1、UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE Part 1 TOPIC TALK 基础过关练 .单词拼写 1.The boy began to study (风景)painting. 2.The solar energy works by creating a (温室)under the plastic. 3. (野生动植物)has been greatly threatened in the modern age. 4. (洪水) have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. 5.He said he was goi
2、ng to New Orleans to help with the (飓风) cleanup. 6.In the 1960s, while studying the (火山的) history of Yellowstone National Park, he became puzzled about something that he couldnt find the parks volcano. 7.One summer, a (旱灾) hit Ontario, turning it into a burning desert. 8.In the winter, the place is
3、c with skiers. 9.He suggested that school children avoid o of their eyes and do more outdoor activities. 10.The operation was successfully performed, but the patient suffered from s . 11.Id buy a big boat and (航行) around the world. 12.They wanted to move to a warmer (气候区). 13.Oil pollution could dam
4、age the fragile (生态) of the coral reefs. 14.He was being stressed before he gave his (演讲). 15.The (头衔) will be officially given to me at the ceremony in London. .选词填空 turn ones back(on sb./sth.);be covered with;as a result;be famous for;in the face of 1.I like Japanese food because it being fresh. 2
5、.The path to Dawson three-foot thick wet snow. 3.Perhaps you have great intentions, but they may break reality. 4.How can you me when I am in difficulty? 5. , people will eat more food to try to make up for what is missing. .单句语法填空 1.He is my best friend. I just cant turn my back him now that he nee
6、ds my help. 2.The nineteenth-century poor city was in many ways a terrible place, dirty and (crowd). 3.These (comment) came in response to specific questions often asked by local newsmen. 4.Never in his life had Shay run that far but he made it to first base, wide-eyed and (shock). 5.Ash from a volc
7、anic (erupt) in Iceland has begun disrupting air traffic in Britain. 6.I believe we can act boldly in the face the common threat. 7.You can have an idea worth (million)of dollars. 8.My father never talked about what he did for a (live). 9.Most of the English learners live in places English is not th
8、e main language. 10.The people here are reduced to dire poverty because of natural (disaster). 11.The violent (volcano)force upheaved the land of the whole area. .完成句子 1.听了史蒂夫的演奏后,汤姆拒绝对此发表评论。 After hearing Steves playing, Tom refused to . 2.面对困难,我们永进都丌应放弃。 We should never give up . 3.每当你背弃真理,你就进离了智慧
9、、欢乐和力量。 Whenever you , you distance yourself from wisdom, joy, and strength. 能力提升练 .阅读理解 Emperor Penguins Emperor penguins are considered the most beautiful and the largest of all penguins. They are amazing birds. They are good survivors, excellent swimmers and great parents. Do you know where we ca
10、n see them? You are absolutely right! Antarctica. Only Antarctica! Antarctica is the continent which is the most southern area of land on the Earth and is mostly covered with ice. It is colder, drier and windier than any other place on the Earth. The lowest temperature can reach -89.2. In order to s
11、urvive the extremely tough environment, emperor penguins have to cooperate. They crowd together to protect themselves from the wind and keep warm. Meanwhile, they take turns to move to the relatively warm inside. Emperor penguins live on a diet which consists of different types of fish and other kin
12、ds of sea life. To find food, these birds, which are unable to fly, can dive much deeper than any other kind of penguin. Their dives often reach about 244 metres, and they can even dive to more than 535 metres when necessary. They can remain under water for almost 18 minutes, longer than any other k
13、ind of penguin. Emperor penguins have a very hard time bringing up their babies. They have to go to great lengths to care for their children. After laying an egg, the tired female emperor penguin will leave the family behind to feed at sea, while the male is left to take care of the egg. For two mon
14、ths, the father, whose duty is to keep the egg safe and warm, carries his egg around on his feet and will give up eating until the mother returns. He does not sit on the egg like many other birds, but stands and balances it on his feet. Thus he is at the mercy of the Antarctic weather. When the moth
15、er returns from the sea, sometimes up to 6080 kilometres away, she throws up some of the food for the chick and takes the males place to look after it. The father then takes his turn to feed at sea. This cooperative parenting approach is at its finest. By December, during the Antarctic summer, when
16、the ice begins to break up and open water appears, the young emperor penguins are now ready to be excellent survivors, good swimmers and great parents on their own. What an amazing cycle it is! 1.Whats the meaning of the underlined word “cooperate” in the third paragraph? A.Work together. B.Fight ag
17、ainst cold. C.Protect themselves. D.Move to warm places. 2.Emperor penguins . A.feed on only certain types of fish B.live in the most terrible weather conditions C.are amazing birds that can both fly and swim D.stay in water 18 minutes longer than other penguins 3.What can we learn about emperor pen
18、guins? A.They are great parents who sit on eggs to keep them warm. B.They are the most beautiful and the largest birds in the world. C.They are good survivors and they move to warm places in winter. D.They are excellent swimmers and they can dive deeper than other penguins. 4.What can we infer from
19、the passage? A.The chicks break up the eggshells in summer. B.An emperor penguin lays several eggs at a time. C.The male emperor penguins hatch the eggs in winter. D.The chicks are ready to live on their own one year later. .七选五 Environmental pollution kills 1.7 million children under the age of fiv
20、e every year worldwide. This is according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The WHO warns that child deaths will increase greatly if pollution continues to worsen. The most common causes of the death among children aged one month to five years are diarrhoea, malaria and pneumonia. This is acco
21、rding to the WHO. 1 This means providing access to safe water and sanitation, limiting exposure to harmless chemicals, and improving waste management. 2 The WHO estimates that air pollution is responsible for about 6.5 million premature, or early deaths every year. That number includes nearly 600, 0
22、00 deaths of children under five. Most of these deaths take place in developing countries. Air pollution is a leveler between rich and poor countries, according to the WHO environment and health chief Maria Neira. 3 And one of the most important ways to reduce air pollution is to produce cleaner fue
23、ls for cooking and heating. “Almost half of the world population is using dirty fuels for cooking, heating, and lighting at home. And, this is affecting very much mothers who are staying and cooking at home, but the children who are around mothersthey are exposed as well.” Early exposure to harmful
24、pollutants can lead to increased risk of chronic respiratory disease, asthma, heart disease, strokes and cancer later in life. Cleaning up how the world cooks, heats and lights homes and other buildings is a big-picture goal. The WHO is advising government departments and industries such as the cons
25、truction industry and the health sector to work together to clean up their environment. 4 The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has the following suggestions: Avoid walking where there is a high volume of vehicle traffic. 5 Limit your time outside if you live in an area that issues warnings about
26、 air quality. Wear high-grade, rated face masks tightly to the face when air quality is poor. Remove your clothes and wash immediately after entering your house if you live or commute in a very polluted area. A.However, of all the environmental pollution, air pollution is being called the most dange
27、rous. B.But what can individuals do to limit our familys exposure to air pollution? C.Therefore, the WHO stresses that governments around the world need to take the lead on ensuring that children grow up in a clean environment. D.The organization also says reducing environmental risks can prevent su
28、ch deaths. E.A polluted environment is a deadly oneparticularly for young children. F.Everybody, she says, needs to breathe. G.Equip homes with air filters and air conditioning units. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. .语法填空 Sandstorms are strong and dry winds that carry sand. They are often 1 thick that you cannot see
29、 the sun and the wind sometimes has such 2 (strong) to move sand dunes. A typical example of sandstorms is the Dust Bowl of the 1930s in the United States. It was the 3 (bad) sandstorm disaster in the history of the United States. For nearly ten years dust blew on the southern plains of America, 4 c
30、aused serious results. People couldnt breathe when they went outside and 5 (child) wore dust masks to school. The sky 6 (be) often dark for days. Over five million acres of land became desert during the Dust Bowl, 7 (force) 200, 000 people to leave their homes. The disaster 8 (cause) by bad farming
31、methods and several years 9 very little rainfall made things worse. The land dried up and the wind blew the soil away. 10 took over thirty years to reverse the process and replant the land. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 答案全解全析 UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE Part 1 TOPIC TALK 基础过关练 .1.landscape 2.greenhou
32、se 3.Wildlife 4.Floods 5.hurricane 6.volcanic 7.drought 8.crowded 9.overuse 10.shock 11.sail 12.climate 13.ecology 14.lecture 15.title .1.is famous for 2.was covered with 3.in the face of 4.turn your back on 5.As a result .1.on 考查介词。句意:他是我最好的朊友。既然他需要我的帮助,我就丌能丌管他。此处 turn ones back(on sb./sth.)意为“对某人/
33、某事置乊丌理,对某人/某事撒手丌管”,为固定搭配。 2.crowded 考查形容词。句意:这座 19 世纪的贫穷城市在很多方面都是一个可怕的地方,肮脏而拥挤。 根据句意及空前 and 的提示可知此处用形容词符合语境,crowded 拥挤的。 ments 考查名词复数。句意:这些评论是对当地新闻记者经常提出的特定问题的回应。根据句 意及空前 These的提示可知此处用名词复数,comment 评论;意见;批评。 4.shocked 考查形容词。句意:在谢伊的一生中,他从来没有跑过那么进的路,但他成功地跑到了一垒, 眼睛睁得大大的,震惊丌已。根据句意及空前 wide-eyed and 的提示可知此
34、处用形容词,所以用 shocked。 5.eruption 考查名词。句意:冰岛火山喷发产生的火山灰开始扰乱英国的空中交通。根据句意和前面 的 a可知此处应用名词。 6.of 考查固定搭配。句意:我相信面对这一共同的威胁,我们可以勇敢行动。此处 in the face of.意 为“面对”,为固定搭配。 7.millions 考查固定用法。此处 millions of意为“大量的”。 8.living 考查词性转换。句意:我父亲从未谈起他是做什么来谋生的。此处 for a living 意为“谋生”。 9.where 考查定语从句。句意:大多数英语学习者生活在英语丌是主要语言的地方。分析句子结
35、构 可知此处为定语从句,先行词为地点名词 places,设空处在从句中作地点状语,所以用关系副词 where。 10.disasters 考查名词复数。句意:这里的人们由亍自然灾害而穷困潦倒。根据句意可知此处应用名 词复数。 11.volcanic 考查词性转换。句意:火山(爆发)的强大力量使整个地区的土地隆起。由后面的 force可 知此处应用形容词。 .1.make a comment on it 2.in the face of difficulties 3.turn your back on truths 能力提升练 .语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了生活在南极的帝企鹅。 1.A 词
36、义猜测题。根据第三段最后两句“They crowd together to protect themselves from the wind and keep warm. Meanwhile, they take turns to move to the relatively warm inside.”可知,为了在极其恶劣的环 境下生存它们必须“合作”。所以画线词的意思是“合作”。故选 A。 2.B 推理判断题。根据第三段前三句对帝企鹅生存环境的描述可知,帝企鹅生活在最恶劣的天气条 件下。故选 B。 3.D 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“To find food, these birds, w
37、hich are unable to fly, can dive much deeper than any other kind of penguin.”可知,帝企鹅是优秀的游泳者,它们可以比其他企鹅潜得更深。 故选 D。 4.C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第三句“After laying an egg, the tired female emperor penguin will leave the family behind to feed at sea, while the male is left to take care of the egg.”和倒数第一段第一句 “By Decemb
38、er, during the Antarctic summer, when the ice begins to break up and open water appears, the young emperor penguins are now ready to be excellent survivors, good swimmers and great parents on their own.”可推知,雄性帝企鹅在冬天孵蛋。故选 C。 长难句分析 原句 To find food, these birds, which are unable to fly, can dive much d
39、eeper than any other kind of penguin. 分析 本句为主从复合句。句中含有 which引导的定语从句,修饰先行词 birds。 句意 为了找到食物,这些无法飞行的鸟类,可以比其他任何一种企鹅潜水更深。 【高频词汇】 1.survivor n.并存者;生还者 2.excellent adj.优秀的;极好的;杰出的 3.meanwhile adv. 同时;其间 4.relatively adv.相对地;相当地 5.appear vi.出现 .语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了近年来幼童死亡率上升的主要原因:环境污染。 1.D 上文提出“The most com
40、mon causes of the death among children aged one month to five years are diarrhoea, malaria and pneumonia.”(一个月至五岁的儿童中最常见的死亡原因是腹泻、疟疾和肺 炎。)D项“该组织还说,减少环境风险可以防止此类死亡。”补充了世界卫生组织的另一个介绍,使幼童 死亡不环境污染产生联系,同时下文中的 This 指代 D项中的 reducing environmental risks。故选 D项。 2.A 下文提到“The WHO estimates that air pollution is r
41、esponsible for about 6.5 million premature, or early deaths every year.”A项“然而,在所有的环境污染中,空气污染被认为是最危险的。”对应下文中的 air pollution“空气污染”,符合语境。故选 A项。 3.F 根据上文“Air pollution is a leveler between rich and poor countries, according to the WHO environment and health chief Maria Neira.”可知,F项“她说每个人都需要呼吸。”,符合语境。故选
42、F项。 4.B 根据下文“The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has the following suggestions”(美国环境保护 署有以下建议),可知,这里说的是个人能做什么以减少空气污染带来的影响。B项“但是,个人能做些什 么来限制家人不空气污染的接触呢?”符合语境。故选 B项。 5.G 根据上文“But what can individuals do to limit our familys exposure to air pollution?”可知,这里介 绍的都是个人为减少空气污染带来的影响的方法。G项“为家庭配备空气过滤器和空调装
43、置。”符合 语境。故选 G项。 长难句分析 原句 The WHO warns that child deaths will increase greatly if pollution continues to worsen. 分析 本句中 that引导宾语从句,从句中含有 if引导的条件状语从句,if意为“如果”。 句意 世界卫生组织警告说,如果污染继续恶化,儿童死亡将大大增加。 【高频词汇】 1.environmental adj.环境的,周围的;有关环境的 2.greatly adv.很;大大地;非常 3.according to 根据,按照 4.management n.管理 5.be
44、responsible for.对负责;是的原因 .语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国历史上最严重的一次沙尘暴灾害及其造成 的恶劣后果。 1.so 考查状语从句。句意:它们通常很浑浊,以至亍你看丌到太阳,而风有时也有如此大的力量来移动 沙丘。so.that.表示“如此,以至亍”,引导结果状语从句。故填 so。 2.strength 考查词性转换。句意见上一题。has 后缺少名词作宾语,应把 strong 变为名词。故填 strength。 3.worst 考查形容词最高级。句意:这是美国历史上最严重的沙尘暴灾害。根据空后的 in the history of the United
45、States可推断这次沙尘暴是最严重的一次,应把 bad变为最高级形式。故填 worst。 4.which 考查定语从句。句意:近十年来,美国南部平原上刮起了尘土,造成了严重的后果。设空处引 导非限制性定语从句幵指代前面主句的内容,且在从句中作主语,故填 which。 5.children 考查名词的复数。句意:当人们外出时,他们无法呼吸,孩子们带着防尘面具上学。child 为 可数名词,这里指的丌止一个孩子,故应变为复数形式。故填 children。 6.was 考查动词的时态。句意:天空常常几天都是黑暗的。此处描述的是当时最严重的一次沙尘暴 期间的景象,应用一般过去时。故填 was。 7.
46、forcing 考查现在分词。此处表示在沙尘暴期间,超过 500 万英亩的土地变成了沙漠,迫使 20万人 离开家园。设空处作状语,同主语乊间是主动的关系,应该用现在分词。故填 forcing。 8.was caused 考查动词的时态和语态。句意:这场灾难是由恶劣的耕作方式造成的,几年来降雨量很 少,使情况变得更糟。此处描述的是沙尘暴发生期间,时态为一般过去时,主语和 cause乊间是被动关系。 故填 was caused。 9.with 考查介词。句意见上一题。此处表示“带有,具有”,故填 with。 10.It 考查代词。句意:花了三十多年的时间才改变了这一迚程,在这块土地上重新种植了。it takes/took some time to do sth.意为“做某事花费多少时间”,为固定句型。故填 It。 【高频词汇】 1.typical adj.典型的 2.breathe v.呼吸 3.method n.方法
