1、期末复习 现在完成时 构构 成成 01 一、现在完成时的构成一、现在完成时的构成 1、基本结构：、基本结构：助动词助动词have/has +过去分词过去分词done 2、基于结构产生的句式变化、基于结构产生的句式变化 （1）肯定式：主语 + have/has +过去分词过去分词done + （2）否定式：主语 + havent/hasnt +过去分词过去分词done + They have lived here for ten years. （3）一般疑问句：Have/Has +主语 + 过去分词done + ？ 助动词助动词have/has帮助实现句型转换。帮助实现句型转换。 They ha
2、ve lived here for ten years. (变为一般疑问句并回答变为一般疑问句并回答) A: Have they lived here for ten years？ B: Yes, they have./No, they havent . How long have they lived here? （4）特殊疑问句式：疑问词+一般疑问句 3、过去分词的构成：、过去分词的构成： (1)规则变化：规则动词过去分词的构成与过去式相同 livelivedlived decidedecideddecided studystudiedstudied carrycarriedcarried
3、 stopstoppedstopped planplannedplanned watchwatchedwatched finishfinishedfinished (2)不规则变化：不规则动词的过去分词需强化记忆 bewas/werebeen seesawseen gowent gone dodiddone cutcutcut putputput setsetset letletlet buyboughtbought bringbroughtbrought teachtaughttaught catchcaughtcaught drinkdrankdrunk swimswamswum 用用 法
4、法 02 二、现在完成时的用法二、现在完成时的用法 表示过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成的影 响，也可以表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的 动作或状态。 （1）过去）过去对对现在现在 （2）过去）过去到到现在现在 过去对现在，指动作发生在过去且已结束，但对现在产生某种影响。过去对现在，指动作发生在过去且已结束，但对现在产生某种影响。 The room is clean, because I have cleaned it. (动词打扫clean发生在过去且已结束，对现在有影响：干净。) 现在完成时用法（现在完成时用法（1）：过去对现在）：过去对现在 I wont go to the m
5、ovie, because I have seen it. (动词see发生在过去且已结束，对现在有影响：内容已知晓，不 再去观看。) 动作发生在过去，结果影响到现在。动作发生在过去，结果影响到现在。 过去到现在，表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态一直延续到过去到现在，表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态一直延续到 现在（动词多是延续性的）。现在（动词多是延续性的）。 一直延续到现在，一直延续到现在，for与与since把时间带把时间带。 现在完成时用法（现在完成时用法（2）：过去到现在）：过去到现在 have/has done past present Mr Zhang has taught math
6、 since 1992. We have studied English for six years. 现在完成时常与“现在完成时常与“for+时间段，时间段，since+时间点时间点/从句”从句” 连用，动词须为延续动词。连用，动词须为延续动词。 动词转化动词转化 03 三、非延续动词的转化问题三、非延续动词的转化问题 行为动词根据其能否持续可分为非延续动词（短暂/瞬间动 词）和延续动词。 (open/buy/borrow; live/study/sleep) 现在完成时中表示短暂动作的动词不能for， since等引导 的时间状语连用。如与一段时间连用，要把瞬间动词转化 为意思相近的延续性
7、动词。 He has bought the book for two days. (F) He has had the book for two days. (T) They have borrowed the bikes for two days. (F) They have kept the bikes for two days. (T) 常见的变化常见的变化 非延续性动词非延续性动词 延续性动词延续性动词 borrow keep buy have die be dead leave be away (from) begin/start be on marry be married 常见的
8、变化常见的变化 非延续性动词非延续性动词 延续性动词延续性动词 come/go be here/there finish be over open be open close be closed become be join be in/a member of 辨辨 析析 04 四四、辨析一般过去时与现在完成时辨析一般过去时与现在完成时 （1）一般过去时单纯表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态, 与现在无联系，可与过去时间连用，属于过去时态。 Tom lived in Beijing two years ago. 两年前汤姆住在北京。 (不知道现在是否还住在北京) （2）现在完成时的动作虽发生在过去
9、，但更侧重对现 在造成的影响，属于现在时态，不与过去时间连用。 Tom has lived in Beijing for two years. 汤姆住在北京两年了。 (现在汤姆还在北京) 时态归属不同；连用的时间状语不同时态归属不同；连用的时间状语不同 常见句式常见句式 05 1. .have/has been to . 意为：去过某地，人已回来，常与次数连用。 I have been to the USA twice.我去过美国两次。 2. . have/has gone to . 意为：去了某地，人不在说话处，人在路上或已到达某地。 Where is Jim?吉姆在哪里？ He has g
10、one to the library.他去图书馆了。 五、有关现在完成时的三个常见句式五、有关现在完成时的三个常见句式 3、. have/has been in + 地点 + for + 时间段 意为：已在某地呆了.时间。 We have been in this city for three years.我们已经在这 个城市待了三年。 课堂作业课堂作业 06 1. His father _ the Party since 1978. A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in 2. Do you know him well? Sure,
11、we _ friends since ten years ago. A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made 3. How long have you _ here? About two months. A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived 一、单项选择一、单项选择 D B A 4. Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes. A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began 5. I _ my hometown for a
12、long time. I really miss it! A. left B. went away from C. have left D. have been away from C D 1、I saw you in Toms Restaurant last night. No, it wasnt me. I _ never _ there. 2、Wheres Tony? He _ the teachers office. 3、I _ never_ Hong Kong. I hope to visit it one day. 4、Is your father in? No, he _to Shenzhen on vacation. 二、用二、用have been (to) / have gone (to) / have been (in)填空 have been has gone to have been to has gone to THANK YOU
