北师大版（三起）六年级下册Unit 10 Review-ppt课件-(含教案+视频)(编号：60456).zip

英语专题之 1. 句子越看越正确，无从下手。 2. 句子越看越错，但不知道怎么改。 Whats the main trouble when correcting a composition? Any rules？ Any skills？ How to correct？ 第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题l分，满分10分) 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。 文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加 删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。 题目要求： 1 1、话题有关学生学习生活、话题有关学生学习生活 2 2、多以书信和日记的形式出现、多以书信和日记的形式出现 3 3、浅显易懂，没有生僻、超纲词汇、浅显易懂，没有生僻、超纲词汇 。 4 4、句子结构简单，基本是简单句和、句子结构简单，基本是简单句和 并不复杂的复合句。并不复杂的复合句。 1.短文改错材料特点： 高考短文改错的短文通常有120 个词左右，共10个错误，一般错 误类型为1+1+8. 1 1个多词；个多词； 1 1个缺词；个缺词； 8 8个需要找出错误并改正。个需要找出错误并改正。 2.短文改错命题特点： 一.词的用法 1）连词 2）冠词 3）介词 4）形容词和副词 二.一致性问题： 1）主谓一致 2）名词的单复数一致 3）代词的指代一致 4）时态语态一致 5）非谓动词与逻辑主语一致 6）行文逻辑关系的一致 动动 词词 3.短文改错考查内容： 4.短文改错熟记口诀： 1.原形 2.三 单 3.过去式 4.过去分词 写出下列动词的三单，过去式，过去分词 的形式： e.g. do does did done 1.play 2.go 3.catch 4.begin 5.choose 6.hurt plays played played goes went gone catches caught caught begins began begun chooses chose chosen hurts hurt hurt 用给出动词的适当形式填空： 1.I______ (play) basketball with my friends everyday. 2.He/She/ Nancy often _______ (play) basketball with his/her friends. 3.Many students _______ (play) basketball yesterday. 4.Xiao Ming _______ (play) basketball with his parents yesterday. 5.This basketball_______ (play) by a lot of students yesterday. play plays played played was played 动词的错误类型动词的错误类型 ： 错误主要包括三类： 1.时态 2.语态 3.主谓一致（人称） 2008浙江卷 Last winter vacation, some of my classmates decide to travel with their friends , while I chose to take a part-time job. 2006安徽卷 Anyone can borrow books if he or she wish. decided wishes 1.1时态 1.2主谓一致 2009海南卷 If I have the honor to be chose to work for the29th Olympic Games, I will first improve my English so that I can talk easily with foreign visitors. 2006天津卷 Today, I got a letter that said I had been admitting to a college. chosen admitted 1.1语态 名词单、复数形式 2010全国卷全国卷 He agreed to read my story and give me some advices on how to write like a real writer 2008浙浙江江卷卷 I learned from my teacher that a nearby company was looking for students with good handwriting to write addresses on envelope. envelope s 不可数名词 advice Schools should be clean and pure place. But now something bad happens.Some student cheated in examination at school. As student , we often have examinations , many of which is sometimes too difficult for us. In addition, some students not work hard at their lesson . 修改下面的短文： places cheat examinations students are do lessons 三、还要注意形和副 1. 形容词和副词混用，2. 三级错用 2007浙江卷：浙江卷：I got to the finishing line first. I won the race. I felt very proudly of myself. 2010辽宁卷 Like the rest of my classmates, I didnt really want to get closest to her. proud close 修饰修饰 名词，感官动词，系动词名词，感官动词，系动词要用要用 形容词形容词 修饰修饰 动词，形容词，副词和整个句子动词，形容词，副词和整个句子用用副副 词词 比较级比较级 和和最高级最高级 的使用的使用 2006辽宁卷： She was usual patient with her students and never made them disappointed. usually 四、非谓语，细辨别 1.不定式符号to的多余与遗漏 2.现在分词与过去分词混用 NMET 2003: Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express myself in simple English. 2011课标卷I was at the Shanghai Railway Station buy a ticket to Hangzhou. talking buying 2008浙江卷：浙江卷： It is one of the funniest things finding on the Internet so far this year. 2011全国卷全国卷 He begged my parents to staying another couple of day.stay found 五五、 代词代词 格，格， 细领细领 悟悟 高考链接高考链接 6： I heard that Mr. Wang would teach our English this term. us 1.1.人称代词人称代词 主格主格 和和宾格宾格 ，物主代词物主代词 的使用的使用 反身代词反身代词 oneselfoneself的使用的使用 3 3不定代词不定代词 的使用的使用 4 4Both,all,either,neither,noneBoth,all,either,neither,none 的使用的使用 . . 5.5.WhoseWhose 和和whoswhos，itsits和和itsits的区别的区别 人称 单数复数 主格宾格主格宾格 第一人 称 第二人 称 第三人 称 Imeweus youyouyouyou hehim sheher itit theythem 单数复数 形容 词性 物主 代词 myyourhisherits ouryourtheir 名词 性物 主代 词 mine yours hishers its ours yours theirs 1.人称代词格的误用 2.代词与所指代的内容在性别和数方面不一致 3.作形式主语与形式宾语it的遗漏或误用 五五、 代词代词 格，格， 细领细领 悟悟 2007陕西： Just at that time I woke up and found me still in bed! myself 2011课标卷When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes. friends 连词but， and， or和so的用法错误 冠词 a, an, the 误用或混用 2oo7全国II：I meant to write long letter and tell you all the things Im doing at the school a 六、冠词、连词常光顾 1. Be strict at sb 2. Be responsible with sb/sth 3. Have sth on common 4. Have an effect in sb 5. Lose the heart 6. Make a great progress 7. The war was broke out 8. The accident was happened 9. In the hurry 10. Share sth for sb 11. A pair of shoe 12. A lot of equipments 13. General speaking 14. As soon as possibly with for in on thethe a a waswas waswas a with Shoes equipment Generally possible 多词、少词和搭配 七、习惯用法要记住 八、句子成分多分析八、句子成分多分析 不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语境要 选择不同的词语。只有对句子结构和成分作细致的分 析，才能找出用词不当的错误。 2008年安徽卷年安徽卷 : She looked at me and started to laugh. “How are you laughing?”I asked. Why 九、逻辑错误须关注九、逻辑错误须关注 与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于 逻辑性错误，如称谓上的张冠李戴。 2011课标卷课标卷 I bought my ticket but turned around to pick up my bag from the floor. and 2007浙江卷：Today I was having a PE lesson while I fell down and hurt my foot. 2011全国卷 Thank you very much for showing them around your city and providing us for the wonderful meals. when us Dear Mrs. Winthorp, So my first week at college is over! No lectures this morning so I think Id email you and let you know what things are going. how 句子成分: 是不及物动词,从句不缺宾语.what,疑 问代词,在从句中充当主语或宾语成分.how,疑问 副词,在句子中充当状语,所以改为how Im glad to say that anything has worked out fine in the dorm. I remember asking for a room as far away from the lifts as possible and they find me a comfortable one on second floor. There are two girls from my course here and I plan to make friend with them so that we can help each other on the course work. Everyone else seems very nice and warmly here. everything the friends with warm found 动词形动词形 名词数名词数 代词格，细领代词格，细领 悟悟 冠词连词须关冠词连词须关 注注 习惯用法要记习惯用法要记 住住 还要注意形和副还要注意形和副 Well, I had better to stop now. Im going to attend mine first lesson this afternoon, for Ive got some preparation to make. Keep in touch. my so 代词格，细领代词格，细领 悟悟 习惯用法要记习惯用法要记 住住 逻辑关系需关逻辑关系需关 注注 1.1.改变形式以 “实词”居多 2.2.删添以 “虚词”居多 3.3.多“改正”少“添删” 4.4.改后要保持原意不变 应试原则 Thank you !时刻保持巅峰状态，力争做第一。- 1 - 短 文 改 错 技 巧。 一、一、 “短文改错短文改错”题中的常见错误类型题中的常见错误类型 (一) 名词方面的错误 名词方面的错误多指名词单复数形式的误用，可数名词与不可数名词的错误，名词所有格 中“s”的误置等。例如: 1. He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests. 2. In summer, the sea under the blue skies is even more beautiful. 3. . youve been settled down in Boston and are getting used to the local ways of life. 4. . but she marked strictly on students actual performance . (二) 动词方面的错误 动词错误在短文改错中所占比重最大，它所涉及的错误包括动词的时态、语态错误；易混动词的用法错误；动词的第三 人称单数错误；动词的非谓语形式，以及动词的句型搭配错误等。在改错题中，动词方面的考查比例较大。例如: 1. The air keeps the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon . 2. I just want to thank you for helping me becoming a different person. 3. How about join us? The camp is at the foot of a small hill. 4. Ill send my friend Charlie meet you at the airport. (三) 形容词、副词方面的错误 这类错误多指误用形容词修饰形容词，误用副词修饰名词，误用形容词修饰动词，误用形容词或副词的原级、比较级和 最高级以及误用带-ly 的副词与不带-ly 的副词等，特别注意根据上下文该用比较级而未用的“暗中比较” 。例如: 1. They came back lately and had some tea. 2. you always gave me specially attention . 3. . they fly down immediate and catch them without delay. 4. Yes，it is clearly that your life in your country is quite different from . 5. I know you are particular interested in Human Rights. 6. Last year, my English teacher proved to be the more popular in our school. (四) 连词方面的错误 短文改错中出现连词就要判断连词用的是否正确，是否符合句子意思；连接的是词还是句子，是否符 合逻辑关系。此外如果是平行结构就要注意前后时态、语态、词性一致问题平行结构常借助与并列连词 and, or, but, not onlybut also, notbut, eitheror, neither nor, as well as 等，though 不与 but 连用，because 不与 so 连用等。 1. It started to rise higher again. So it was still too close to the water. 2. I became very active but made new friends. 时刻保持巅峰状态，力争做第一。- 2 - 3. My hometown is a pretty city, so people there are kind and polite. 4. While they find fish come to the surface, they fly down immediately. 5. Both your aunt or I look forward to seeing you again. (五) 代词方面的错误 这类错误主要包括形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的误用，关系代词、连接代词的误用，代词主格与代词宾格的误 用，代词单数与代词复数的误用，各个不定代词之间的误用，反身代词与代词宾格之间的误用，代词的指代错误，定语从句 中多用代词等。 1. . the men threw away most of his clothes to save themselves. 2. a lot of white birds come to my city for food. I can wait patiently above the sea for quite a long . 3. If he spends most of his time playing about in the way that he used to as a child，they will go hungry. 4. That night, we sat down to what they thought would be a pleasant, uninterrupted . 5. I just smiled to me and thought . 6. your life in your country is quite different from me. 7. Everybody sleeps in tents, that is very exciting. (六) 介词方面的错误 这类错误多指漏掉介词、多用介词或介词与其他词语搭配的错误等。例如: 1. The crowd waiting for to greet them in England was very surprised . 2. He was looking for a glass the cupboard. 3. After autumn arrives，the city looks as an old man with leaves . 4. . he can no longer expect others to pay his food, his clothes . 5. On the front door stood a five-year-old boy from across the street. 6. Could you share your experience for us? 7. My mother was a career woman and had her own problems to take care. (七) 冠词方面的错误 这类错误多指 a(n)与 the 的误用，a 与 an 的误用。有时也表现为:单数可数名词前面该用冠 词的地方缺少冠词，不该用冠词的地方多了冠词。例如: 1. An American and a Frenchman decided to cross the sea between France and England in the balloon in 1784. 2. the popular teacher is at same time the one who should be strict with . 3. And if he breaks the law of society ., he may go to the prison. 4. so we will have plenty of spare time to visit the area and have a fun. 时刻保持巅峰状态，力争做第一。- 3 - (八) 时态、语态方面的错误 这类错误主要为现在时态与过去时态、主动语态与被动语态的误用。做题时，应注意把握 文中动词时态的呼应规律，注意把握诸个并列动词的时态、语态的呼应规律。例如: 1. We had guests last night who have not stayed in a B&B hotel before. 2. Today，I got a letter that said I had been admitting to a college. 3. We hung a sign on the front door that was read: “Were having dinner .” 4. sometimes all that is need is someone to rely on. 5. Ill send my friend Charlie to meet you at the airport when you arrived. (九) 主谓一致方面的错误 这类错误主要指主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词形式的错误。因此做题时，要注意谓语 动词的形式要和句子主语在人称和数上保持一致。例如: 1. “I just want to know what the sign say.” 2. Anyone can borrow books if he or she wish. 3. Here are the information about Manchester University. 4. What may surprise you are that Im going to . (十) 短语、句型固定搭配错误 主要考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的固定搭配；副词、动词的固定搭配；及物动词后多 介词或副词以及不及物动词后少介词，英语中的一些固定句型与习惯搭配等。 1. My teacher advised me to keep my diary. keep a diary 是固定搭配，意思是“写日记”. 2. In my surprise, he did very well in his previous job. To ones surprise 是固定搭配 3. I thought that was dull to watch a game 此题考查 it 的功能，It + be + adj. + to do 为固定 结构。 二、解题技巧二、解题技巧 要想做好“短文改错”题，不妨试试分成“四步走” ，遵循“四原则” ，实施“四查法” 。 具体做法如下: (一) 分成“四步走” 1.1. 通读全文，了解大意。通读全文，了解大意。注意语篇结构和行文逻辑。不能在不了解文章大意的情况下，逐字逐行地进行修改。 2.2. 先易后难，缩小范围。先易后难，缩小范围。在通读全文的过程中，可以先把文中明显的错误找出来改正，然后再根据具体语境，仔细分析 判断，将注意力集中在较难的句子上。 3.3. 把握句意，逐行判断。把握句意，逐行判断。可依据“动词形，名词数，注意形和副；非谓动词细辨别，习惯用法要记住；句子结构多分析， 逻辑错误须关注”的口诀行事。 4.4. 再次通读，复查验证。再次通读，复查验证。把大部分错误改正之后，如果还有拿不准的地方，就应再次通读全文，并利用语感来 做最后的判断。 时刻保持巅峰状态，力争做第一。- 4 - 纵观近几年的“短文改错”题，正确的地方只有一处；多词和缺词的地方约有 3 处；用错 词的地方一般有 6 个，且多为动词。这种比例或许也能帮助你做出最后判断。 (二) 遵循“四原则” 1.1. 改动处以最少为原则。改动处以最少为原则。 “短文改错”题要求每行只能改动一处，改动的方法可以是增词、删词或换词，但无论作何种 改动，只能是增加一词、减少一词或把一个词改成另一个词。当然，没有错误的行无需改动。也就是说，每行改动之处不能 超过一个。 2.2. 实词以改变词形为原则。实词以改变词形为原则。在“短文改错”题中，一般只是改变实词的形式，而不能改变实词的词义，也不能将其改换 成另一个实词，更不能随便增删。例如: The air keeps the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon . (把 keeps 改为 keeping) Yes, it is clearly that your life in your country is quite different from . (把 clearly 改为 clear) 3.3. 虚词以添加或删除为原则。虚词以添加或删除为原则。历年的“短文改错”题中需要添加或删除的地方差不多有 3 至 4 处。这些需要添、删的词一般都是虚词(如冠词、介词等)，不是实词(如动词、名词等)， 否则会改变句子的原意。例如: They did not want breakfast because that they were going out early . (删去 that) He was looking for a glass the cupboard. (the 前面加 in) 4.4. 以保持句子原意不变为原则。以保持句子原意不变为原则。做“短文改错”题时，一般不应改变句子原意。改错时，应该针对短 文中的用词错误、语法错误、逻辑错误加以改正，不应更改作者的原意。做到换词不改意，加词不增意， 去词不减意。如有多种改法，应以保持原意为条件，择其佳者而从之。例如： But I have spent most my money, so I cannot 改正：在 my 前加 of。也有同学去掉 most， 这种改法虽改正了语法错误，但改变了原意。作者想说的是“花掉了大部分的钱，而不是全 部” 。 (三) 实施“四查法” 1.1. 左顾右盼查名词。左顾右盼查名词。考生应注意搜寻名词之前及其本身出现的错误，还要看该名词前面是否缺限定词、该用何种限定词， 尤其要查名词前冠词的使用情况。当名词前面有形容词修饰时更要加倍注意。例如: Your knowledges of Greece can help the whole class. (把 knowledges 改为 knowledge) 2.2. “语语( (态态)”)” 、 “时时( (态态)”)”俱进查动词。俱进查动词。考生应认真分析动词时态、语态的使用是否正确， 尤其要根据上下文所提供的时间信息，仔细推敲，从而选用正确的动词时态形式。例如: (2006 天津) I gained so much confidence that I go back to school . (把 go 改为 went) 3.3. 启承转合查连词。启承转合查连词。若要使文章结构严谨，应在文中使用各种启承转合的连词。这些连 词能使文章在结构上和意义上通顺流畅。例如: It started to rise higher again. So it was still too close to the water. (把 So 改为 But) 4.4. 文通理顺查逻辑。文通理顺查逻辑。 “文通”指行文合乎英文词法、句法；“理顺”指行文逻辑符合人们 普遍认可的道理。例如: (NMET 2006) The air keeping the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon was coming up. (把第二个 up 改为 down) 总之，要想做好要想做好“短文改错短文改错”题，除了掌握上面讲的原则、做法、步骤之外，平时还要加强语言基础知识的学习，多做题，除了掌握上面讲的原则、做法、步骤之外，平时还要加强语言基础知识的学习，多做 时刻保持巅峰状态，力争做第一。- 5 - 有针对性的训练。有针对性的训练。