1、 1 学生姓名：学生姓名： 辅导内容：辅导内容：B2 U4-Reading 教学目标：教学目标： 重点单词：appeal/determine/significant/description/reflect/summary 重点词组：devote oneself to 重点句型：be doing when/全部倒装/关系副词 where 引导的定语从句 【同步知识梳理】【同步知识梳理】 一、一、重点单词分析重点单词分析 知识点知识点 1： devote oneself to commit oneself to/ bend oneself to (近义词近义词) devoted adj. 献身的；
2、 忠诚的献身的； 忠诚的 devotion n. 献身，奉献；忠诚；热爱献身，奉献；忠诚；热爱 原文：原文： that whatever I have devoted myself to, I have devoted myself to completely. 无论我投身于什么，无论我投身于什么， 我都会全身心投入我都会全身心投入(教材教材 P43) 用法解析及拓用法解析及拓展：展： 致力于；专心；献身致力于；专心；献身 (1) devote oneself to (doing) sth 致力(献身)于做某事 devote ones time/ life/ money/ energy to
3、(doing) sth 把某人的时间/ 一生/ 金钱/ 精力奉献于(做)某事 (2) be devoted to (doing) sth 致力(献身)于做某事 a devoted son/friend/fan 孝子；忠诚的朋友；狂热的崇拜者 例：It is worthwhile to devote ourselves to world peace. 我们献身于世界和平是值得的。 It is worthwhile to be devoted to world peace. 我们献身于世界和平是值得的。 Her devotion to the job left her with very litt
4、le free time. 她全身心投入工作，几乎没有闲暇。 例题训练：例题训练： This year, Peng Yuyan _ making movies. 今年，彭于晏一直投身于电影事业。 That dog _ his master. 那条狗忠于主人。 As a soldier, he showed _ duty. 作为战士，他表现出了对其天职的无私奉献。 Keys： has been devoting himself to is devoted to selfless devotion to 知识点知识点 2：appeal appealing 吸引人的；动人的；引起兴吸引人的；动人的；
5、引起兴趣的趣的; 恳求似的恳求似的 原文：原文：Let a little song appeal to the ear, or a great book to the heart, and we discover a new world, a world of dreams and magic. 让一首短歌愉悦我们的耳朵，让一部巨著触动我们的心灵，这样我们便会发现一个让一首短歌愉悦我们的耳朵，让一部巨著触动我们的心灵，这样我们便会发现一个 全新的世界，一个充满梦想和魔力的世界。全新的世界，一个充满梦想和魔力的世界。(教材教材 P44) 用法解析及拓展：用法解析及拓展： vt. 有吸引力；申诉；
6、呼吁有吸引力；申诉；呼吁 n. 吸引力；申诉；呼吁吸引力；申诉；呼吁 (1) appeal to sb to do sth 呼吁某人做某事 appeal to sb for sth 为某事向某人呼吁 appeal to sb 对某人有吸引力；引起某人兴趣 appeal to sb against sth 上诉；申诉 (2) mass/wide/popular appeal 对大众的/广泛的/普遍的吸引力 made an appeal to sb to do sth 呼吁某人做某事 例：I appeal to you all to join me in committing to peace,
7、today and every day. 我呼吁大家和我一起，在今天，在每一天，都致力于和平。 The company is appealing against the ruling. 公司正对判决提出申诉。 We make an urgent appeal that measures should be taken to cope with the situation. 我们急切呼吁，应采取措施应对这种情况。 2 例题训练：例题训练： Economic change for its own sake did not _. 经济变化本身并没有吸引他。 The police _ remain c
8、alm. 警方吁请公众保持镇静。 Her novels _. 她的小说有广大的吸引力。 Keys： appeal to him made an appeal to the public to have wide appeal 知识点知识点 3：determine determined 决定了的；坚决的决定了的；坚决的; 有决心的有决心的 determination 决心；果断决心；果断 原文：原文：The first step is to determine some of its significant qualities. 第一步是要确定文学的一些重要品质。第一步是要确定文学的一些重要品质
9、。 (教材教材 P44) 用法解析及拓展：用法解析及拓展： vt. 确定；决定；支配确定；决定；支配 vi. 决心决心 (1) determine to do sth 决定做某事 (强调动作)= make up ones mind to do sth determine on/ upon 决定 (2) be determined to do sth 决心做(强调状态) a determined effort to stop smoking 坚决戒烟的努力 (3) with determination 坚决地；果断的 fierce/grim/dogged determination 坚强的/不屈
10、不挠的/顽强的决心 例：In closing, determine to be your best, and you will receive the best. 最后，下定决心去做到最好，你就会得到最好的那个人。 The proposal had been dropped in the face of determined opposition.这项建议因遭到坚决反对而被放 弃。 He fought the illness with courage and determination. 他勇敢顽强地与疾病作斗争。 例题训练：例题训练： Age and experience will be _
11、 in our choice of candidate. 年龄和经验是我们选择候选人的决定因素。 He sticks to his point ,_ make no compromise. 他坚持自己的观点，决心决不妥协。 Everyone concerned acted with great _. 每个相关的人都以巨大的勇气和决心行动了。 Keys： determining factors determined to courage and determination 知识知识点点 4：significant significantly adv. 意味深长地；值得注目地意味深长地；值得注目地
12、 significance n. 意义；重要性意义；重要性 (important/ importantly/ importance) 原文：原文：The first step is to determine some of its significant qualities. 第一步是要确定文学的一些重要品质。第一步是要确定文学的一些重要品质。 (教材教材 P44) 用法解析及拓展：用法解析及拓展： adj. 有重要意义的；显著的有重要意义的；显著的 (1) a highly significant discovery 有重大意义的发现 a significant improvement 显著
13、的改进 It is significant that 明显的 (2) be of significance/ importance 意义重大;具有重大意义的 例题训练：例题训练： The accident is already shaping up as _. 这个事故已经酿成为一场重大的环境灾难。 _ girls generally do better in examinations than boys. 很明显，女生的考试成绩一般比男生的好。 Parents love and caring _ for children. 父母的爱和关怀对孩子是非常重要的。 Keys： a signific
14、ant environmental disaster It is significant that are of great significance 3 知识点知识点 5：description describe vt. 描述，形容；描绘描述，形容；描绘 descriptive adj. 描写的，叙述的；描写性的描写的，叙述的；描写性的 describable adj. 可记述的；可描写的可记述的；可描写的 原文：原文： The customs that followed were anything but ordinary. 接下来的风俗也都不同寻常。接下来的风俗也都不同寻常。 (教材教材
15、 P44) 用法解析及拓展：用法解析及拓展： n. 描述，描写，形容描述，描写，形容 (1) describe sb/ sth to sb 向某人描述某人(某物) describe sb/ sth as 把某人(某物)描述为 (2) give a detailed/full description of 对 进行详细的/全面的描述 brief/general description of 简要/概括性说明 beyond description 无法形容，难以形容 例：His novels nicely describe life in Britain between the wars. 他的小
16、说细致地描述了两次大战之间英国的生活状况。 Jim was described by his colleagues as unusual. 吉姆被同事们称为不寻常的人。 The park is beautiful beyond description. 这个公园美得无法形容。 例题训练：例题训练： Can you _? 你能向我描述一下他的样子吗？ Can you _ your hometown? 你能描述一下你的故乡吗？ The view from the top was quite _. 从山顶看去的景色是笔墨难以形容的。 Keys：describe him to me give a de
17、scription of beyond description 知识点知识点 6： reflect reflection n. 反射；沉思；映象反射；沉思；映象 原文：原文：Some truth and beauty remain unnoticed until a sensitive human soul brings them to our attention, just as the shell reflects the unnoticed sounds.有些真与美一直不为人所察觉，直到一个敏锐的人类灵魂让有些真与美一直不为人所察觉，直到一个敏锐的人类灵魂让 它们引起我们的注意，这就正如
18、贝壳把那些被人忽视的声音呈现出来一样。它们引起我们的注意，这就正如贝壳把那些被人忽视的声音呈现出来一样。(教材教材 P45) 用法解析及拓展：用法解析及拓展： vt./vi. 反映；显示；反映；显示； 反射反射 (1) reflect sb/ sth in sth (镜子等)映出某人/某物的影像 reflect sth from sth 从某物反射 reflect on/ upon sth 仔细思考；反省某事 (2) on reflection 仔细思考 be lost in reflection 陷入深思中 例：His face was reflected in the mirror. 他的
19、脸映照在镜子里。 The windows reflected the bright afternoon sunlight. 窗户反射着午后明媚的阳光。 Your clothes are often a reflection of your personality. 穿着常常反映出一个人的个性。 例题训练：例题训练： She could see herself _ his eyes. 她在他的眼中看到了自己的样子。 When the suns rays hit the earth, a lot of the heat _ into space. 太阳光线照射到地球时，大量的热被反射回太空。 Sh
20、e decided _ to accept his offer after all. 经过审慎的思考，她决定还是接受他的提议。 Keys： reflected in is reflected back on reflection 知识点知识点 7： contain container n. 集装箱；容器集装箱；容器 原文：原文：To achieve this, it should contain two elements: universal interest and personal style. 为此，它应包含两个要素：普遍兴趣和个人风格。为此，它应包含两个要素：普遍兴趣和个人风格。(教材
21、教材 P45) 用法解析及拓展：用法解析及拓展： vt. 包含，含有；容纳包含，含有；容纳 例：This drink doesnt contain any alcohol. 这种饮料不含任何酒精。 4 She was unable to contain her excitement. 她无法抑制内心的激动。 【易混辨析】【易混辨析】contain； include (1)contain 表示所含之物的全部或一部分，侧重于含有的数量和成分，既可只具体有形的东西，也可指无 形的东西。 （异类） (2)include 侧重指范围， 其主语和宾语属于同类， 是整体个部分的关系。 常使用includin
22、g + 被包含的对象 或被包含的对象+included 例题训练：例题训练： Her statement _ one or two inaccuracies. 她的陈述有一两处不准确。 I was so furious I just couldnt _ . 我气愤极了，简直无法克制自己。 Keys：contained contain myself Milk, oily fish and eggs all _ vitamin D. 牛奶、油性鱼类和鸡蛋全都含维他命 D。 Your duties _ typing letters and answering the telephone. 你的职责是
23、打信件和接电话 Keys： contain include 知识点知识点 8：summary summarize vt. 总结；概述总结；概述 vi. 作总结；作概括作总结；作概括 原文：原文：In summary, literature is the expression of life in forms of truth and beauty总之，文学以真和美的总之，文学以真和美的 形式对生命的表形式对生命的表达达 (教材教材 P45) 用法解析及拓展：用法解析及拓展： n. 总结，概括，概要总结，概括，概要 make a summary 做总结 in summary 总的来说 in ge
24、neral/ in short/ in conclusion 总之；总的来说 to sum up/ to summarize 总之；总的来说 例题训练：例题训练： Lets _ for todays lesson. 下面让我们把今天的课做个小结吧。 _, I think its very important to pay attention to our surrounding environment. 总之，我认为身边的环境是非常重要的。 Keys：make a summary In summary 二、重点句式分析二、重点句式分析 知识点知识点 1： be doing when 原文：原文
25、： A child and a man were walking on the beach when the child found a shell and held it to his ear. 一个孩子和一个男子在沙滩上散一个孩子和一个男子在沙滩上散步时，孩子突然发现了一个贝壳，并拿起放在耳边。步时，孩子突然发现了一个贝壳，并拿起放在耳边。(教材教材 P44) 用法解析及拓展：用法解析及拓展： 本句中本句中 “were walking when ”，在表示，在表示“正在做某事，这时正在做某事，这时”。when 作并列连词，相当于作并列连词，相当于“at this time” be abou
26、t to do sth（ when）/ be on the point of doing ( when)表示表示“即将，马上要做的事，这时即将，马上要做的事，这时” had just done .when . 表示表示“刚做完刚做完这时这时” 例：An agreement was about to be reached when the other side raised new issues. 快要达成协议的时候，对方又节外生枝。 I was reading English when my teacher came in. 我正在读英语，这时老师进来了。 He had left the of
27、fice when I phoned him. 当我给他打电话时，他已经离开办公室了。 例题训练：例题训练： He _ when he found his key missing. 他正要离开，突然发现钥匙不见了。 He _ when the door bell rang. 门铃响的时候，他正在看一本小说。 I _ when all the lights went out. 5 我刚做完作业，突然灯全灭了。 Keys： was about to leave was reading a novel had just finished my homework 知识点知识点 2：全部倒装全部倒装 原
28、文：原文：Behind every book is a man，behind the man is the race, and behind the race are the natural and social environments每本书的背后都是人，人的背后是民族，民族的背后是自然和社会环境。每本书的背后都是人，人的背后是民族，民族的背后是自然和社会环境。(教材教材 P44) 用法解析及拓展：用法解析及拓展： 本句是全部倒装句，以下情况适用于全部倒装： 表示地点，方向，时间等的介词短语位于句首时，若句子的主语是名词而不是代词时； On the top of the hill stand
29、s a building 那个房子位于该山山顶。 表示方向，地点和时间的副词 in, out, down, up, off, back, away, over there, there, now, then, here, first 等位 于句首， 若主语是名词而不是代词时； Out rushed Mary with a dog following her. 玛丽冲了出来， 有一只狗跟着她。 例题训练：例题训练： _ 这里有三条有用的建议。 _ 墙上有两张旧照片。 Keys： Here are three useful tips. On the wall were two old pictur
30、es. 知识点知识点 3：关系副词关系副词 where 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 原文：原文：In a word, we have now reached a point where we wish to enjoy and understand literature. 总之，我总之，我 们现在已经到了希望理解并欣赏文学的地步。们现在已经到了希望理解并欣赏文学的地步。(教材教材 P44) 用法解析及拓展：用法解析及拓展： 本句中本句中“where we wish to enjoy and understand literature”是定语从句，修饰先行词是定语从句，修饰先行词 point。
31、当。当 point 作先作先 行词时，若定语从句中缺少状语，用关系副词行词时，若定语从句中缺少状语，用关系副词 where 引导定语从句。引导定语从句。where 指地点，在定语从句中做地点指地点，在定语从句中做地点 状语状语 Shanghai is the city where I was born. The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 例题训练：例题训练： This is the factory _ I worked two years ago. This is the factory _ I visite
32、d two years ago. Keys： where that/ which/ 省略 注意：若先行词为表地点的抽象名词，如：注意：若先行词为表地点的抽象名词，如：point, stage, case, position, condition, atmosphere 等，需要用等，需要用 where 引导定语从句。引导定语从句。 It got to the point where he had to leave. Describe a condition where you would expect it to fail. The boss of the company is trying
33、to create an easy atmosphere where his employees enjoy their work. 【素材积累】【素材积累】 场景类句子积累场景类句子积累-社会场景社会场景 1.整个教室一片安静。 Silence spread across the classroom 2.整个教室安静了下来。 Silence fell in the classroom 3.这是在学校的最后一天，整个班级非常难过。 It was the last day of school. The whole class was enveloped in sadness. 4.老师讲完故事后
34、，教室里爆发出阵阵掌声。 6 The teacher having finished the story, claps burst out from the classroom. 5.同学们争前恐后地发言。 All the students were trying to get a word in. 6.他尴尬得涨红了脸。 His face flushed with embarrassment. 【精题精练精讲】【精题精练精讲】 一、单词拼写（学科网） 1. Fashions in art and l come and go. 2. The public have responded magn
35、ificently to our a . 3. An inquiry was set up to d the cause of the accident. 4. The company looks poised to make a s breakthrough in China. 5. Young people are very s about their appearance. 6. Every student in the class is c of passing the exam. 7. Speak low, that you may not a anybody. 8. We no l
36、onger talk of the (永久) of marriage. 9. Physical fitness has now become an important (要素) in our lives. 10. An interesting (特征) of the city is the old market. 11. It rained and (因此) the football match was postponed. 12. We should make a concrete analysis of each (具体的) question. 二. 单句语法（学科网） 1. They a
37、re devoted to (protect) the tradition of calligraphy. 2. Heart of appreciation is of great (significant) in our lives. 3. After days of (reflect) she decided to write back. 4. summary, this was a disappointing performance. 5. Young people are very s about their appearance. 6. It is (universal) ackno
38、wledged that forests are indispensable to us. 7. I have never seen a case only partner makes money. 8. He (watch) TV when someone knocked at the door. 三、语法填空（江苏省南通市 20202021 学年上学期高一英语期末考试模拟试题） The Mid-Autumn Festival, is celebrated on the 15th day of the 8th month of the lunar calendar. It is a time
39、 for family members and loved ones to congregate and enjoy the full moon a symbol of 1 (abundant), harmony and luck. Adults will usually indulge in fragrant mooncakes of many 2 (vary) with a good cup hot Chinese tea, 3 the little ones run around with their brightly-lit lanterns. The Mid-Autumn Festi
40、val probably began as a harvest festival, 4 was later given a mythological flavour with legends of Chang-E, the beautiful lady in the moon. According to Chinese mythology, the earth once had 10 suns 5 (circle) over it. One day, all ten suns appeared together, scorching the earth with their heat. The
41、 earth was saved when a strong archer, Hou Yi, 6 (manage) to shoot down nine of the suns. Yi stole the elixir（长生不老药）of life 7 (save) the people from his tyrannical（残暴的）rule, but his wife, Chang-E drank it. Thus started the legend of the lady in the moon to whom young Chinese girls would pray at the
42、Mid-Autumn Festival. In the 14th century, the eating of mooncakes at the Mid-Autumn Festival 8 (give) a new significance. The story goes that when Zhu Yuan Zhang was plotting to overthrow the Yuan Dynasty started by the Mongolians, 9 rebels hid their messages in the Mid-Autumn mooncakes. On the nigh
43、t of the Moon Festival, the rebels 10 (success) attacked and overthrew the government. Keys： 1. abundance 2. varieties 3. while 4. which 5. circling 6. managed 7. to save 8. was given 9. the 10. successfully 【能力拓展训练】【能力拓展训练】 7 一、阅读理解（江苏省南通市 20202021 学年上学期高一英语期末考试模拟试题） A The universe likes to be shy
44、about its age, but astronomers believe they have a pretty good idea of the range. Currently, the most widely accepted age for the universe is around 13.8 billion years, but determining the age of.well, everything, is no easy feat(功绩）.Now new studies have investigated the question using different met
45、hods-and theyve come up with two different answers, separated by more than a billion years. Because the universe is expanding at an accelerating pace, the further away an object is,the faster it appears to be moving away from us. This is expressed as the Hubble constant （哈勃常数） ， and its a key factor
46、 in figuring out the age of the universe. After all, if we can determine how fast moving away from us,we can rewind that process to its beginning-the Big Bang. Researchers from the University of Oregon set out to map the distance to dozens of galaxies The team calculated that the universe is only 12
47、.6 billion years old-that,you might notice is much younger than the 13.8 years usually stated. In the second study,the method of figuring out the age of the universe is by mapping the oldest light we can detect.We are restoring the baby photo of the universe to its original condition, removing the w
48、ear and tear of time and space that distorted(扭曲）the image, says Neelima Sehgal, co-author on the study.Only by seeing this sharper baby photo or image of the universe can we more fully understand how our universe was born.In doing so, the researcher determined that the universe is 13.8 billion year
49、s old-in agreement with the accepted age. The real problem though,is that the studies disagree so wildly with each other, to the tune of a billion years.But they are not the only ones-the battle lines are commonly drawn by the methods used. Obviously.more research is heeded to determine where the tr
50、uth lies. 1.What do we know about the universe from the first two paragraphs? A.It doesnt exist long. B.It becomes larger. C.It runs away. D.It causes the Big Bang. 2.What makes the researchers in the first study think the universe is much younger? A.The speed of moving objects. B.The number of gala
