1、1 英语（必修第一册）英语（必修第一册） Unit 1 Back to school Grammar and usage I. Learning objectives By the end of the lesson, students will be able to: 1. identify different elements in a sentence; 2. understand five basic sentence structures; 3. apply the rules in new situations; 4. write a short passage about how
2、 to achieve the goal for the new term. II. Key competence focus 1. Understand different elements in a sentence and basic sentence structures. 2. Apply grammar knowledge to expressing ideas. III. Predicted area of difficulty 1. Use five basic sentence structures in new situations. 2. Create a passage
3、 based on given topics and sentence structures. IV. Teaching procedures Step 1 Lead-in T asks students to link randomly presented words into a logical and meaningful sentence. Miss Yan to was excited to the opportunity give be given really a speech. Miss Yan was really excited to be given the opport
4、unity to give a speech. 【设计意图：通过连词成句的方式导入，引发学生对句中不同成分的注意和思考，为后续环 节中的句子成分和五大基本句式的内容做好铺垫。】 Step 2 Exploring the rules 1. Students read the short speech and put the underlined sentences into the table according to their sentence structures 1) I agree. S+V 2) These habits will be helpful. S+V+P 3) you w
5、ill live a happy life. S+V+O 4) Setting goals gives you a focus in life. S+V+IO+DO 5) . setting goals makes you more confident. S+V+O+OC 【设计意图: 让学生从语境中初步接触到语法现象，理解基本语法规则（句子成分以及基本 句式结构），体现“形式意义使用”三维语法观中形式与意义的契合。】 Step 3 Working out the rules 1. Learning about Rule 1 Students observe the above five se
6、ntence structures and infer what elements are essential in a 2 sentence and deduce Rule 1: The subject and the verb are necessary parts of a sentence. 2. Learning about Rule 2 Students observe the following two sentences: a) I agree. b) You will have a happy life. T: The necessary parts of a sentenc
7、e are the subject (S) and the verb (V) . “Agree” is an intransitive verb and it does not take an object. “Live” is a transitive verb and it takes “ a happy life” as the object .In this way we can work out Rule 2: A transitive verb is always followed by a(n) object. Objects are usually nouns or prono
8、uns. T: Complete the following sentences with proper verbs or objects. (1) During the three years of senior high school, I acquired great knowledge and enjoyed personal growth. (2) In order to improve my football skills, I will join a football club. (3) To achieve my goal for the new term, I will le
9、arn to play football. (to-infinitive serving as the object) 3. Learning about Rule 3 Students observe the following sentences: a) You will live a happy life. b) Setting goals gives you a focus in life. T: Some transitive verbs can take two objects, the direct object (DO) and the indirect object (IO)
10、. The indirect object usually refers to a person and the direct object a thing. Objects are usually nouns or pronouns.The sentence structure is like this: S+V+IO+DO. This is Rule 3. T: Setting goals gives you a focus in life. We can also change the structure into the following: Setting goals gives a
11、 focus to you in life. T: Lets have some practice. (1) Brainstorming: What verbs have we learned that can take two objects? (2) Make sentences using S+V+IO+DO structure 4. Learning about Rule 4 T: An object can be followed by a complement and it is called object complement (OC). The sentence structu
12、re is like this: S+V+O+OC. This is Rule 4: The object complement adds more information about the object. T: Please complete the following sentences with proper object complements a) Mrs. Barrow named her dog Bluebell. b) I wanted to paint my bedroom pink. c) I smelled something burning in the kitche
13、n. d) The terrible news of Kobes death left us in great shock. e) I watched a magician perform a magic on TV. g) Our principal encouraged us to fully realize our potential. 【设计意图: 利用语篇中导出的 5 个句子讲解句子成分和基本句子结构等知识。 让学生通过 观察和思考总结出有关句子成分的基本概念和句子结构的基本规则。Practice 部分旨在通过 半结构化、半开放式的语言练习，巩固和运用句子结构相关知识，并且为最后的写
14、作任务打 下基础。】 Step 4 More explanation 1. Distinguish the S+V+O structure from the S+V+P structure (1) Underline the sentence elements in the following sentences: 3 a) We should keep positive in life. S+V+P b) We should keep a positive attitude to life. S+V+O c) Achieving a balance between my study and
15、hobbies remains a challenge. S+V+P (2) Make a summary T: We divide verbs into three kinds: intransitive verbs (vi.), transitive verbs (vt.) and linking verbs (linking v.). The verbs in the above sentences are should keep, should keep and remains.They each belong to the linking verb, the transitive v
16、erb and the linking verb. Linking verbs include be verbs and verbs like look, sound, taste, smell, feel, get, become, turn, stay, remain, keep etc. A word or a group of words that follows a linking verb is the predicative (P). T: How can we decide the verb in a sentence is a linking verb, a transiti
17、ve or an intransitive verb? Here is my tip. Change the verb into be verb. If the sentence still makes sense, the verb is a linking verb. 【设计意图: 通过观察与归纳， 学生进一步明确谓语动词的三大分类以及 “主+谓+宾” 和 “主 +系+表”在概念上的区别，学会判断 V+N 是“动宾”还是“系表”结构。】 2. Explain the functions of adverbials T: We can add an adverbial to each of
18、the above five sentence structures. We use an adverbial to show when (adverbial of time), where (adverbial of place) or how (adverbial of manner) an action is done. e.g. We carefully watched our chemistry teacher do an experiment with tubes in the lab last week. T: Lets practise. Please find the adv
19、erbials in the following sentences. a) By setting goals now, you are deciding what you want to achieve in the future. b) To realize your goal, you need to have a good plan, manage your time well and pay attention to details. c) When you achieve a goal, you see the result of your hard work. 【设计意图: 补充
20、状语知识的讲解和例句帮助学生理解状语的概念和功能， 查找句中状语成 分练习，帮助学生完善关于句子成分的知识体系。】 Step 5 Applying the rules 1. Finish B1 on P7 of the textbook. 2. Finish B2 on P7 of the textbook. 3. Correct the grammar mistakes in the following passage. Manage (Managing) time properly is an important way of leading a more successful life.
21、 You will benefit (from) the tips below. Keep a diary. It may seem difficult to start. But sticking to it will also give (you) the chance to see how you spend your time. Make a to-do list. Sometimes you feel caught between so many tasks. In this case, a to-do list may (be) helpful. You should also b
22、reak big tasks into small action steps. This makes difficult tasks easily (easy) to manage and complete. Use technology wisely. Just like your goal of managing time, you should also manage your use of communication tools well. The best way is (to) set aside some time for dealing with them. You shoul
23、d not waste too much time on them. 4. Write a short passage about how to achieve the goal for the new term. (1) What is your goal for the new term? How are you going to achieve your goal? Write about it 4 using different sentence structures. (2) Presentation and evaluation T: After you have finished
24、, I will invite some of you to share your writings with us. Please evaluate the writings and see if the sentences are complete in structure. T: This is a sample for your reference. 【设计意图：这个步骤是语法知识在句子层面、语篇层面和新语境中的运用。语法教学的最 终目的是为运用。层层深入的活动设计体现“学习理解应用实践迁移创新”英语学习活 动观。】 V. Homework Polish your writing after class and exchange your writing with other classmates.
