1、2020/11/61 初高中衔接课初高中衔接课 句子成分句子成分 和和 基本句型基本句型 2020/11/63 英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千 变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系 ，找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五 种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种 基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下： 基本句型一： + （主谓） 基本句型二： + + （主系表） 基本句型三： + + （主谓宾） 基本句型四： + +IO +D（主谓间宾直 宾） 基本句型五： + + +（主谓宾宾补） 基本句型 一 + +（主谓）（主谓）
2、 此句型的句子有一个共同特 点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达 完整的意思。 这类动词叫做不及物动词， 后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状 语从句等。 （不及物动词动词 ） 1. Time 2. The moon 3. The man 4. We all 5. They 6.He 7.They flies. rose. cooked. eat, and drink. talked for half an hour. is playing have gone 1. I studied in Guangming Primary School from 1984 to 1990. 2. This morning
3、 we met at the school gate and went there together 3. The time passed quickly. 4. Great changes have taken place in our hometown these years. 5. The car didnt stop but drove off at great speed. 基本句型 二 + + + +（主系表）（主系表） 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语 动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个 表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能 表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动
4、词。常见 的系动词就是be动词 （是系动词动词 ） (表语语) 1. This 2. The dinner 3. He 4. Everything 5. He 6. The book 7. The weather 8. His face is smells(闻闻) felt looks is is became turned an English dictionary. good. happy. different. tall and strong. interesting. warmer. red. 1. He looked unhappy at that time. 2. My favou
5、rite sports are swimming and skating. 3. I am very good at English. 4. I was so pleased to hear from you. 5. On the other side of the road there is a new classroom/teaching building. 基本句型 三 + + + +（主谓宾）（主谓宾） 此句型句子的共同特点是：谓 语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生 的动作，但不能表达完整的意思， 必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受 者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫 做及物动词。 （实义动词实义
6、动词 ）(宾语宾语 ) 1. Who 2. She 3. He 4. He 5. They 6. I 7. He knows laugh at understands made ate want said the answer? her. English. cakes. some apples. to have a cup of tea. Good morning. 1. Last year I won first prize in the school computer competition. 2. In my spare time I enjoy listening to popular
7、 music and collecting stamps. 4. We also planted a lot of trees in and around the school. 3The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle. 5. In the evenings I can watch news on TV or read newspapers. 基本句型 四 + + +IO +IO +（主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾） 此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语 动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意 思。这两个宾语一个是动作
8、的直接承受者 ，另一个是动作的间接承受者。 通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连 接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承 受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。 （及 物） I（多 指人） D（多指物） 1. She 2. She 3. He 4. I 5. I 6. He passed cooked bought gave told showed him her you him him us a new dress. a delicious meal. nothing. a hand. how to run the machine. that the bus was late. 常见接双宾语的及物动词：
9、 Bring ,hand,lend,mail,pass,pay,post,return, Send,show,teach,take,tell,throw,write,sell Sb sth=.sth to sb Make.buy,cook,choose,draw,fetch,get,order, pick,prepare,save,sing sb sth=.sth for sb 1. Mr Wang taught us English last year. 2. Tomorrow Ill write him a letter and tell him the good news. 3. The
10、y offered him a job, but he turned it down. 4. On my 14th birthday, Father bought me a new bike. 5. It took me two hours to finish my homework last night. 基本句型 五 + + + + + +（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补） 此句型的句子的共同特点是 ：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只 跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意 思，必须加上一个补充成分来补 足宾语，才能使意思完整。 （及物 ） （宾语宾语 ） （宾补宾补 ） 1. We 2. They 3. Th
11、ey 4. They 5. What 6. We 7. He 8. I keep painted call found makes saw asked saw the table the door supper the house him him me them clean. green. dinner. dirty. sad? out. to come back soon. getting on the bus. 1. I saw the kids/children playing by the river at that time. 2. We are making our country
12、 more and more beautiful. 3. When I got to the classroom, I found nobody in. 4. I had my wallet stolen on a bus yesterday afternoon. 5. I noticed Kate reading in the library all the morning. 6. I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way. 7. The school made it a rule that the stude
13、nts should stand up when class begins. 1. There isnt going to be a meeting tonight. 2. There was only a well in the village. 3. There is (are) a teacher of music and a teacher of art in the school. 4. The weatherman says therell be a strong wind in the afternoon. 5. Once, there lived an old fisherma
14、n in a village by the sea. 1.They work hard. 主 + 谓 2.The flower is dead. 主 + 系 + 表 3.Plants need water. 主 + 谓 + 宾 4.He gives me some seeds. 主 + 谓 + 间宾 + 直宾 5.We should keep the plants in the shade. 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补 6.Many animals live in trees. 主 + 谓 除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前 面或后面增加一些修饰语而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是 单
15、词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型 的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。下 面以基本句型五（v+o+o.c）为例： We found the hall full. 我们发现礼堂坐满了。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。 We found
16、 the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the Peoples Daily on current affairs in East Europe. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的 一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。 不同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样，因此在学习动词时，应掌握 动词的类型。以 get 为例： Hes getting angry. (S V P) He got through the window. (S V
17、 O) Youll get a surprise. (S V O) He got his shoes and socks wet. (S V O C) He got himself into trouble. (S V O C) He got her a splendid present. (S V I0 DO) 在句子中词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思: I found the book easily. 我很容易地找到了这本书。S V O ） I found the book easy. 我觉得这本书很容易。 （S V O C） I have to do something. 我得做点事
18、。 I have something to do. 我有点事做。 找出句子的主干 1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. 2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. 5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two. 6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child. 7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so. 8.
19、What he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it? 9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree. 10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music. 28 A Lebanese who had left the country for Syria during the conflict between Israel and Hizbollah, returns with her family following the ceasefire,
20、 at the Lebanon- Syria border in Magdel Anjar August 14, 2006. S + V A 53-point win over South Korea wrapped up a perfect Asian exhibition tour for a star-studded U.S. team on its way to the world championships. S + V + O Even though there may be a tendency in some rare families to live extraordinar
21、ily long, the genetic influence that emerged from the studies of twins was significantly less than much of the public and many scientists think it is. S+V+P Josephine Tesauro, left, active and healthy at 92, is part of a study trying to determine why some people age better than others, even when they are closely related.
