1、Attributive clause 很忙碌的老师 很开心的老师 busy happy 定语 定语从句的构成要素 Attributive clause Grace is a teacher who is busy but happy. 定语从句:从句作定语，修饰或限定人、物或事 比较adj作定语和从句作定语区别 定语从句的构成要素 Attributive clause 先行词 被从句修饰或限定的对象 关系词 代指被修饰或限定的对象， 在从句中充当一定成份 Tom is my friend who is a dancer. Tom is my friend and he is a dancer.
2、 定语从句的构成要素 Attributive clause 先行词 关系词 Nobody likes people who are lazy. I dont know who you are. The news that she spread turned out to be untrue. The news that Russia will attack America turned out to be untrue. 解题： 找先行词 查从句 定关系词 定语从句的构成要素 Attributive clause 先行词的判定和位置 先行词是什么？ （1）名词，代词(one, those, h
3、e) e.g. The beauty of a woman is not in the clothes she wears, the figure she carries, or the way she combs her hair. e.g. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of which uses it differently. e.g. This company brings out television, radio and newspaper that are welcomed by ma
4、ny audience. （2）可以是名词短语 Attributive clause 先行词的判定和位置 e.g. He said that a doctor from China had won Nobel Prize, which is true. （3）先行词也可以是从句 e.g. Until now, we have raised 20,000 pounds for the poor children, which is unexpected. e.g. My boyfriend likes dancing with other girls, which drives me crazy
5、. （4）先行词还可以是一个句子，指代具体某件事 Attributive clause 先行词的判定和位置 先行词的位置 The student in my class who hasnt come yet is a girl. There are lots of work to do,so questions will arise which have special answers. Attributive clause 先行词的判定和位置 如何判定先行词 （1）理解句子大意 （2）关系词前找名词，代词，短语和从句 Attributive clause 先行词的判定和位置 先行词可以是单词
6、、名词短语、从句和一 个完整的句子 根据先行词的结构和位置 先行词位置灵活 Attributive clause 关系代词that, which用法 that在从句中充当主语和宾语 Among the many dangers that sailors have to face, probably the greatest one is fog. I want to buy the car that was made by Germany. The woman that lives next door is vey beautiful. Attributive clause 关系代词that,
7、 which用法 which在从句中充当主语和宾语 You will find taxis at bus station which you can hire to reach home. Mary has published two books, both of which are translated into different languages. Attributive clause 关系代词that, which用法 关系代词 在从句中的成分 搭配的先行词 that 主语，宾语（可省略） 人或物 which 主语，宾语（可省略） 物 Attributive clause 关系代词w
8、hich和that 只用that 1.Which of the cars that are in the parking lot is yours? 2.The bike and its owner that had run over an old man were taken to the police station. 3.Id like to tell you something that will make you surprised. 主句中中已有who或which时 先行词有人又有物 先行词为不定代词 Attributive clause 关系代词which和that 只用that
9、 4.He is the most handsome boy that Ive ever met. 5.This the third time they have met. 6.This is the very room that I slept very well in that evening. 7.Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before. 先行前有最高级修饰 先行前有序数词修饰 先行前有the very，the only等修饰 两个定从， 其中一个已有which， 另一
10、个宜用that Attributive clause 关系代词which和that 只用which 1.This is the hotel in which you will stay. 2.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open. 3.The fish, which I bought this morning, is very fresh. 关系代词前有介词 两个定语从句，避免重复 引导非限制性定于从句且指物 Attributive clause 关系代词that, whi
11、ch用法 The world that we live in is beautiful. The world in which we live is beautiful. The world in that we live is beautiful. Attributive clause exercises Is there anything you want to buy in town? This is the only thing we can do now. The house we live is very large. This is the question weve had s
12、o much discussion about. This is the question weve had so mu ch discussion. that that in which that/which/ about which Attributive clause exercises They are talking about the students and the school they visited yesterday. We havent got much we can offer you. The only thing we can do is to give you
13、some money. Whats that is under the desk? I saw a desk _ there was a book. that that that which on which Attributive clause exercises All _ is needed is a supply of oil. A. the thing B. that C. what D. which 答案B 解析 先行词是不定代词all， 其限定性定语从句应由 关系代词that引导，在该定语从句中充当主语。 Attributive clause exercises The newl
14、y built caf, the walls of_ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work. A. that B.it C. what D. which 答案D 解析 介词后只能用which或者whom, 先行词为物就用 which 先行词为人就用whom.本题先行词为The newly built caf为物 就用which Attributive clause exercises 1.Is there any question _ troubles you
15、 much? A. which B. that C. who D. what 2.The last place _we visited was the Great Wall. A. which B. that C. where D. it 3.He talked happily about the men and books_ interested him greatly in the school. A. which B. that C. it D. whom B B B Attributive clause exercises 4.This is one of the best books
16、_. A. that have ever been written B. that has written C. that has ever been written D. that have written A Attributive clause exercises 5.He wrote a letter to me to tell me everything_ he saw on the way to the Paris. A. what B. that C. which D. where 6.Whos the lady _ you just shook hands with? A. w
17、hat B. that C. which D. who 7.Im one of the boys _ never late for school. A. that is B. who are C. who is D. which are B B B Attributive clause 非限制性定语从句 形式上 I have a daughter who is a teacher. I have a daughter, who is a teacher. 语义上 1）限制性定语从句对先行词有明显的限制作用，如果去掉，句 义不完整或者完全失去意义。 2）非限制性定语从句对先行词仅起补充说明的作用
18、，如果去掉， 并不影响句子意思。 Attributive clause 非限制性定语从句 例句 The old woman, who lives on her own, has a cat for company. Laura is going to marry Mark, whom she is falling in love with. Beijing, which is the capital of China, is very beautiful. Dogs, which are friends of people, are becoming more and more popular
19、. Attributive clause 非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 与先行词关系密切 （删掉后影响意思的表达） 与先行词关系不密切 （补充说明，删掉后不影响意思的表达） 不用逗号分开 一般用逗号分开 可用关系代词that 不可用关系代词that 关系代词可省略 关系代词不可省略 读时不停顿 读时停顿，用降调 只修饰先行词，不修饰主句或主句的一 部分 可以修饰主句或主句的一部分，此时 一定有逗号，只能由which Attributive clause 非限制性定语从句 I have a daughter that is a teacher.
20、 我有一个当老师的女儿。 I have a daughter, who is a teacher. 我有一个女儿，她是老师。 可能有多个女儿 就一个女儿 Attributive clause 非限制性定语从句 定语从句中，标点符号后不选？介词后也不选？ Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, of course, made all the others upset. We have launched another man-made satellite, is announced in todays newspaper.
21、 which which Attributive clause 关系代词who/whom/whose 关系代词 在从句中的成分 搭配的先行词 who 主语、宾语 人 whom 宾语 人 whose 定语 人、物 Attributive clause 关系代词who/whom/whose 关系代词 在从句中的成分 搭配的先行词 who 主语、宾语 人 whom 宾语 人 whose 定语 人、物 that 主语，宾语（可省略） 人或物 which 主语，宾语（可省略） 物 Attributive clause 关系代词who/whom/whose who/whom区别 I know a guy.
22、 He is a doctor. I know a guy who is a doctor. She is the girl. I will go Shanghai with her. She is the girl who/whom I will go Shanghai with. She is the girl with whom I will go Shanghai. Attributive clause 关系代词who/whom/whose There are 50 ss in our class and half of wear glasses. There are 50 ss in
23、 our class, half of wear glasses. who指人，在从句中做主语也可以做宾语。 whom指人，在从句中做宾语。 介词后只能用whom，不能跟who them whom Attributive clause 关系代词who/whom/whose whose表所属关系 who whom whose 主格 宾格 所有格 Attributive clause 关系代词who/whom/whose whose表所属关系 Do you know Peter? His father is very rich. Do you know Peter whose father is
24、very rich? He wants a room. Its window faces south. He wants a room whose window faces south. He wants a room the window of which faces south. whose既可指人，又可指物 Attributive clause 介词+关系代词的灵活运用 There are 50 ss in our class, half of whom wear glasses. He wants a wants a room the window of which faces sou
25、th. The world in which we live is beautiful. Its too late outside. There is nobody to whom she can turn. Attributive clause 介词+关系代词的灵活运用 The world in which we live is beautiful. We live in a world. The world is beautiful. There are 50 ss in our class, half of whom wear glasses. There are 50 ss in ou
26、r class. Half of them wear glasses. 介词+which 介词+whom Attributive clause 介词+关系代词的灵活运用 The girl whom you work is Cathy. The farm which we worked ten years ago is beautiful. This is the tree which we used to play games. Care of soul is a gradual process which even small details of life should be consid
27、ered. with on under during/in 根据从句选介词 Attributive clause 介词+关系代词的灵活运用 The ease with which Tom cracked the complex was unbelievable. Tom cracked the complex sentence with ease. The ease was unbelievable. 根据先行词选介词 at the rate（ 以的速度;按的比率）; in the direction; to the extent（在范围/限度内）; by the means; in prac
28、tice; to the degree（到.的程度） Attributive clause 介词+关系代词的灵活运用 找准先行词 将先行词还原至从句 选择合适的介词将从句与先行词连接 Attributive clause 介词+关系代词的灵活运用 He is the man you can depend. I wish to thank Professor Hu, help I would never have got this far. Have you found the book _ I paid $10? Have you found the book _ I spent $10? T
29、his is my pair of glasses, _ I cann ot see clearly. on whom without whose for which on which without which Attributive clause 介词+关系代词的灵活运用 介词+关系代词中of的用法 English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of which uses it differently. The company, of which he was the chairman, has made a
30、lot of money. We had a meeting the purpose of which was not clear. He wants a wants a room the window of which faces south. Attributive clause 介词+关系代词的灵活运用 of在定语从句中表所属关系或整体与部分的 关系。 常见结构：不定代词/数量词/形容词比较或最 高级+ of which/whom，表示数量或某种特点。 all, each, either, neither, none, little, few, many, much, half, sev
31、eral Attributive clause 介词+关系代词的灵活运用 固定搭配的介宾短语 He may be late, in which case we should wait for him. He was a great writer, in whose honor this statue was built. Attributive clause 介词+关系代词 定语从句中介词不可以提前的短语 关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时，介词既可置于从句之首， 亦可置于从句之末。但以置于从句之首较为正式。如： This is the book for which you asked. 这是
32、你所要的书。 This is the book which you asked for. 这是你所要的书。 如果介系词与动词或形容词组成固定词组时，介系词就不可以提 前了，如： The old woman whom he is taking care of is my grandmother. 他正 在照顾的那位老人是我的外婆。 Attributive clause 介词+关系代词 凡是结构紧密含介词的短语动词，在定语从句中 不能把介词提前到关系代词前，例如 look after, look for, take care of, be afraid of，等等。 1.含有介词的动词短语固定搭配
33、一般不拆开使用, 如：look for, look after, take care of等 (1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (2) This is the watch for which I am looking. T F Attributive clause 关系代词中的异类as/but as引导的定语从句 As is known to all ,the earth moves around the sun. She is very careful, as her work shows. Attributive clau
34、se 关系代词中的异类as/but As在定语从句中用法灵活： 位置：句首、句中、句尾 先行词：完整的句子 主语、宾语 Attributive clause 关系代词中的异类as/but As和which异同 Tom has found a good job, as/which we all hope. 都可引导非限制性定语从句， 可充当主语、宾语、表语 Attributive clause 关系代词中的异类as/but As和which异同 His mother is ill, makes him very sad. He has made great progress, makes us
35、very happy. 都可指代整个句子或句子中的一部分 which which Attributive clause 关系代词中的异类as/but As和which异同 As is often pointed out, playing computer game is a two-edged weapon. as可在句首，which？ Attributive clause 关系代词中的异类as/but As和which异同 She is so nice a girl we all like. It is such an interesting book we all want to read
36、. 当先行词前有so+adj.+a/an, such+(a/an)+adj., the same 等词修饰时，只能用as as as Attributive clause 关系代词中的异类as/but As和which异同 you expected, he arrived on time. is said about, he has gone over the difficult time. as在从句中作主语，常用系表结构或被动 As As Attributive clause 关系代词中的异类as/but As和which异同 He has succeeded in his career,
37、 we all hope. Her grandma died last week, made her very sad. As引导的非限定从含积极意义， 与主句不矛盾，是顺理成章的关系 若为消极含义，则用which as/which which Attributive clause 关系代词中的异类as/but As和which异同 He has a new computer, he paid nearly ten thousand yuan. 非限定语从句前有介词，只能用？ for which Attributive clause 关系代词中的异类as/but As和which异同 As i
38、s well known/ as we all know As is said above As might be imagined As it reported As has been pointed Attributive clause 关系代词中的异类as/but David, you know, is a photographer. Zhang Yu is sleepy, is often the case. I may have to work late, case Ill telephone you. _is reported in the newspaper, talks bet
39、ween the two countries are making progress. as as in which As Attributive clause 关系代词中的异类as/but as在定于从句中含有“正如”“由可知” She got married to Jack, was excepted. She got married to Jack, was unexcepted. as which Attributive clause 关系代词中的异类as/but There is no mother but loves her children 没有不爱自己孩子的母亲. There
40、was no one present but knew the story already 在场的人都知道这个故事. but引导定语从句,在从句中作主语,意义上相 当于 who not或that not,即用在否定词或具 有否定意义的词后,构成双重否定。 Attributive clause 关系代词中的异类as/but There was no one present but knew the story already 在场的人都知道这个故事 我们班上没有一个人不想帮你。 There is no one in our class but wants to help you 任何人都喜欢被赞
41、扬。 There is no one but likes to be praised. Attributive clause 关系副词when/where/why when引导的定语从句 由when引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示 时间的词，如time, day, date等，when在从句中 做状语。 可以替换为 介词+which Attributive clause 关系副词when/where/why I will never forget the day when we first met. I will never forget the day when we spent toge
42、ther. I will always remember the days when I lived with my grandparents in the country. I will never forget the day which we spent together. Attributive clause 关系副词when/where/why The day when I met the famous pop star was the greatest day of my life. when指代on the day,因此when=on which Do you still rem
43、ember the year when we worked together in the company? when指代in the year,因此when=in which Attributive clause 关系副词when/where/why Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you. when指代the days,因此when=during which Ill never forget the moment when I first met Mr. Wang. when指代at the moment,因此wh
44、en=at which Attributive clause 关系副词when/where/why where引导的定语从句 由where引导的定语从句，其先行词1、主要是 表示地点的名词，如building, city, room等，2、 也可以是抽象名词。where在从句中作状语 可以替换为 介词+which Attributive clause 关系副词when/where/why The hotel where we stayed was very clean. This is the house where I was born in. This is the mountain vi
45、llage where I visited last year. This is the mountain village where I payed a visit to last year. This is the house which I was born in. This is the mountain village (which/that) I visited last year. This is the mountain village (which/that) I payed a visit to last year. Attributive clause 关系副词when/
46、where/why where表示抽象名词，situation, point, stage, case I have gotten to the stage where I couldnt handle any more. He has reached a point where a change is necessary. You have come to the situation where medicine cant help. Today, well discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use th
47、e language properly. Attributive clause 关系副词when/where/why 1. To those successful deaf dancers, dancing is an activity _ sight matters more than hearing. (天津卷) A. when B. whose C. which D. where 2. Today, well discuss a number of cases _ beginners of English fail to use the language properly. (陕西卷)
48、A. which B. as C. why D. where 3.After graduation she reached a point in her career _ she had to decide what to do. (江西卷) A. that B. what C. which D. where DDD Attributive clause 关系副词when/where/why 常见的抽象先行词有case/ condition/ point/ position/ situation/ scene/activity/job/race 定语从句中如果不缺主语或宾语，同时先行词又不是表原 因或时间，考虑用where Attributive clause 关系副词when/where/why Why引导的定语从句 由why引导的定语从句，经常会用放在先行词 reason后面，why在从句中做原因状语。 可与介词+which互换。 多为限制性定语从句 Attributive clause 关系副词when/where/why The reason why I got the job was that I worked hard. The reason I got the job was that I worked hard. for which THANK YOU
