1、Unit 3 Getting along with others Grammar and usage Grammar and usage Restrictive relative clauses with relative pronouns 由关系代词引导的限制性定语从句 Lead-in: Translate the proverbs God helps those who help themselves. 天助自助者。天助自助者。 Friendship is like health, the value of which is seldom know until it is lost. 真正
2、的友谊犹如健康的身体，失去时方知其可贵。真正的友谊犹如健康的身体，失去时方知其可贵。 Try to compare: 1. My brother who is 18 is a worker . My brother , who is 18, is a worker. Definition 定义：限制性定语从句指修饰名词、代词 或者名词短语的从句，对所修饰的对象加 以限制，表示“.的人或物”。从句不可 去掉，一旦去掉主句意思则不完整。 Below is a magazine article on friendship in the modern age. Find the sentences w
3、ith restrictive relative clauses in the article and fill in the box below. The first one has been done for you. Part A on page 34 ( ) A real friend is someone who walks in when the rest of the world walks out. A real friend is someone whose support we can count on. A real friend is someone who sees
4、our true self, not just the face that we show to the world. Yet these days, the modern tools that keep us connected are eating away at the meaning of friendship. Social media like blogs has come between us and the friends whom we love. “Sharing” our experiences on social media is not enough to expre
5、ss the values which matter most to us. “Liking” our friends photos online does not develop the connection which we share. A real friend is someone who walks in when the rest of the world walks out. A real friend is someone whose support we can count on. A real friend is someone who sees our true sel
6、f, not just the face that we show to the world. Yet these days, the modern tools that keep us connected are eating away at the meaning of friendship. Social media like blogs has come between us and the friends whom we love. “Sharing” our experiences on social media is not enough to express the value
7、s which matter most to us. “Liking” our friends photos online does not develop the connection which we share. antecedent 先行词 Rules A restrictive relative clause is used to modify a noun, pronoun or noun phrase before it. The noun, pronoun or noun phrase is the antecedent. 先行词 We can use relative pro
8、nouns （关系代词）or relative adverbs（关系副词）to introduce restrictive relative clauses. 引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词、 关系副词 关系关系代词：who,whom,whose,which,that 关系副词：when,where,why Rules A restrictive relative clause modifies a noun, pronoun or noun phrase before it. We use _ for things, and _ and whom for people. We can use
9、 _ for both things and people. We use _ to show possession. The relative pronouns, who, whom, which, that, often act as a component in clauses. which who that whose Finish “Working out the rules” on page 34. Go through “Grammar notes” from page 98 to 99. Take out your Guidance Practice Books and tur
10、n to P38. Rewrite the following sentences using restrictive relative clauses. P35 Part B1 antecedent the main clause relative pronoun A restrictive relative clause is used to modify a noun, pronoun or noun phrase before it. David also had a friend. He trusted the friend a lot. whom David also had a
11、friend whom he trusted a lot . ) ( 1. Common interests provide rich ground. Many friendships grow from rich ground. Common interests provide rich ground _. which from which many friendships grow 2. When friends communication is warm and open, friendships grow best. Friendships grow best between frie
12、nds _. friends communication = whose communication whose communication is warm and open 3. Friendships are like flowers. These flowers need to be taken good care of. Friendships are like flowers _. which/that which/that need to be taken good care of 4. A relationship with a true friend will surely p
13、roduce fruit. You can count on a true friend. A relationship with a true friend _will surely produce fruit. whom/who/that you can count on whom/who/that 5. You have been helped by others. To make friends, you should help others in the same way. To make friends, you should help others the way _. in w
14、hich/that you have been helped by others The way was not difficult to understand. He explained the sentence to us in the way. The way was not difficult to understand. He explained the way to us. The way (that/in which) he explained the sentences to us was not difficult to understand. The way (that/w
15、hich) he explained to us was not difficult to understand. I dont like the way _ you talk to your parents. I dont understand the way _ you thought of to solve the problem. (that/in which) (that/which) Common interests provide rich ground from which many friendships grow. Preposition + which Prepositi
16、on + that Friendships are like flowers which/that need to be taken good care of. A relationship with a true friend (whom/ who/that) you can count on will surely produce fruit. A relative pronoun can only be ignored when it acts as an object. To make friends, you should help others the way (in which/
17、that) you have been helped by others. the way (in which/that) The passage below is about friendship in a great novel. Complete the passage with correct relative pronouns where necessary. Part B2 which/that whose who/that (which/that) which whom/that/who who/that Tips Find the antecedent. Try to comp
18、lete the clause with the antecedent. Use the right relative pronoun to replace the antecedent. 从句引导词的正确选用：从句引导词的正确选用： 一看先行词一看先行词 二看从句成分二看从句成分 三确定关系词三确定关系词 In pairs, describe a friend of yours using restrictive clauses. Part B3 Express your opinion on friends or friendship using restrictive relative
19、clauses with relative pronouns. Lets write Sample Friendship is like sunshine which brings us warmth and happiness. Friendship is also one of the greatest pleasures that we can enjoy. When in trouble, we need friends who can give us support and encouragement. With success achieved, we also need frie
20、nds that can share our joys. We all need friends whose help makes our life more enjoyable. ) ) the subject of the clause which sunshine that antecedent Friendship is like sunshine which brings us warmth and happiness . Friendship is also one of the greatest pleasures that we can enjoy . ( one of the greatest pleasures the object of the clause antecedent ( 1. Preview Page 35 (B Applying the rules); 2. Finish Page 70 part C. Homework
