人教版九年级全册英语 Unit13知识点+练习(无答案).doc

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1、1 Unit 13 Were trying to save the earth . 重点重点 1. Even the bottom of the river was full of rubbish. 即使河底都充满垃圾。 2. Everyone in town should play a part in cleaning it up.城里的每个人都应当尽一 份力把它清理干净。 3. The air is badly polluted because there are too many cars on the road these days. 空气被严重污染因为如今路上的汽车太多了。 4. T

2、o cut down air pollution, we should take the bus or subway instead of driving. 为了减少空气污染,我们应当乘坐公汽或地铁而不是开车。 5. I used to be able to see stars in the sky.我过去能在天空中看到星星。 难点难点 1. at the bottom of the river 在河床底部 2. be full of the rubbish 充满了垃圾 3. throw litter into the river 把垃圾扔入河中 4. play a part in clean

3、ing it up 尽一份力把它清理干净 5. land pollution 土地污染 6. fill the air with black smoke 使空气中充满了黑烟 7. cut down air pollution 减少空气污染 8. make a difference 产生影响 易错点易错点 1. 时态的区分 2. 熟练掌握各个时态的被动语态并能熟练运用 高频考点高频考点 综合复习(现在进行时态、现在完成时态、被动语态、used to 、情态动词) 2 litter v. 乱扔 n. 垃圾;废弃物 napkin n. 餐巾;餐巾纸 bottom n. 底部;最下部 upside d

4、own 颠倒;倒转 fisherman n. 渔民;钓鱼的人 gate n. 大门 coal n. 煤;煤块 bottle n. 瓶;瓶子 public adj. 公众的;公共的 n. 民众; 百 姓 president n. 负责人;主席;总统 ugly adj. 丑陋的;难看的 inspiration n. 灵感; 鼓舞人心的人 (或事物) advantage n. 优点;有利条件 metal n. 金属 cost v. 花费 n. 花费;价钱 creativity n. 创造力;独创性 wooden adj. 木制的;木头的 Wild Aid 野生救援协会(美国) plastic adj

5、. 塑料的 n. 塑料;塑胶 WWF (World Wide Fund For Nature) 世界自然基金会 make a difference 有关系,作用,影响 Mark 马克(男名) shark n. 鲨鱼 Jason 贾森(男名) fin n(.鱼)鳍 Ken 肯(男名) cut off 割掉;砍掉 Hayes 海斯(姓) method n. 方法;措施 Jessica 杰茜卡(女名) cruel adj. 残酷的;残忍的 industry n. 工业;行业 harmful adj. 有害的 law n. 法律;法规 chain n. 链子;链条 reusable adj.可重复使用

6、的;可再次使用的 ecosystem n. 生态系统 afford v. 承担得起(后果) ;买得起 low adj(.数量等)减少的;低的;矮 的 transportation n. 运输业;交通运输 industry n. 工业;行业 recycle v. 回收利用;再利用 3 第一部分:词汇精讲第一部分:词汇精讲 1. cost v 价钱为,花费价钱为,花费 n.价钱,代价;花费,费用价钱,代价;花费,费用 例句: The cost of a loaf of bread has increased five-fold. 一条面包的价钱增长了 4 倍。 Its going to cost

7、me over $100,000 to buy new trucks. 买几辆新卡车将花掉我 10 万多美元。 【拓展】 动词 spend take cost pay 主语 人 it / 事情 物 人 花/值 钱/时间 时间 钱 钱 过去式 spent took cost paid 1、cost.只能花费金钱,且主语必须是物。eg.It cost me 20 dollors. 2、spend.既可以花费金钱,又可以花费时间,主语一般是人。 两个句型:spend sm.st. to do sth.和 spend sm.st.(in)doing sth. eg.I spent 50 yuan to

8、 buy a toy car .I spent 50 yuan (in) buying a toy car. 3、take.一般是形式主语 it 作主语, 句型:It takes sb. st. to do sth eg .It took me 50minutes to do my homework. 4、pay.主语是人。 短语:pay for 为 付款 eg.Ipay150 dollors for the sweaters. 2. set up 竖立;升起竖立;升起; 建立;设立;创立建立;设立;创立; 创造(纪录等)创造(纪录等) They set up some stones as l

9、and marks他们竖起一些石头当界碑。 The school has set up a special class to help poor readers The French team set up a new record at tonights meeting来源:学科网 【联想】关于 up 的词组 give up 放弃 look up 查询,查找 use up 用完,用光 get up 起床 stand up 起立 pick up 捡起 grow up 长大 3. known for: 以以而着名而着名,出名出名,以见长以见长 Mrs. brown is known for he

10、r hospitality .布朗夫人以其好客闻名。 London used to be a city known for its black fogs. 伦敦的黑雾一向闻名。 4 【拓展】 be known as: 以作为而著称=be famous as Now he was known as a steady man. 现在他已被大家认为是一个可靠的人。 Be famous for 因-而著名 Beijing is famous for the Great Wall. 4. not only but also: not onlybut also不但不但-而且而且- 用于连接两个表示并列关系

11、的成分,其中的 also 有时可以省略。 She not only plays well, but also writes music. 她不仅很会演奏,而且还会作曲。 He works not only on weekdays but on Sundays. We were not only hungry, but also tired. 我们不但饿了,而且也累了。 【拓展】当 not onlybut also 连接两个主语时,谓语动词的数原则上与其相近的主语保持一致。 Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the

12、film. 不仅学生们在欣赏这部影片,他们的老师也在欣赏这部影片。 就近原则,即:谓语与靠近的名词、代词(在人称、数上一致。 例如:there be句型; or ; either or;nor; neithernor;whetheror;notbut; not onlybut also ; 等。e.g. What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行为或言谈都与我无关。 Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都没错。 Not you but your father is to blame . 不是你,而是你

13、父亲该受责备。 Not only you but(also) he is wrong .不仅你错了,他也错了。 5. pull down: 拆毁拆毁,拉倒拉倒 A small crowd attempted to pull down a statue. 一小伙人试图推倒一尊塑像。 They have managed to pull down the old building. 他们已拆毁了那幢旧建筑. 【短语】let down 让失望 1)She doesnt want to let her friend down. 她不想让她的朋友失望。 2)They won the game and di

14、dnt let us down/frustrate us.他们不负众望,赢得了这场比赛。 其它短语 1)slow down 减速 2)turn down 关小点 3)put down 放下 4)write down 写下,记下 5)sit down 坐下 6)calm down 静下来 7)fall down 跌落,掉下 8)lay down 躺下 9)look down 向下看,轻视 10)cut down 砍倒 5 6. advantage advantage 是名词,意为“优点;好处;有利条件 ” 。例如: This bicycle has many advantages. 这辆自行车有

15、许多优点。 Studying English has many advantages. 学习英语有许多好处。 【拓展】 disadvantage 是 advantage 的反义词,意为“缺点;弊端;不利条件” 。例如: When you visit France, it is a disadvantage if you cannot speak French. 当你访问法国时,如果你不会讲法语,那可是个不利条件。 7. instead of instead of 是介词短语,意为“代替,而不是” ,后面可以跟与前面并列成分相应的名词、代词、动词 -ing 形式等作为介词宾语。例如: He we

16、nt to the cinema instead of going to school. 他去了电影院而不是学校。 【拓展】 (1) instead 作副词,意为“代替,而不是” ,常用作状语。例如: He is tired. Let me go instead. 他累了,让我替他去吧。 She never studies. Instead, she plays tennis all day. 她从不学习,而是整天打网球。 (2)instead 和 instead of 的辨析: instead 是副词,后面不接其他的词,一般情况下可不译出,通常放在句首或句末,在句首时常用逗号 隔开,表示前面

17、的事没做,而做了后面的事。例如: He didnt go to school. Instead, he went to the cinema. 他没有去学校,相反他去了电影院。 Instead of lending a hand, he laughed at us.他不仅没有帮我们一把,反而嘲笑我们。 8. cut off cut off 是固定搭配,意为“切除;切掉” 。例如: The slide cut off the valley from the rest of the world. 山崩切断了这个山谷与外界的联系。 【拓展】 “动词 + off”构成的短语有: take off 起飞

18、,脱下 put off 推迟 turn off 关闭 get off 下车 fall off从掉下来 break off 终止 pay off 付清 9. make a difference make a difference 意为“起作用,有影响” 。例如: The fact that I can now organize my own time makes a big difference. 现在我能自己安排时间了,这对我有很大的作用。 6 Whatever you can do can make a difference. 无论你能做什么,都会带来不同。 10. the number o

19、f the number of 意为“的数量” ,后接可数名词复数,谓语动词用单数形式。例如: The number of people speaking Chinese is larger than that of those speaking English. 说汉语的人数要大于 说英语的人数。 【拓展】 a number of 意为 “许多” , 后面接可数名词的复数形式, 谓语动词用复数形式。 number 前面可以用 large, great,small 等修饰,构成 a large number of; a small number of 等。例如: I have a number

20、 of letters to write. 我有许多信件要写。 A large number of students in our school are from the countryside. 我们学校许多学生来自农村。 A small number of students in our class went swimming yesterday. 昨天我们班一小部分学生去游泳了。 11. although although 的意思相当于 though,意为“尽管,虽然” ,用来引导让步状语从句。它所引导的从句不能与并 列连词 but; and; so 等连用,但可以和 yet; stil

21、l 等词连用。例如: Although he lives alone, he doesnt feel lonely.= He lives alone, but he doesnt feel lonely. 虽然他一个人住,但他并不感到孤独。 There is air all around us, although we cannot see it. 虽然我们看不见空气,但空气却存在于我们的周围。 【拓展】although 与 though 的辨析: (1) 用作连词,表示“虽然” ,二者可以互换使用,但 although 比 though 更为正式。例如: Though/Although it

22、 was raining, we still went there. 虽然下着雨,但我们还是去了那里。 (2) although 一般不用作副词, 而 though 可用作副词, 且一般放在句末 (不放在句首) , 意为 “可是, 不过” 。 例如: Its hard work; I enjoy it, though. 工作很辛苦,可是我很喜欢。 We all tried our best. We lost the game, though. 我们都尽力最大努力,但我们还是输了。 (3) 在 as though(好像,仿佛),even though(即使,纵然)等固定短语中不能用 althou

23、gh。例如: He talks as though he knew everything. 他夸夸其谈,好像无所不知。 12. take part in take part in 意为“参加” ,常指参加群众性的活动、会议、劳动、游行等,往往指参加者持有积极的 态度,起一定作用。take part in 之后接名词或动名词。例如: I didnt take part in the sports meeting yesterday because I was ill. 7 我没有参加昨天的运动会,因为我病了。 Everyone can take part in gardening. 每个人都可以

24、参加到园艺活动中来。 【拓展】join 是动词,意为“加入” 。指加入某一党派、组织或社会团体,以及参军等,并成为其中一 员。其后常出现 club, army, team, group 以及人称代词宾格等。例如: join the swimming club 参加游泳俱乐部 join the army 参军 join us 加入到我们的行列 13. afford afford 常用作及物动词,意为买(经受)得起;给予,提供,其后常接名词、代词或动词不定式 作宾语,afford 后还可接双宾语。 This kind of computer is too expensive and I cant

25、afford it这种电脑太贵了,我买不起。 At last I can afford a watch我终于买得起一只手表了。 I could not afford so much money for a bicycle我出不起那么多钱买一辆自行车。 Ill afford you a chance我将给你提供一个机会。 词汇精练词汇精练 I. 英汉互译。英汉互译。 1. make a difference _ 2. cut off _ 3. lead to_ 4. be full of _ 5. take part in_ 6. 关闭_ 7. hear of _ 8. 扔掉_ 9. 对有害_

26、10. be made of _ II. 根据句意及首字母和汉语提示写出所缺单词。根据句意及首字母和汉语提示写出所缺单词。 1. I have a simple and easy m_ to solve the problem. 2. We shouldnt be _ (残忍的) to animals. 3. Its h_ to your health to drink too much. 4. The city is the _ (工业) center of the country. 5. The car is too expensive, I cant a_ it. 6. Dont thr

27、ow _ (垃圾) everywhere. 7. In winter, many people burn c_ to keep warm. 8. The police found a body at the _ (底部) of the lake. 9. The _ (费用) of living in big cities is very high. 10. He keeps a rabbit in a big _ (木制的) box. III. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. The old man used _ (be) a teacher. 8 2.

28、 We should _ (clean) the room every day. 3. Look! Tom _ (sleep) in his room. 4. Lots of trees _ (plant) on the hill every year. 5. He _ (live) here for 20 years. 第二部分:重点句型第二部分:重点句型 1. This method is not only cruel ,but also harmful to the environment .这种方式不仅残忍,也对环这种方式不仅残忍,也对环 境有害。境有害。 【短语】harmful ad

29、j.对有害的;能造成损害的;不利;不良 Smoking is harmful to our health. 吸烟对人类的健康有害。 【拓展】be bad for 对-不好/有害 be good for 对-有好处 2.When people catch sharks ,they cut off their fins and throw the shark back into the ocean .当人当人 们抓住鲨鱼的时候,他们切掉它们的鳍,然后把鲨鱼扔回海里。们抓住鲨鱼的时候,他们切掉它们的鳍,然后把鲨鱼扔回海里。 【短语】cut off :切掉,扔掉 例如:The slide cut of

30、f the valley from the rest of the world .山崩切断了这个山谷与外界的联系。 【拓展】动词+off 构成的短语 take off :脱掉,起飞 get off 下车 Turn off :关闭 set off 出发 Put off 推迟 show off 炫耀 Run off 跑掉 keep off 远离,不接触 3.Have you ever thought about how these things can actually be put to good use ? 你曾经考虑过如何使这些东西能真正地被好好利用吗?你曾经考虑过如何使这些东西能真正地被好

31、好利用吗? 【短语】put-to good use :好好利用 They are going to put these old clothes to good use . 【拓展】put 相关的短语 Put away 将-收起 put on 穿上,上演 Put down 放下,记下 put out 熄灭 9 Put through 给-接通电话 put back 放回 Put up 张贴,搭建 4.She opened a small shop where she sells her bags ,and she has also set up a website to sell them on

32、line.她开了一家小商店,在那里她卖她的包,她还建立了一个网站进行网上销售。她开了一家小商店,在那里她卖她的包,她还建立了一个网站进行网上销售。 【拓展语法】where 在这里是关系副词,在句中引导定语从句,修饰先行词 shop ,并在从句中充当地 点状语。例如: This is the city where I was born .这是我出生的城市。 【短语】set up :建立,成立 We decided to set up a cooperative .我们决定成立一家合作社。 5. And remember to throw rubbish in the bins and keep

33、public places clean and beautiful for everyone .而且要记住把垃圾扔进垃圾箱,为所有人保持公共场所的干净和美丽。而且要记住把垃圾扔进垃圾箱,为所有人保持公共场所的干净和美丽。 remember 作动词,意为“记得”。与 forget 意思相反。例如: Please remember his name. 请记得他的名字。 【拓展】 (1)remember to do sth.表示“记得要做某事”,事情还没有做。例如: Remember to turn off the light when you leave. 离开时记得关灯。 (2)remember

34、 doing sth.表示“记得曾经做过某事”,事情已经做过了。例如: He remembered going to Shanghai with his parents when he was five years old. 他记得五岁时曾经和父母去过上海。 6. Many have heard of shark fin soup. hear of 意为“听说,听到”,相当于 hear about。 例如: I have never heard of him. 我从来没听人说起过他。 【拓展】hear; hear of 与 hear from 的辨析: (1) hear“听见,听说”。 当“听

35、见” 讲时, 强调结果,可直接带宾语或用于 hear sb. / sth. do/ doing sth. 意为“听见某人/某物(在)做某事”,当“听说”时,后面常接从句。例如: Can you hear a bird singing in the tree now? 你现在能听见鸟在树上唱歌吗? I heard that she passed the exam. 我听说她通过考试了。 10 (2) hear of“听说,得知”,后面接名词或代词,指听到某人或某事的存在或消息。例如: Jim disappeared and nobody heard of him. Jim 不知去向,没有人再听到

36、他的消息。 (3) hear from“收到来信”,后面常接人作宾语。例如: Have you ever heard from your pen pal? 你是否收到过笔友的来信。 7. What about waste pollution? What about 意为“怎么样?”,可用来询问有关情况、提出建议或征求意见等。about 是介词, 后面接名词、代词或动名词,即: what about + sb./sth. (可接表示人或物的名词及代词) what about + doing sth. 例如: What about sitting in the garden? 在花园里坐坐怎么样?

37、 Im going to the park. What about you? 我要去公园,你呢? What about your exam last week, Tom? Tom,你上周考试怎么样? 【拓展】 What about?与 How about 通常可以互换,后接名词、代词或动名词,但不能接动词不定式或动词 原形。 8. They have even asked governments to develop laws to stop the sale of shark fins. ask sb. to do sth.为固定结构, 意为 “要求某人做某事” , 其否定形式为 ask s

38、b. not to do sth., 意为 “要 求某人别做某事”。例如: He asks Tom to stay with him. 他要求汤姆跟他一起留下。 Miss Zhang asks Jack not to come late again. 张老师要求杰克不要再迟到了。 【拓展】ask 的常见搭配: (1) 与介词 for 连用,有“要求得到”的意思。例如: Mary asks her father for money. 玛丽向她父亲要钱。 (2) 与 about 连用,表示询问或打听关于某事的情况。例如: Uncle Hill asked about you the other d

39、ay. 前些日子希尔大叔问起过你。 11 句式精练句式精练 I. 根据汉语提示,完成英语句子(每空一词)。根据汉语提示,完成英语句子(每空一词)。 1. 多一个人少一个人无所谓。 One person wouldnt _ _ _. 2. 这个木箱装满了书。 The _ box _ _ _ books. 3. 这条小路通向公园。 The path _ _ the park. 4. 我错拿了你的包。 I took your bag _ _ mine by mistake. 5. 我从没听说过这个人。 I have never _ _such a man. 6. 到目前为止,我已经交了二十个朋友。

40、_ _, I have made twenty friends. 7. 我们必须采取行动来阻止他们。 We must _ _ to stop them. 8. 她扔掉了昨天的报纸。 She _ _ yesterdays newspaper. 9. 请别将杯子倒置。 Please dont turn the cup _ _. 10. 我在新的工作中充分地利用了我的经验。 I _ my experience _ _ _in my new work. II. 将下面的句子将下面的句子改为同义句。改为同义句。 1. Both Tom and I were in the school library y

41、esterday. _ _ Tom _ _ I was in the school library yesterday. 2. Reading in bed does harm to your eyes. Reading in bed _ _ _ your eyes. 3. The old car caused me lots of trouble. The old car caused _ _ trouble _ me. 12 4. He spent ten yuan on the book. He _ ten yuan _ the book. 5. My hair needs cuttin

42、g. My hair needs _ _ _. III. 补全对话补全对话(有两项是多余的有两项是多余的)。 (Kitty and Mark meet outside the school gate after school.) A. See you. B. Yes, thats right. C. Will you help me? D. Where is the party? E. Im sure youll like it. F. Shall we buy some fruit? G. Were going to play some games. A:Hi, Mark. Bens bir

43、thday is coming. Im planning a surprise party for him this Saturday. 1 B:Sure, Kitty. Im free. What are we going to do at the party? A: 2 Well also have a barbecue. Someone will bring Ben to the party without telling him. B:Really? You mean he doesnt know the party at all? A: 3 Weve also prepared so

44、me gifts for him. B:Sounds great. Im looking forward to it. 4 A:Its in my house. You can come earlier. See you then. B:OK. 5 第三部分:语法点拨第三部分:语法点拨 1、时态知识总结、时态知识总结 时态 用法 构成 一般现在时 表示现阶段反复或经常发 生的动作或状态。 am, is, are/do, does 1. He always_ (work) hard. 2. We_ (have) six lessons every day. 3. Our school _(be)

45、 near to the park. 一般过去时 表示过去某时间发生的动 作,存在的状态; did/was, were 1. We_ (help) old Henry yesterday. 2. We _(be) all very excited. 一般将来时 表示将来发生的动作,存 在的状态。 will/shall + do/be be going to +do/be 1. He_ (visit) Paris next month. 2. The rain_ (stop) soon. 现在进行时 表示说话瞬间或现阶段正 在发生的动作。 am/ is/ arev-ing 1. Look! Th

46、ey_(plant) trees there. 13 2. Mr Wang_ (write) a book these days. 过去进行时 表示过去某时刻正在发生 的动作。 was/ were + v-ing 1. When you telephoned me, I _ (watch) a movie. 2. He _ (have) lunch at 6 oclock yesterday. 现在完成时 表示已发生的动作对现在 造成的影响或结果或过去 已开始的动作延续到现 在,并有可能持续下去。 have/has + done(过去分词) 1. I _ (see) the movie man

47、y times. 2. He _ (live) in Beijing for 10 years. 时态题解题方法时态题解题方法找准时间状语或时态标志词找准时间状语或时态标志词 你能判断出它们是哪种时态的典型时间状语或标志词吗? 现在进行时态:now, at the moment(此刻), look! , listen! at present (目前), these days 现在完成时态:already(已经,用于肯定句) ,yet(还,用于否定句和疑问句)just(刚刚) , before(以前) ,ever(曾经) ,never(从来没有)recently(最近) , since+时间点(自从) , for +时间段,so far(到目前为止) , in the last/past few years(在过去的几年里), up to no

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