2021版外研版必修一英语（精练）：英美文化欣赏 (共6份打包).zip

1 【导读】塞缪尔厄尔曼(Samuel Ullman)的散文青春是一篇励志文章， 为大家所熟知。附上几则有关青春励志的名言。今天引用在这里和即将开启三年 高中生活的同学们共勉。 Youth Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and supple knees; it is a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, a vigor of the emotions; it is the freshness of the deep springs of life. Youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity, of the appetite for adventure over the love of ease.This often exists in a man of 60 more than a boy of 20.Nobody grows old merely by a number of years.We grow old by deserting our ideals. Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul.Worry, fear, selfdistrust bows the heart and turns the spirit back to dust. Whether 60 or 16, there is in every human beings heart the lure of wonders, the unfailing appetite for whats next and the joy of the game of living.In the center of your heart and my heart, there is a wireless station; so long as it receives messages of beauty, hope, courage and power from man and from the infinite, so long as you are young. When your aerials are down, and your spirit is covered with snows of cynicism and the ice of pessimism, then youve grown old, even at 20; but as long as your aerials are up, to catch waves of optimism, theres hope you may die young at 80. Youth is quick in temper but weak in judgement.Homer Beautiful is the bloom of youth，but it does not last.Theocritus Young men are fitter to invent than to judge；fitter for execution than for counsel；and fitter for new projects than for settled business.Bacon Youth lives on hope，old age on remembrance.George Herbert Youth，even in its sorrows，always has a brilliancy of its own.Hugo To get back ones youth，one has always to repeat ones follies.Wilde It is truth but well known，that rashness attends youth，as prudence does old age.Cicero 2 青春 青春不是年华，而是心境；青春不是桃面、丹唇、柔膝，而是深沉的意志， 恢宏的想象，炙热的恋情；青春是生命的深泉在涌流。 青春气贯长虹，勇锐盖过怯弱，进取压倒苟安。如此锐气，二十后生而有 之，六旬男子则更多见。年岁有加，并非垂老，理想丢弃，方堕暮年。 岁月悠悠，衰微只及肌肤；热忱抛却，颓废必致灵魂。忧烦，惶恐，丧失 自信，定使心灵扭曲，意气如灰。 无论年届花甲，亦或二八芳龄，心中皆有生命之欢乐，奇迹之诱惑，孩童 般天真久盛不衰。人人心中皆有一台天线，只要你从天上人间接受美好、希望、 勇气和力量的信号，你就青春永驻，风华常存。 一旦天线下降，锐气便被冰雪覆盖，玩世不恭、自暴自弃油然而生，即使 年方二十，实已垂垂老矣；然则只要竖起天线，捕捉乐观信号，你就有望在八 十高龄告别尘寰时仍觉年轻。 青年性情急躁，短于判断。荷马 青春的花朵是美丽的，但它不能持久。忒俄克里托斯 年轻人适于发明而不适于判断，适于操作而不适于咨询，适于新的计划而 不适于既定之事。培根 年轻人生活在希望中，老年人生活在回忆里。乔治赫伯特 青春，即使在它的悲哀时也是辉煌的。雨果 让青春复返，只能重蹈蠢事。王尔德 这是人所熟知的真理：轻率伴随着青春正如谨慎之于老年。西塞罗 知识积累 1freshness n新鲜；新鲜感 2spring n. 泉水 3merely adv. 仅仅 4give up 放弃 5so long as 只要 文化链接 塞缪尔厄尔曼(18401924)出生于德国，后迁居美国。塞缪尔厄尔曼写 的这一篇不足 500 字的短文 Youth 大半个世纪以来一直为世人倾倒，产生了经 3 久不息的轰动效应。1 【导读】众所周知，英国与美国因为使用同一种语言而有诸多相似之处。 但事实上，探寻英美文化间的差异更加有趣。近日，BBC 就播出了一篇文章， 题目为“英美人在几种情境中的不同表现” 。下面我们就来看看。 1When someone knocks into you If someone bumps into an American, the victim will most likely look the accidental aggressor (冒失的人)in the face and expect an apology.If, however, the victim happens to be British, chances are that the victim will say “sorry” before the other can make his or her own apology. 2When you get dressed for dinner The British dont all change into evening dress for supper like what you may have seen in popular TV shows like Downton Abbey(英剧唐顿庄园)But they do tend to make an effort when going out for dinner somewhere nice.Americans, however, will probably wear a casual shirt to a fancy restaurant. 3When you dont finish your food The British wouldnt think to take the leftovers home when dining out at a restaurant.They think the food is somehow“polluted”once theyve touched at it with a knife and fork.In the US, wrapping it up to take home is a standard practice. 4When you get into a taxi The British will give the cab driver an address, then assume thats it for the business until its time to pay.Even if theyre being taken in a roundabout way(绕路), theyre very unlikely to say anything.In the US, however, most passengers think nothing of telling the driver which way to take after telling him or her the destination. 1.被撞后什么反应 如果被撞的是美国人，他们大都会直视冒失者，希望对方道歉。而相反， 如果被撞的碰巧是英国人，他们则很可能会在撞人者开口道歉之前先说“对不 起” 。 2晚宴穿什么 享用晚餐时，英国人虽然不会像热门英剧唐顿庄园中那样人人身着晚 礼服，但在去高级餐厅就餐时也会在穿着上颇下一番功夫。而美国人则可能穿 2 一件休闲衬衫就出入高级餐馆。 3饭菜没吃完时怎么办 外出就餐时，英国人不会将剩饭剩菜打包带走，因为在他们看来食物一旦 被刀叉“染指”后便被“玷污”了。然而对美国人而言，打包剩菜则是一种惯 例。 4乘出租车时什么表现 英国人在告诉司机目的地之后就会秉承全程“零交流”的原则，直至下车 付钱才开口。甚至在看见司机绕路时，他们也会一言不发。而美国人则恰恰相 反，大多数乘客都会在告诉司机目的地后，自己指挥行车路线；并且觉得这并 无不妥。 知识积累 1victim n牺牲者；受害者 2likely adj. 可能的 3make an apology (to sb.) 向某人道歉 4make an effort 做出努力 5wrap sth.up 打包；把包起来 6destination n. 目的地 文化链接 对待不同文化之间的差异我们应该采取的态度是：包容不同的文化，求同 存异。学习不同文化，取长补短。弘扬先进的中华文化，使中华文明走向世界； 摒弃国外的糟粕文化。1 【导读】远大前程又译孤星血泪，是英国作家查尔斯狄更斯晚年写 的长篇小说。故事背景为 1812 年圣诞节前夕至 1840 年冬天，小说以自传式手 法，叙述主角孤儿皮普(Pip)从 7 岁开始的三个人生阶段。 Great Expectations(Excerpt) My first name was Philip, but when I was a small child I could only manage to say Pip. So Pip was what everybody called me. I lived in a small village in Essex with my sister，who was over twenty years older than me，and married to Joe Gargery，the village blacksmith. My parents had died when I was a baby，so I could not remember them at all, but quite often I used to visit the churchyard, about a mile from the village, to look at their names on their gravestones. My first memory is of sitting on a gravestone in that churchyard one cold, grey, December afternoon，looking out at the dark，flat，wild marshes divided by the black line of the River Thames, and listening to the rushing sound of the sea in the distance. Dont say a word！Cried a terrible voice，as a man jumped up from among the graves and caught hold of me. If you shout Ill cut your throat! He was a big man，dressed all in grey, with an iron chain on his leg.His clothes were wet and torn.He looked exhausted, and hungry, and very fierce. I had never been so frightened in my whole life. Oh！Dont cut my throat，Sir! I begged in terror. Tell me your name，boy！Quick！He said，still holding me.And show me where you live! My names Pip，Sir.And I live in the village over there. He picked me up and turned me upside down. Nothing fell out of my pocket except a piece of old bread.He ate it in two bites，like a dog，and put me back on the gravestone. 2 So where are your father and mother？He asked. There，Sir，I answered，pointing to their graves. What！He cried，and was about to run, when he saw where I was pointing.Oh！He said. I see.Theyre dead.Well，who do you live with，if I let you live，which I havent decided yet? With my sister，Sir，wife of Joe Gargery，the blacksmith. Blacksmith，you say？And he looked down at his leg. Then he held me by both arms and stared fiercely down into my eyes. Now look here.You bring me a file. 远大前程(节选) 我名叫菲利普，但是在我还是个小孩子的时候，我仅会说皮普。 因此，皮普就成了大家对我的称呼。 我与姐姐住在埃森克斯的一个小村庄，姐姐比我大 20 多岁，她与村里的铁 匠乔葛吉瑞结了婚。 当我还是一个婴儿时，父母就离世了，所以我不记得他们的一切情况，但 是，我常常去离村庄大约 1 英里的教堂墓地，瞻仰墓碑上他们的名字。 我最初的记忆是在十二月份一个寒冷的、天色阴沉的下午，正坐在那个教 堂墓地的一块墓石上。看到的是被那黑色泰晤士河分割成的一片黑压压的沼泽 荒地，听到的是从远处大海刮来的嗖嗖呼啸声。 别出声！一个凶恶的声音大喊起来，这时，从墓地里窜出一个人来，一把 抓住我。 如果你叫喊我就割断你的喉咙！ 他身材高大，穿着一身灰色衣服，腿上拴着一副脚镣。他的衣服湿漉漉的， 并且破烂不堪，看上去筋疲力尽、饥寒交迫又十分凶残的样子。 在我一生中从没有如此害怕过。 噢！先生，不要割断我的喉咙！我害怕地乞求着。 小子，告诉我你叫什么名字！快点！他仍然抓着我说。指给我看你住在哪 儿！ 先生，我叫皮普，我住在那边的村庄里。 3 他抓起我，又把我上下颠倒。 我的口袋里除了一块剩面包外一无所有，他狼吞虎咽地两口吃下，又把我 放回墓石上。 那么，你的爸爸妈妈在哪儿？他问道。 先生，在那儿，我指着那里的坟墓回答。 当他看到我所指的地方时，什么！他叫起来拔腿就要跑。噢！他说。 我明白了，他们已经死了。嘿，你跟谁一起生活？但是，我是否让你活着 还没决定。 和我姐姐在一起，先生，铁匠乔葛吉瑞的妻子。 你说，铁匠？他低下头看看自己的腿。 然后抱住我，用凶狠的眼光盯着我的双眼。 你看这儿，给我带把锉刀来。 知识积累 1manage vi.设法做成；运用 2blacksmith n. 铁匠；锻工 3gravestone n. 墓碑，墓石 4marsh n. 沼泽；湿地 5file n. 锉刀 文化链接 小说故事的发展大致可分成三个部分。第一部分记述了皮普在乡间的质朴 的童年生活。一次偶然的机会他遇见了一名逃犯，并偷了家里的东西帮助他。 不久，皮普受邀到哈维沙姆小姐的萨蒂斯大院玩耍，从此内心发生变化。他爱 上了美丽却冷漠的埃斯特拉，开始为自己的出身及亲人感到害臊。一天，皮普 突然受到一位不愿透露姓名的人士资助。被送到伦敦接受上等人的教育，他为 此欣喜若狂。 故事的第二部分主要描写了皮普在伦敦接受教育的经历。由于受到上层社 会势利习气的传染，皮普过着奢靡堕落的生活，道德品质也变得低下。他一直 以为是哈维沙姆小姐匿名资助他接受高等教育，然而，真正“恩人”的出现使 他不得不重新面对现实。 小说最后一部分记叙了皮普保护潜逃回国的流放犯马格威奇的经历。虽然 4 马格威奇最终难逃被捕的命运，但是在一系列的变故中，皮普最终回归人性之 美，深切地体会到友情和亲情的可贵。1 【导读】查尔斯狄更斯是 19 世纪英国批判现实主义小说家代表，是世 界上最伟大的作家之一，被后世奉为“召唤人们回到欢笑和仁爱中来的明灯” 。 双城记是狄更斯所著的一部以法国大革命为背景的长篇历史小说，是世界文 学经典名著之一，该小说将巴黎、伦敦两大城市连接起来，围绕着马内特医生 一家和以得法热夫妇为首的圣安东尼区展开故事。 A Tale of Two Cities (excerpt) In the part of Paris called Saint Antoine everyone was poor.The streets were narrow and dirty，the food shops were almost empty.The faces of the children looked old already, because they were so hungry.In the wine shop of Monsieur Defarge there were not many customers and Defarge was outside, talking to a man in the street.His wife，Madame Defarge, sat inside the shop, knitting and watching.Defarge came in and his wife looked at him, then turned her eyes to look at two new customers，a man of about sixty and a young lady.Defarge went over to speak to them，suddenly kissed the young ladys hand，and led them out of the back of the shop.They followed him upstairs, many stairs，until they reached the top.Defarge took a key out of his pocket. “Why is the door locked？”asked Mr.Lorry in surprise.“He is a free man now.” “Because he has lived too long behind a locked door， ”replied Defarge angrily.“He is afraid if the door is not locked！That is one of the things they have done to him.” “Im afraid，too， ”whispered Miss Manette.Her blue eyes looked worriedly at Mr.Lorry.“I am afraid of himmy father.” Defarge made a lot of noise as he opened the door.Mr.Lorry and Lucie went into the room behind him.A thin，whitehaired man was sitting on a wooden seat.He was very busy making shoes. “Good day， ”said Defarge“You are still working hard，I see.” After a while they heard a whisper， “Yes, I am still working.” 2 “Come， ”said Defarge.“You have a visitor.Tell him your name.” “My name？”came the whisper， “One Hundred and Five，North Tower.” Mr.Lorry moved closer to the old man.“Dr Manette，dont you remember me，Jarvis Lorry？”he asked gently. The old prisoner looked up at Mr.Lorry，but there was no surprise，no understanding in his tired face，and he went back to work making shoes. 双城记(节选) 在巴黎的一个名叫圣安东尼的地方，所有的人都很穷。街道狭窄肮脏，食 品店几乎都是空的。孩子们的脸已显出老态。因为他们太饥饿了。在得法热先 生的酒店里没有多少顾客，得法热则在门外与街上的一个男人交谈着。他的妻 子得法热夫人坐在店里一边织毛衣一边观察着周围。得法热走进店来，他的妻 子看着他，然后就把眼光转过去盯着两位新来的顾客，他们是一位大约 60 岁的 男人和一位年轻的女士。得法热走过去同他们说话，他突然吻了那位小姐的手， 接着领着他们从店铺后面走出去。他们跟着他上楼，爬了很多级楼梯，直到他 们到达楼顶。得法热从兜里掏出一把钥匙来。 “为什么锁着门？”劳里先生惊讶地问。 “他现在是个自由人了。 ” “因为他在上了锁的房间里生活的时间太长了， ”得法热气愤地回答说。 “门要是不锁上他就会害怕！这是他们给他造成的恶果之一。 ” “我也害怕， ”马内特小姐低声地说。她那蓝蓝的眼睛忧心地看着劳里先生。 “我害怕他我的父亲。 ” 得法热开门时弄出了很多响声，劳里先生和路茜跟在他后面进了屋子。一 个瘦削而头发全白的人正坐在一个木头凳子上。他在忙着做鞋子。 “您好， ”得法热说。 “我看您还在忙着啊。 ” 过了一会儿他们才听到一声嘟哝：“是的，我还在干着活。 ” “瞧， ”得法热说。 “有人来看您了。告诉他您的名字。 ” “我的名字？”嘟哝声传过来道。 “一百零五，北塔。 ” 劳里先生走近了老人。 “马内特医生，您不记得我了吗，贾维斯劳里？” 他轻声地问道。 这个老犯人抬起头看着劳里先生，但是没有表现出惊奇，疲惫的脸上没有 显示出他明白了什么的表情，然后他又重新做起鞋来。 3 知识积累 1knit v编织衣物等 2lock vt. 锁，锁上 3whisper vi. 耳语，低声说 4be afraid of 害怕 文化链接 双城记创作于 19 世纪 50 年代，正处于英国资本 主义经济快速发展时期，资本主义发展带来的种种罪恶和劳动人民生活的 贫困化，导致下层群众中存在极端的愤懑与不满，英国社会处于爆发一场社会 大革命的边缘，这与 18 世纪末法国的社会现状极为相似，狄更斯通过对两个城 市的对比，给当时的英国社会以借鉴及警醒。1 【导读】电影荒野求生是 2007 年的美国传记生存电影，是由西恩潘 执导。 本片改编自作家乔恩科莱考尔 1996 年同名小说，本书是根据克里斯托 弗麦在北美阿拉斯加荒野以及他在 1990 年代早期的经历编写的。 【节选】 Into the Wild In April 1992, Christopher McCandless arrives in a remote area just north of the Denali National Park and Preserve in Alaska.Chris travels into the wilderness and sets up a campsite in an abandoned city bus, which he calls “The Magic Bus”At first, McCandless is content with the feeling of being alone, the beauty of nature around him, and the excitement of living off the land.He hunts with a gun, reads books, and keeps a diary of his thoughts as he prepares himself for a new life in the wild. Shortly after McCandless graduates from Emory University in 1990, he rejects his conventional life and donates nearly all of his savings and sets out on a crosscountry drive to experience life in the wilderness.McCandless does not tell his families what he is doing or where he is going.His refusal to keep in touch with them causes his parents anxiety. At Lake Mead, McCandless car is caught in a flood, causing him to abandon it and begin hitchhiking.McCandless then travels on the Colorado River and he eventually arrives in Mexico.There, his kayak (单人划艇) is lost in a dust storm, and he crosses back into the United States on foot.Not long after arriving, he starts feeling “corrupted” by modern civilization and decides to leave.Later, he is forced to resume hitchhiking, after being beaten by railroad police. Four months later, at the abandoned bus, life for McCandless becomes harder.With his supplies running out, he realizes that nature is also harsh and uncaring.McCandless concludes that true happiness can only be found when shared with others, and he seeks to return from the wild to his friends and family.However, he finds that the stream he had crossed during the winter has become wide, deep, and he is unable to cross.Saddened, he returns to the bus.McCandless is forced to eat roots and plants.He confuses similar plants and eats a poisonous one, falling sick as a result.Slowly dying, he continues to document his process of selfrealization and 2 imagines his family for one last time.He writes a farewell to the world and crawls into his sleeping bag to die.Two weeks later, his body is found by moose hunters.Shortly afterwards, Carine returns to Virginia with her brothers ashes in her backpack. 荒野求生 1992 年 4 月，克里斯托弗麦抵达北部德纳里国家公园和阿拉斯加的偏远地 区的一个保护区。克里斯旅行到旷野，宿营在一个废弃的城市公交车里，他称 之为“神奇的巴士” 。起初，他满足于这种独处的感觉， 欣赏大自然的美以及 远离陆地的激动。 他用枪狩猎，看书，把自己的想法写入日记为他准备一个新 的野外生活。 1990 年，他以优异的成绩从埃默里大学毕业后不久，麦放弃他的传统生活， 捐赠了他几乎所有的积蓄。驾车去体验旷野的生活。 麦没有告诉他的父母他在 做什么或者自己要去哪里。他拒绝与他们保持联系，最终导致他的父母变得越 来越焦虑和绝望。 在米德湖，麦的汽车在山洪暴发中受困，导致他不得不放弃它，并开始搭 便车。 随后麦经过科罗拉多河然后最终到达墨西哥。在那里，他的单人划艇在 沙尘暴中丢了，他只好徒步穿越回美国。然而，抵达后不久，他开始感觉自己 被现代文明“损坏”了，他决定离开。之后，他被迫恢复搭便车，后被铁路警 察殴打。 四个月后，在废弃的巴士上，麦的生活变得更加困难。随着他的供给开始 耗尽，他意识到自然也是严厉的，冷漠的。麦得出结论，只有与他人分享时才 能找到真正的幸福，他试图从野外回来找他的朋友和家人。 然而，他发现他冬 天穿过的小溪变得又宽又深，由于积雪融化，他已经无法跨越。 很难过，他返 回到公交车上。麦被迫吃树根和各种植物。他混淆了类似的植物，吃了有毒的 因此生病。慢慢死去，他继续记录自己实现自我的过程，最后一次想象他的家 人。 他写了告别世界的内容，然后爬进睡袋里等着死去。 两周后，他的尸体 被麋鹿猎人发现。不久之后，Carine 回到维吉尼亚，背包里背着她哥哥的骨灰。 知识积累 1remote adj.遥远的 2abandoned adj. 被抛弃的；遗弃的 3be content with 对满意 3 4refusal n. 拒绝 5civilization n. 文明 文化链接 该片是一部引起了观看者的共鸣，让观众觉得原来 自己并不孤单的电影；同时也为观看者打开了一扇大门，让他们体会到生 命中不曾出现的事物，从而触动观众的内心。很多观众都有克里斯那样对于环 境对于社会的不满，但是却没有人能够抛下一切走进荒野。于是，很多观众理 解克里斯的决定，又惊叹于他的遭遇，也感谢他带大家一起领略北美大陆的壮 丽。1 【导读】飘是美国女作家玛格丽特米切尔十年磨一剑的作品，也是其 唯一的作品。作品刻画了那个时代的许多美国南方人的形象，成功地再现了林 肯领导的南北战争和美国南方地区的社会生活。下面是经典名著飘的英语段 落摘抄，欢迎大家阅读！ 【节选】 Gone with the Wind(excerpt) If the educational equipment which Gerald brought to America was scant，he did not even know it.Nor would he have cared if he had been told.His mother had taught him to read and to write in a clear hand.He was adept at ciphering.And there his book knowledge stopped.The only Latin he knew was the responses of the Mass and the only history was the manifold wrongs of Ireland.He knew no poetry save that of Moore and no music except the songs of Ireland that had come down through the years.While he entertained the liveliest respect for those who had more book learning than he，he never felt his own lack.And what need had he of these things in a new country where the most ignorant of bogtrotters had made great fortunes in this country which asked only that a man be strong and unafraid of work? He liked the South，and he soon became，in his own opinion，a Southerner.There was much about the South and Southerners that he would nev