1、Section Learning About Language .核心词汇及拓展 1_ n. 流域；盆地；盆 2_ n. 企鹅 3_ vt. 使生效；贯彻；执行 4_ adj. 适度的；中等的；温和的 vi. & vt. 缓和；使适中 5_ adj. 热带的；来自热带的 6_ n. (热带)丛林；密林 basin penguin implement moderate tropical jungle 7_ vt. (过去式_，过去分词_) 经历；经受(变化、不快等) 8_ adj. 每年的，一年的，n.年刊；年鉴 _ adv. 每年 9_ vi. & vt. 改革；(使)改正；改造 n. 改革；
2、变革；改良 10_ n. 混乱；杂乱；紊乱 11_ adj. 原子能的；核能的；原子核的 12_ adj. 敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的 undergo underwent undergone annual annually reform chaos nuclear sensitive .核心词汇讲解 1in search of 寻找；寻求 She went into the kitchen in search of a drink. 她进了厨房，想找点喝的。 The rescue workers were working hard in search of those survivors in
3、 the flood. 救援人员正努力寻找洪水中的那些幸存者。 归纳拓展 “inn.of”型的其他短语： in praise of 称赞，歌颂 in possession of 拥有 in favour of 支持，赞同 in charge of 负责，管理 in need of 需要 in memory of 为纪念，为追悼 in honour of. 为向表示敬意 即学即练 用“inn.of”型短语完成句子 The villagers in polluted areas walk very long distances _clean water every day. My parents
4、arent _ me going abroad for education, fearing that Im too young to take care of myself. The meeting started with three minutes silence _ those who had died in the earthquake. The manager is now _ a capable assistant that he can count on to cope with problems in his absence. The person who is _the f
5、actory has been in hospital since last week. in search of in favour of in memory of in need of in charge of 名师点津 in search of短语中search前不加任何修饰词。 2on behalf of 代表(或代替某人)；为了(某人)；为帮助 (某人) On behalf of my company I would like to thank you all. 我谨代表我的公司向你们所有人表示感谢。 Im very glad to put on a performance here
6、 on behalf of our school.我很高兴在这里代表我们学校进行演出。 She gave a piano recital on behalf of a charity. 她为帮助一个慈善机构举办了一场钢琴演奏会。 They campaigned on behalf of the victims of the war. 他们为这场战争的受害者发起了运动。 即学即练 完成句子 我代表这里的每个人祝愿你归国途中一切顺利。 _ everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey when you go back to your country. O
7、n behalf of 联想拓展 on behalf of和represent都可以表示“代表”， 前者是短语介词，后者是动词。 Discover Useful Structures Grammar直接引语变间接引语直接引语变间接引语 诵读下列例句并感知画线部分的共性。 1She said to me, “I came back an hour ago.” 2He said (that) he wanted to buy a dictionary. 3He told me (that) he liked English very much. 4She said, “Did you see hi
8、m last night？” 5“You have finished the homework, havent you？” my mother asked. 6“What do you want to eat tonight？” he asked me. 7She asked me when I would go there and help her. 共性呈现 1句1、4、5、6中，画线部分均放在了引号内部，为直接 引语。 2句2、3、7中，画线部分均为宾语从句，没有使用引号 为间接引语。 语法精释 直接引语变间接引语(陈述句和疑问句) 1直接引语和间接引语 引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法
9、：直接引述别人的原 话，叫作直接引语(direct speech)。用自己的话转述别人的话， 叫作间接引语(indirect speech)。 一般来讲，直接引语前后要加引号；间接引语不用加引 号，常用宾语从句来表达。 He said, “Im a student.”(直接引语) He said that he was a student.(间接引语) 2直接引语变为间接引语时句子结构的变化 (1)直接引语为陈述句 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时用连接词that引导 (that在口语中常省去)，that从句之前常用say，tell等引述动词。 He said, “My father ne
10、ver talks much about the war.” He said that his father never talked much about the war. (2)直接引语为一般疑问句或反意疑问句 直接引语如果是一般疑问句或反意疑问句，变为间接引语 时用连接词whether或if引导，常用的引述动词(短语)为ask， wonder, want to know等。语序是陈述句的语序，这一点非常重 要。 He said, “Do you have any difficulty with your pronunciation？” He asked (me) whether/if I
11、 had any difficulty with my pronunciation. He said, “You are interested in English, arent you？” He asked whether/if I was interested in English. (3)直接引语为选择疑问句 直接引语如果是选择疑问句，变为间接引语时用连接词 whether或if引导。但句中出现or not时，只能用whether。 He asked, “Do you speak English or French？” He asked me whether/if I spoke Eng
12、lish or French. (4)直接引语为特殊疑问句 直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，原来的疑 问词作为间接引语的引导词，常用的引述动词(短语)为ask， wonder，want to know等。疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。 He asked, “Whats your name？” He asked (me) what my name was. 即学即练1 把下列直接引语变为间接引语 “I am having breakfast，” he said. He said that _having breakfast. “Ive seen the play，” Gina said t
13、o me. Gina _ me that she _ the play. The teacher said, “The sun is bigger than the earth.” The teacher said that the sun _ bigger than the earth. “I met her yesterday，” he said to me. He told me that he _ met her the day _. “You can come here before eight，” he said. He said that I _ go _ before eigh
14、t. he was told had seen is had before could there “Did you read the book last week？” he said. He _ _ I had read the book the week _. He said, “You can sit here, Tom.” He _ Tom that he _ sit there. He asked, “How did you find the lost necklace, mother？” He asked his mother _ found the lost necklace.
15、“Where have you been these days？” he asked. He asked me _ been _ days. “Do you know where she lives？” he asked. He asked _ knew where she _. asked if/whether before told could how she had where I had those if/whether I lived He asked Tome，“When will you buy the red coat？” He asked Tom _buy the red c
16、oat. “Whats wrong with you？” Lily asked me. Lily asked me _ with _. when he would what was wrong me 3.直接引语变为间接引语时，人称、时态、指示代词、时 间状语、地点状语和动词等都要发生相应的变化 (1)人称的变化规则：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。 直接引语 间接引语 例 句 引述内容中的 第一人称 与主句主语的人 称保持一致 He says，“I like maths very much.”He says that he likes maths very much. 引述内容中的 第二人称
17、 与主句宾语的人 称保持一致 He said to Lily，“You must get up early.”He told Lily that she must get up early. 引述内容中的 第三人称 保持不变 She said to me，“They want to help him.”She told me that they wanted to help him. (2)时态的变化规则 主现从不限；主过从四过(即4种过去的时态：一般过去 时；过去进行时；过去将来时；过去完成时)；客观真理，只用 一般现在时。 主句是一般现在时，从句可保留原时态(任意时态均 可)。 主句是过去
18、时态，从句用相应的过去时态。即一般现在 时改成一般过去时；现在进行时改成过去进行时；一般将来时 改成过去将来时；一般过去时、现在完成时用过去完成时；过 去完成时不变。 He said，“He has gone home.” He said that he had gone home. 主句是过去时态，从句讲述客观真理时，从句仍用一般 现在时。 Our teacher told us，“The moon moves round the earth.” Our teacher told us the moon moves round the earth. (3)指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和个别动
19、词的变化 直接引语 间接引语 指示 代词 this these that those 时间 状语 now today tonight this week yesterday the day before yesterday last week three days ago tomorrow next week then that day that night that week the day before two days before the week before three days before the next day/the following day the next week
20、/the following week 地点 状语 here there 动词 come bring go take 特别注意 直接引语变为间接引语后，引述的话不用改变 语序的情况有： 当who为主语时，变为间接引语后语序为：who谓语 其他。 What is the matter with.？和What is wrong with.？ 句式在间接引语中不改变语序。 He asked me， “What is the matter with you？” He asked me what was the matter with me. 4引述动词 直接引语为祈使句，变成间接引语时，要根据句意及说
21、话 人语气使用ask, order, tell, suggest, advise, beg, request, command, warn, remind等动词转述。 “Make sure the light is off，” she said to her students. She told her students to make sure the light was off. “Dont cry any more，” he said to his little brother. He asked his little brother not to cry any more. 5句式变化
22、 (1)直接引语为Do型祈使句 直接引语中引述的原话为Do型祈使句，变为间接引语时， 用“引述动词sb.to原祈使句内容”。常用的引述动词有 ask，tell，order，command等。 “Tom, stop playing computer games！” said Mother. Mother ordered Tom to stop playing computer games. (2)直接引语为Dont型祈使句 直接引语中引述的原话为Dont型祈使句，变为间接引语 时，用“引述动词sb.notto去掉Dont的原祈使句内 容”。常用的引述动词有tell，warn，remind等。 T
23、he teacher said, “Dont be late again, Lily.” The teacher told Lily not to be late again. Tom said, “Dont forget to bring the book to me.” Tom reminded me not to forget to bring the book to him. (3)直接引语为Lets型祈使句 直接引语中引述的原话为Lets型祈使句，变为间接引语 时，通常用“suggest动名词短语/that从句”或“advisesb.不 定式短语/advisethat从句”。 He
24、said, “Lets go to the theatre.” He suggested going to the theatre./He suggested that we (should) go to the theatre. 特别注意 suggest(建议)和demand(要求)不能接sb. to do sth. 的结构，可以接that sb.(should) do sth.来转述。 直接引语表示建议或劝告 直接引语中引述的原话为Would you mind.? /Why dont you.？/Why not.? /Shall we？等表示建议、提议或劝告的句 子，变为间接引语时，通常用
25、ask/advise sb. to do sth., offer to do sth., suggest doing sth.或suggestthat sb.(should) do sth.等。 “Would you mind opening the window？” he asked. He asked me to open the window. “Why dont you take a walk after supper？” he asked. He advised me to take a walk after supper. “Shall we listen to the music
26、？” he asked. He suggested listening to the music./He suggested that we (should) listen to the music. 6其他变化 引述原话为祈使句的直接引语转换成间接引语时，人称、 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等的改变依据直接引语是陈述 句时转换成间接引语的方法进行相应变化。同时，直接引语中 如果有please，间接引语中需要省去。 The old man said to Lily, “Please read the letter to me.” The old man asked Lily to read t
27、he letter to him. 即学即练2将直接引语转换成间接引语 “Shall we go to the cinema tonight？” asked Michael. _ “What about having a drink？” he asked. _ “Why dont you go swimming？” asked James. _ He said, “Would you like me to post the letter？” _ Michael suggested going to the cinema tonight. He suggested having a drink.
28、 James advised me to go swimming. He offered to post the letter. “Will you please bring your reference book here tomorrow？” she said to me. _ “Lets go for a walk，” said the girl. _ “Dont forget to turn off the light，” said our monitor. _ The policeman said to the thief, “Freeze！” _ She asked me to b
29、ring my reference book there the next/following day. The girl suggested going for a walk. Our monitor reminded me not to forget to turn off the light. The policeman ordered the thief to freeze. .单词拼写(用本部分所学单词) 1The river _ (流域)is home to this rare species of fish. 2China has been pushing forward wit
30、h the _ (改 革)of the welfare system for the benefit of all its citizens. 3As is known to all，a balanced diet and _ (适度 的) exercise every day are beneficial to health. basin reform moderate 4The past week marked Chinas sixth _ (每年的) Cybersecurity Week held from Sept. 16 to 22 nationwide. 5Vaccine deve
31、lopment takes months and even years because the vaccines must _ (经历) extensive testing. 6Only when we realize the importance of helping each other can we be devoted to building a _ (和谐的) society. annual undergo harmonious .单句语法填空 1The report on the health service was submitted _ the committee. 2They
32、 have been working hard for days in search _ a better way to solve the problem. 3Plants and animals are sensitive _ changes in the chemistry of the environment. 4John accepted the award on behalf _ the whole team. to of to of .将下列直接引语变为间接引语 1She said, “I am very happy to help you.” _ 2He asked, “Whe
33、re are you to get off, John？” _ 3“You are a doctor, arent you？” he said. _ 4My sister asked me, “How do you like the film？” _ She said (that) she was very happy to help me. He asked John where he was to get off. He asked (me) whether I was a doctor (or not) My sister asked me how I liked the film. 5
34、She said, “Did you wonder why I didnt come？” _ 6He said to me, “Who will bring you to the office？” _ 7She said to me, “You went to the party last night, didnt you？” _ 8Mom said to me, “Will you first have supper or finish your homework？” _ She asked if/whether Id wondered why she hadnt gone. He aske
35、d me who would take me to the office. She asked me whether I had gone to the party the night before. Mom asked me whether I would first have supper or finish my homework. 9“Please open the window，” the teacher said to Li Ming. _ 10“Dont play games in the classroom，” the monitor said to us. _ 11He as
36、ked, “Can you dance, Rose？” _ 12She asked me, “When do your parents have their breakfast？” _ The teacher asked Li Ming to open the window. The monitor reminded us not to play games in the classroom. He asked Rose if/whether she could dance. She asked me when my parents had their breakfast. 13Lucy sa
37、id, “I will come here tomorrow to help these students with their physics.” _ 14Sophia said, “Facts speak louder than words.” _ 15He said, “Lets leave the luggage at the station.” _ Lucy said (that) she would go there the next/following day to help those students with their physics. Sophia said (that) facts speak louder than words. He suggested leaving the luggage at the station.
