Mary was writing a letter,her children were playing in the yard. 玛丽写信时,她的孩子们在院子里玩。 While in prison,she wrote her first novel. 她在狱中写出了第一部小说。 高分写作 如何写好实验报告 假如今天在物理老师的帮助下,你们做了一个有趣的实验。请根据 以下实验步骤,用英语写一篇80词左右的短文。 1.准备一支蜡烛、一个盆和一些水,一个比蜡烛稍高些的玻璃杯。 2.将蜡烛置于盆底,并向盆中倒入一些水。 3.点燃蜡烛,将玻璃杯罩在蜡烛上。 4.当蜡烛熄灭后,看到玻璃
34、杯中水面高于盆中水面。 参考词汇:盆 basin 一、审题定调 1.确定体裁:本单元的写作是实验报告,属于说明文。按照实验报告 的格式,写作内容包括五个方面:Aim实验目的; Apparatus实验器 材;Method实验步骤;Result实验结果;Conclusion实验结论。 2.确定人称:本文的主要人称为第一人称。 3.确定时态:时态以一般现在时为主,对实验过程的描述可用一般过 去时。 二、谋篇布局 就本篇习作而言,我们可以把全文分为三部分。 第一部分:说明实验的来源(课上物理老师做的实验); 第二部分:说明实验的器材、实验步骤; 第三部分:说明实验结果并进行评价。 三、短文模板 Tod
35、ay,we carried out (实验具体名称). Before we started,we prepared (准备物品).First, (实验第一步).Then (实验第二步).What we had to do was (等待结果). To our astonishment, (实验最终结果).What an interesting experiment lesson we had! 四、组织语言 1.核心词汇 实施 carry out 实验 experiment 准备 prepare 倒入 pour into 覆盖 cover.with 使我们惊讶的是 to our astonis
36、hment 2.高级句式 (1)今天,在物理老师的帮助下,我们在课堂上进行了一个有趣的实 验。 (with复合结构) Today,with the help of our physics teacher,we carried out an interesting experiment in class. (2)我们准备了一支蜡烛、一个盆、一个玻璃杯和一些水。 We prepared a candle,a basin,a glass and some water. (3)蜡烛一直立在盆底,一些水被倒进盆里。(被动结构) The candle was kept standing at the bo
37、ttom of the basin and some water was poured into the basin. (4)我们点燃了蜡烛,用充满空气的玻璃杯覆盖着它。(现在分词短 语作状语) We lit the candle,covering it with the glass that was full of air. (5)我们要做的是等到蜡烛熄灭。(主语从句) What we had to do was wait until the candle went out. (6)令我们吃惊的是,我们看到玻璃杯里的水位比盆里的水位高。 (that指代) To our astonishmen
38、t,we saw that the water level in the glass was higher than that in the basin. 五、连句成文 参考范文 Experiment Report Today,with the help of our physics teacher,we carried out an interesting experiment in class. Before we started,we prepared a candle,a basin,a glass and some water.By the way,the glass was a l
39、ittle higher than the candle.First,the candle was kept standing at the bottom of the basin and some water was poured into the basin.Then we lit the candle,covering it with the glass that was full of air.What we had to do was wait until the candle went out. To our astonishment,we saw that the water l
40、evel in the glass was higher than that in the basin.What an interesting experiment lesson we had! .单句填空 1.The scientist referred to the (discover) as the most exciting new development in this field. 答案 discovery 2.Why do we need to issue a (declare) from this summit? 答案 declaration 3.The little prob
41、lems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great (invent). 答案 inventions 4.Neither your restaurant nor mine (offer) a balanced diet. 答案 offers 5.She hit me on back heavily and at that moment I couldnt help crying. 答案 the 6.Nobody can (entire) keep away from this competitive world.
42、答案 entirely 7.Can you account your movements on that night? 答案 for 8.This fact is too evident to require (prove). 答案 proof 9. (electricity) heaters have their electric energy transformed into heat. 答案 Electric 10.Their (brave) deserved to be praised. 答案 bravery .课文语法填空 Benjamin Franklins famous expe
43、riment with lightning has introduced 1. (generation) of children to science.However,new research suggests that the story may be fiction instead 2. fact. Franklin 3. (fly) a kite during a storm in 1752,when there was much interest in electricity.Franklin raised the kite with a piece of string 4. (tie
44、) to it.A metal key was attached to the string.After 5. experiment,he said that lightning was a form of electricity. generations of flew tied the However,neither the story 6. the details of the experiment are entirely true because scientists all agree that if Franklin had 7. (actual) touched the key
45、,he would certainly have died from the 8. (electricity) shock.Scientists often question accepted ideas because they want 9. (establish) the facts. In science,facts should 10. (prove) by experiments and research,and we should not always believe everything we read or hear. nor actually electric to establish be proved
