1、Extended reading Unit 3 Getting along with others Why do people need friends? Brainstroming People need friends because . cope with stressful things in life share our worries and secrets in our inner world we want to enjoy the company Conclusion: . plays an important role in . . of great importance
2、to share our happiness and inner feelings Author-introducing He was born in London, a representative of the Renaissance in England. He was an English philosopher, statesman, scientist and author. He laid the foundation of modern science with his insistence on scientific way of thinking and fresh obs
3、ervation rather than authority as a basis for obtaining knowledge. Francis Bacon (1561-1626) His works can be divided into three groups: Group 1 His philosophical (哲学的) works The advancement of Learning (1605) 崇学论/学术的进步 Novum Organum (1620) 新工具论 Group 2 His literary works Essays 随笔(the most famous)
4、Group 3 His law works Maxims of Law 法学原理 The learned reading upon the statute of Uses(1642) 法律条文的学术解读 Bacons quotation Bacons book and articles Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and fo
5、r ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business. 读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。 其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时； 其博彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其博彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中； 其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。 读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。 王佐良译王佐良译 Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing
6、 an exact man. Bacons book and articles Prediction What aspects of friendship will probably be talked about? The definition of friendship The development of friendship The qualities of good friends The significance of friendship More often than not, close friendships will help smooth out the sometim
7、es rocky road that we are all meant to travel. This essay is about the _ of friendship. importance/benefits A global view Para. 1 More often than not, close friendships will help smooth out the sometimes rocky road that we are all meant to travel. Para. 2 There are many benefits of friendship that w
8、e can enjoy. Para. 3 The first fruit of friendship is the peace that comes from sharing with friends our joy, sadness, success and failure. Para. 4 The second fruit of friendship is the better understanding and judgement that may be achieved through conversations with well-meaning and wise friends.
9、Para. 5 The third fruit of friendship is the help that a friend may offer in many different ways. Sometimes a friend is even known as our “second self”. Para. 6 Friends should be carefully chosen and relationships carefully developed. Listening Listen and identify the structure of the essay. the _ o
10、f friendship para. _ the _ of friendship paras _ the advice on _ para. _ structure of the essay Part 1: (para. _) the _ of friendship Part 3: (para. _) advice on _ Part 2: (paras._) three _of friendship importance “fruits” making friends 1 2-5 6 Detailed reading “Fruits” of friendship Fruit 1 (1) _
11、Fruit 2 (5)_ Fruit 3 Help us (9)_ we set for ourselves. With true friends, we feel free to (2)_ our feelings. Sharing makes happiness (3)_ and a (4)_ become halved. Our friends are better able to offer (6)_ on our important decisions. Preparing to talk with a friend makes our thoughts (7)_ and our u
12、nderstanding more (8)_. So many things in life that only be (10)_ with the help of friends. Friends have different (11)_. Friends can help us during life and, perhaps, even(12)_. Fruit 1 (1) _ With true friends, we feel free to (2)_ our feelings. Sharing makes happiness (3)_ and a (4)_ become halved
13、. Comfort the heart share take on greater meanings trouble Fruit 2 (5) _ Our friends are better able to offer (6) _ on our important decisions. Preparing to talk with a friend makes our thoughts (7)_ and our understanding more (8) _. Advise the head advice clearer thorough Fruit 3 Help us (9)_ _ we
14、set for ourselves. So many things in life that can only be (10) _ with the help of friends. Friends have different (11)_ . Friends can help us during life and, perhaps, even (12)_. achieved ideas and skills after death achieve the goals Appreciating the sentences In this essay, many sentences are ri
15、ch in philosophical significance. Below are some of them. How to comprehend and appreciate these sentences? Explain them by giving specific examples. 1. More often than not, close friendships will smooth out the sometimes rocky road that we are all meant to travel. (page 39, lines 5-6) The writer co
16、mpares “the life journey” to “a rocky road”, which means in our life there can be some challenges and difficulties ahead. If we have close friends whom we can turn to, they can help us solve these problems and support us to go forward bravely. For example, when we have trouble in dealing with parent
17、s and dont know how to communicate with them, we can share our feelings with our close friends and ask them for advice. 2. Here, friendship has a double advantagehappiness takes on a greater meaning and a trouble shared becomes a trouble halved! (page 39, lines 13-15) When we are with our close frie
18、nds, we share happiness and sorrow together. Ones happiness will bring enjoyment and joyfulness to his or her friend too. However, when meeting with trouble, we comfort, help and support each other, thus handling the problem together. For example, if we have some challenging tasks to fulfill but don
19、t know what to do, close friends can offer us useful advice and suggestions, which can help us complete our challenging tasks successfully. Free talk How do you know when to be independent and when to ask for the help of friends? Explain and support your opinion. suggested expressions: on ones own r
20、ely on independent thinking search/ inspect oneself benefit from be responsible for Summarizing Write a summary of the essay. Use the following questions to help you. What are the three “fruits” of friendship? Why are they important? Tips: To write a good summary of a text, you should: circle the ma
21、in points and key ideas in a text; express these ideas in your own words; not include supporting details or background knowledge; not include your personal opinion. Friendship is very important to us. It leads to self-improvement and helps us better walk the “path of life”. Friendship has three “fru
22、its”. First, we feel more comfortable when we share our feelings with our true friends, as they will understand us and allow us to express ourselves. Second, friends can help us think more clearly and offer solutions to problems. Third, friends are willing to support us to achieve our goals. However
23、, we should carefully choose friends and develop friendships. 1. ., we may sometimes wish to be alone with our own thoughts, for quiet periods of reflection can lead to .(lines1-2) wish v. wish (sb.) to do wish for sth. wish sb. sth. (常用来表示祝愿） wish + (that) + 虚拟语气 n. 想要的东西 愿望，心愿 wishes (书信或贺卡中的）祝愿，祝
24、福 Practice I wish you _ me all this. 我倒希望你当初 别把这一切都告诉我 How I wish that you _ here. 多么希望你在这儿！ 祝你们俩旅途愉快！ _ 请向他表达我最好的祝福！ hadnt told were Wish you both a good trip! Please give him my best wishes! reflection n. 根据上下文猜测reflection的意思 1. He admired his reflection in the mirror. 2. Your clothes are a reflec
25、tion of your personality. 3. On reflection, we decided to change our plan. 4. The reflections from the street lamps gave them enough light. 倒影，影像倒影，影像 反映反映 考虑，（反思）考虑，（反思） （光，热，声）的反射（光，热，声）的反射 reflect v. 2. However, when we seek to be alone, we must be careful that we dont always escape into our own
26、world.(lines3-4) seek v. (pt, pp sought / st; st/) (after/for sth): look (for sth); try to find or obtain (sth) 寻找; 找到或得到（某事物） seek to do （= try to do ) 试图做某事 seek sth. from sb. 从某人身上寻求. seek out 挑选出，物色 hide and seek 捉迷藏 seek ones fortune 外出闯荡，寻找发财的机会 3. More often than not, close friendships will h
27、elp smooth out the sometimes rocky road that we are meant to travel. (lines5-6) smooth v. US also -fitted) adj. beneficial 有益的 benefit from得益于 be of benefit to sb/sth= be beneficial to sb/sth. 对某人/某事有益 for sbs benefit= for the benefit of sb.为某人的利益 Sentence Structure 1. they may comfort the heart, ad
28、vise the head and help us achieve the goals we set for ourselves. (lines 8-9) 当英语句子中出现多个谓语动词时，往往用and将它们连接起 来，产生并列谓语，其中and往往放在最后一个并列谓语前。 On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, _ some bananas and visited her cousin. A. bought B. buying C. to buy D. buy 5. . happiness takes on a greater
29、meaning and a trouble shared becomes a trouble halved. (lines14-15) take on 呈现.面貌 eg. take on a new look meanings of “take on” take on twenty more workers take on extra work take on a festive air The new style didnt take on, so it was quickly dropped. 雇佣 承担 呈现 流行 6. Also, when we want to talk our pr
30、oblems over with a friend, we . (lines 25-26) talk over 1consider; discuss in detail 考虑；讨论 *Come to my office and we will talk it over *Jim always talks things over with his parents before he makes an important decision. 2cause sbto change his opinion; convince by talking 说服（某人）改变立场；说明 *He is very g
31、ood at talking opponents over to his viewpoint. Sentence Structure 2. We often find it easier to recognize other peoples weakness than our own. (lines 20-21) Finally, it should be pointed out that enjoying the company of a crowd is not the same as being with friends. (lines 34-35) it 是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的
32、不定式短语。是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语。 easier是形容词作宾补是形容词作宾补 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面是形式主语，真正的主语是后面that引导的从句。引导的从句。 Supplementary phrases of the article 1. 通向，导致 2. 注定要做某事 3. 与.共享 4. 分担的麻烦 5. 减半的麻烦 6. 由.产生 7. 最大程度的，最大限度的 8. 出于好心的，善意的 9. 片面的 10. 把想法付诸于语言 11. 指出 1. lead to 2. be meant to do 3. share with 4. a trouble sh
33、ared 5. a trouble halved 6. result from 7. in full measure 8. well-meaning 9. one-sided 10. put thoughts into words 11. point out Practice 1) The policeman put down the phone, _ with a smile on his face，and went out of the phone box. A. satisfying B. satisfied C. to be satisfied D. having satisfied
34、2) As the years went by, she worked in many places, always _ (improve) her position and gradually _ (get) more and more experience. 3)Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away, _ into the woods. A. seizing; disap peared B. seized; disappeared C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing improving getting Friendship is the breathing rose, with sweets in every fold. - Oliver Wendell Holmes
