1、Unit 4 Looking good, feeling good Grammar & usage explore the rules of restrictive relative clauses with relative adverbs. apply the rules by doing some exercises. A Exploring the rules 引导限制性定语从句的关系副词有when、where和 why，它们在从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语和原 因状语，修饰从句谓语动词。关系副词when、where和 why可以用“介词+which”来代替。 由关系副词引导的限制性定
2、语从句由关系副词引导的限制性定语从句 讲解讲解 一、关系副词when的用法 1. 在关系副词when引导的定语从句中，先行词往往是day、week、 time、year、month、morning等表示时间的名词。如： April Fools Day is a special day when you can play a joke on someone. I can still remember the sunny morning when I arrived on campus. 2. 从句中缺少时间状语，且先行词为stay、visit、occasion等一些 抽象的具有模糊时间概念的名词
3、时，定语从句需要用关系副 词when来引导。如： These presents can remind me of my stay in Oxford when I made many friends sharing the same interest. A lecture is an occasion when we can learn and benefit a lot. 讲解讲解 3. 先行词是表示时间的名词时，并非一定要用when引导定语从 句。若定语从句中缺少主语、表语或宾语等，则用that/which 引导。试比较： I will never forget the day when
4、we first met in the mountain village. I will never forget the day that/which we spent together in that mountain village. 注意注意 讲解讲解 二、关系副词where的用法 1. 在关系副词where引导的定语从句中，先行词通常是place、 room、factory等表示地点的名词。如： The school gate is the place where we will meet each other tomorrow morning. This is the cave w
5、here we came across the bear that day. 2. 从句中缺少地点状语，且先行词为situation、point、case、 condition、stage等一些含有抽象地点意义的名词时，定语从句 要用关系副词where来引导。如： We found ourselves in a situation where we had to make a decision immediately. I got to the stage where I lost all interest in the idea. 讲解讲解 3. 先行词是表示地点的名词时，并非一定要用whe
6、re引导定从句。 若定语从句中缺少主语、表语或宾语等，则用that/which引导。 试比较： Nanjing is the city where I grow up. Nanjing is the city (that/which) I want to visit most. 注意注意 讲解讲解 三、关系副词why的用法 1. 在关系副词why引导的定语从句中，先行词一般是reason等 表示原因的名词。如： The reason why bats have a unique immune system is that their body temperature is higher tha
7、n any other mammal. 2. 先行词是reason时，并非一定要用why引导定语从句。若定 语从句中缺少主语、表语或宾语等，则用that/which引导。如： The reason why the president went to the village was touching. The reason that the president mentioned at the conference was touching. 注意注意 Ill never forget the museum _ we visited together. Ill never forget the
8、museum _ the paintings are so appealing. We are living in an age _ is seeing great changes. We are living in an age _ many things are done on computer. The reason _ he gave us is not true. The reason _ he didnt come to school is not true. (which/that) where which/that when why (which/that) Below is
9、a part of a magazine article about sleep problems. Find the sentences with restrictive relative clauses in the article and fill in the box below. The first one has been done for you. Do you remember a time when you had no worries stopping you from getting a good nights rest? One of the reasons why p
10、eople fail to get a good nights sleep is pressure from school or work. They are still growing, and night is the time when their bodies grow faster. Teenagers who do not sleep well may experience situations where body development slows down, and their health suffers. Do you remember a time when you h
11、ad no worries stopping you from getting a good nights rest? Do you remember a time? You had no worries stopping you from getting a good nights rest at the time. One of the reasons why people fail to get a good nights sleep is pressure from school or work. One of the reasons is pressure from school o
12、r work. People fail to get a good nights sleep for the reason. They are still growing, and night is the time when their bodies grow faster. They are still growing and night is the time. Their bodies grow faster at the time. Teenagers who do not sleep well may experience situations where body develop
13、ment slows down, and their health suffers. Teenagers who do not sleep well may experience situations. Body development slows down, and their health suffers in the situations. The relative adverb where refers to a place, the relative adverb when refers to (1) _, and the relative adverb why refers to
14、(2) _. In more formal English, the relative adverbs where, when and why can be replaced by “preposition + (3) _”. time reason which B Applying the rules B1 Rewrite the following sentences using relative adverbs or “preposition + which”. 1 I did not perform well at school last week. The reason was my
15、 poor-quality sleep. 2 I miss those days. I used to sleep really well in those days. The reason why/for which I did not perform well at school last week was my poor-quality sleep. I miss those days when/in which I used to sleep very well. B Applying the rules B1 Rewrite the following sentences using
16、 relative adverbs or “preposition + which”. 3 The hospital is near my home. I visited a doctor for advice on sleep problems in that hospital. 4 I still remember that afternoon. That afternoon I fell asleep on the bus and went past my stop. The hospital where/in which I visited a doctor for advice on
17、 sleep problems is near my home. I still remember that afternoon when/on which I fell asleep on the bus and went past my stop. B2 Complete the passage with correct relative pronouns, relative adverbs or “preposition + which” where necessary. Find the antecedent. Complete the clause with the antecede
18、nt. Use the right relative pronoun, relative adverb or “preposition + which” to replace the antecedent. which/that when/at which where/in which which/that why/for which B3 Read the information below about World Sleep Day. Then write a short paragraph using restrictive relative clauses where necessar
19、y. In a society where people are under a lot of pressure, sleep problems have become very common. That is the reason why World Sleep Day is celebrated every year on the Friday of the second full week of March. Its aims are to make people understand the importance of good and healthy sleep and to draw societys attention to sleep problems. It is a time when people have discussions and give talks about the importance of healthy sleep. Exchange your writing with your partners and correct the mistakes if there is any.
