1、WELCOME TO OUR CLASSRequest on learning English基本要求基本要求 ：上课：上课：1.1.早读课早读课大声朗读大声朗读单词或课文；单词或课文；2.2.课前备好学习用品，如课本、词语手册、笔记本、练习册课前备好学习用品，如课本、词语手册、笔记本、练习册3.3.回答问题声音响亮，其余人认真倾听，不随意打岔；回答问题声音响亮，其余人认真倾听，不随意打岔；4.4.养成养成预习预习的好习惯，小卡片记录，重点词句划线；的好习惯，小卡片记录，重点词句划线；5.5.认真听讲认真听讲，勤做笔记勤做笔记，尽量将与课文相关的笔记记录在课本上；，尽量将与课文相关的笔记记录在
2、课本上；作业：作业：英文一律用英文一律用黑笔黑笔，错处用，错处用红笔红笔1.1.默写本：专门用作单词（默写本：专门用作单词（90,8090,80）默写或课文段落默写；）默写或课文段落默写；2.2.综合本：抄写单词（单词、词性、音标、意义，一行至多两个单词），及其他；综合本：抄写单词（单词、词性、音标、意义，一行至多两个单词），及其他；4.4.笔记本：课内笔记（较为系统的语法、零碎知识点、易错易混知识点及其他）；笔记本：课内笔记（较为系统的语法、零碎知识点、易错易混知识点及其他）； 课外笔记（每周放学后记录生活中发现的英语，至少三条）；课外笔记（每周放学后记录生活中发现的英语，至少三条）；5.5
3、.改错本：记录练习、考试中的错误，需改错本：记录练习、考试中的错误，需反复查阅反复查阅；6.6.独立完成独立完成作业，可互相请教；按时完成；差错作业，可互相请教；按时完成；差错及时订正及时订正并录入改错本；并录入改错本；忘掉进入高中之前的英语成绩忘掉进入高中之前的英语成绩基本要求：基本要求：其他：其他：1.1.桌上无水杯，课内不吃任何食物；桌上无水杯，课内不吃任何食物；2.2.不随意发出响动，尤其不能转笔；不随意发出响动，尤其不能转笔；3.3.课前整理好讲台及黑板课前整理好讲台及黑板, ,值日生负责；值日生负责；4.4.课桌排列整齐，地面无明显垃圾；课桌排列整齐，地面无明显垃圾；1.1.每人准
4、备一套小卡片，课前预习时将重要内容（单词、词组等）记录在小每人准备一套小卡片，课前预习时将重要内容（单词、词组等）记录在小卡片上；卡片上；课堂上主动回答问题或参与活动者在下课后将小卡片上交，次日发还；课堂上主动回答问题或参与活动者在下课后将小卡片上交，次日发还；期中、期末各统计一次参与程度，活跃度最高的前五名抽签依次选取奖品；期中、期末各统计一次参与程度，活跃度最高的前五名抽签依次选取奖品；2.2.每次单元考及期中、期末考试前三名的同学可选择在接下去的一周内任意每次单元考及期中、期末考试前三名的同学可选择在接下去的一周内任意免检查两项作业，由课代表统计（抄写、默写、背诵、笔记等，练习册、练免检
5、查两项作业，由课代表统计（抄写、默写、背诵、笔记等，练习册、练习卷除外）；习卷除外）；每学期至多可免检查三周；每学期至多可免检查三周；奖励制度：奖励制度：良好的环境令人身心愉悦良好的环境令人身心愉悦Advice on learning English学习理念学习理念:study theory学习习惯学习习惯:good learning habitspassivepassive learning learningactiveactive learning learning 1、学会使用工具书使用工具书的习惯。 2、预习预习的习惯。 3、阅读阅读与摘抄摘抄的习惯。 4、背诵英语课文背诵英语课文和范
6、文范文的习惯 5、每周做一点学法学法探讨 enjoy losing faceenjoy losing face renewrenew记忆妙法1.语音记忆法语音记忆法要想单词不写错，语音一关还得过；要想单词不写错，语音一关还得过；读音规律掌握好，拼写自然少差错。读音规律掌握好，拼写自然少差错。2.“五到五到”记忆法记忆法记单词要记单词要 “五到五到”，眼嘴手脑齐开炮；，眼嘴手脑齐开炮；读写背默各几遍，词形词义自然现。读写背默各几遍，词形词义自然现。3.循环记忆法循环记忆法记过单词莫靠边，几天之后再看看；记过单词莫靠边，几天之后再看看；似忘非忘又温习，反反复复印心间。似忘非忘又温习，反反复复印心间
7、。4.分组记忆法分组记忆法单词多了别心烦，分片分组来攻占；单词多了别心烦，分片分组来攻占；五个一组先吃掉，几组连成一大片。五个一组先吃掉，几组连成一大片。记忆妙法5.理解记忆法理解记忆法结合词组句子记，有情有景有意义；结合词组句子记，有情有景有意义；重点段落须背诵，理解深刻有乐趣。重点段落须背诵，理解深刻有乐趣。6.构词记忆法构词记忆法构词法，要学习，前缀、后缀有规律；构词法，要学习，前缀、后缀有规律；转换常把此类变，合成本是二合一。转换常把此类变，合成本是二合一。7.分类记忆法分类记忆法分类归纳便于记，同类词汇放一起；分类归纳便于记，同类词汇放一起； bike/plane和和jeep,归到交
8、通工具里。归到交通工具里。 8.阅读记忆法阅读记忆法课外读物有情趣，单词复现便于记；课外读物有情趣，单词复现便于记；只要坚持常阅读，一举几得大有益！只要坚持常阅读，一举几得大有益！学习英语理顺几个概念 主谓关系与动宾关系 主动关系与被动关系 动作的执行者与承受着 逻辑主语与真正的主语 逻辑宾语与真正的宾语取得英语语法成功的基石取得英语语法成功的基石词类词类作作 用用例例 词词1. （n.）名名 词词表示人或事表示人或事物的名称。物的名称。I bought a book .She is a student.2. (pron.）代词代词代替名词、代替名词、数词等。数词等。This is my fr
9、iend. He likes that book becauseit is very useful to him. Parts of Speach3. （adj.）形容词形容词表示人表示人或事物或事物的特征的特征或性状。或性状。He is small but he is clever. The red pen is useful for the teacher. He painted the wall white yesterday.4. (num.）数词数词表示数表示数目或顺目或顺序。序。There are ten apples on the table and I will take th
10、e first one.5. （v.）动动 词词表示动表示动作或状作或状态。态。We are working hard at English.I want to become an engineer.6. （adv.）副副 词词表示动表示动作的特作的特征或性征或性状特征。状特征。I like English very much.The teacher treats us kindly .The train goes fast. He seldom comes to see us. 7. (prep.）介介 词词表示名表示名词、代词、代词和其词和其他词之他词之间的关间的关系。系。He usual
11、ly stay at home on Sundays.8. （conj.）连词连词连接词与词连接词与词或句与句的或句与句的作用。作用。He and I are in the same class and we are good friends. Two or three of us can dance well but I cant .9. (interj.）感叹词感叹词表示强烈的表示强烈的感情感情Oh ! How beautiful the scene is! What a good idea! Goodness !10. （art.）冠词冠词用来限制名用来限制名词的意义词的意义I have
12、 a pet dog . The dog is very lovely. He is an old man but very strong.判断下列句子中划线单词的词性。判断下列句子中划线单词的词性。 1. Mary dances well. 2. His father is reading. 3. Tom is looking for his watch. 4. He often plays violin after school. 5. Mr. Green works in a university. 6. The teacher taught us an English song. 7.
13、 I have bought this pen for two years. 8. Nothing can live without water. 9. You may keep this dictionary for two weeks. 10. You cant agree with me. adv.pron.n.prep.V.n.num.prep.情态动词pron.一个词的词性决定它在句子中充当了什么成份.Sentence elements谓语谓语 (v)定语定语 (Attr)主语主语 (s) 宾语宾语(Oi,Od) 状语状语 (Ad) 补语补语 (Cs, Co)主主语语谓谓语语VtLi
14、nk verbVi宾语宾语宾语宾语+宾补宾补表语表语+宾语宾语(直直)宾语宾语(间)RevisionRevision 表语表语()Whatmakeupasentence? 主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语的概念。1、主语主语：是一个句子所要说明的人和事物，是一句的主体。如 I study English中的 I。作主语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和主语从句。2、谓语谓语：它是说明主语的动作或状态的，如 I study English中的 study.作谓语的有：及物动词或及物动词短语。3、宾语宾语：它是表示及物动词或及物动词短语所作用的对象的，如IstudyEngl
15、ish中的English和Hemakesfulluseofhissparetimetostudy中的hissparetime.介词后的名词或代词，叫做介词的宾语，如Hewentawaywithnowords中的nowords.作宾语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和宾语从句。4、表语表语：它是放在连系动词之后表示主语的身份或特征的，如 That sounds a good idea中的a good idea.作表语的有：名词、代词、数词、形容词、介词短语、表地点或方位的副词、不定式、动名词、分词和表语从句。5、定语定语：它是限定名词或代词用的，作定语的有：名词、形容词、数词、介词短语、不
16、定式、分词、动名词和定语从句，若是词则多作前置定语，若是短语或定语从句则只能作后置定语。如the polluted river中的polluted和the river polluted by chemicals中的polluted by chemicals.6、状语状语：它是修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句用的。如Ilikeitverymuch中的very修饰much,而much又修饰like。作状语的有：副词（短语）、介词短语、不定式、分词（短语）、名词短语和状语从句。状语说明时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情况等。其位置多位于句首或句尾，但表频率或程度的副词应位于句中
17、be动词、情态动词和助动词之后，实义动词之前。地点和时间应按先小后大的顺序。7、补足语补足语：补充说明句中的主语或者宾语的，作补足语的有：名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式和分词（短语）。如I find it interesting中的interesting.8、同位语同位语：把一个名词（短语）、代词或从句放在另一名词或代词后，用以说明前者的性质或情况，这样的名词或代词叫同位语。如We Chinese people love peace中的Chinese people是主语We的同位语.一、主语一、主语主语（主语（subject）：）：句子说明的人或事物。句子说明的人或事物。主语一般位于主语一般位
18、于_ 。1.Lucy likes her new bike. 2.We work hard.3.To learn a foreign language is not easy.4.Playing football after school is great fun.句首句首LucyWe3.To learn a foreign language Playing football after school subject1. The sun rises in the east. （ ） 2. He likes dancing. （ ）3. Two will be enough.( ) 4. See
19、ing is believing. （ ） 6. To see is to believe. （ ） 7. When to hold the meeting has not been decided yet. ( )8. What he needs is a book. （ ）9. It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （ ）名词名词代词代词数词数词动名词动名词不定式不定式疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式从句从句It作形式主语，作形式主语，that从句是真正的主语从句是真正的主语当当不定式、动名词或从句不定
20、式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作主语时，在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用常用it作形式主语作形式主语置于置于句首句首，而将真正的主语放在，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。什么情况下用什么情况下用it作形式主语？作形式主语？你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗?你知道怎么翻你知道怎么翻译下列句子吗？译下列句子吗？1) It is wrong to tell a lie. ( ) 2) It is no use arguing a
21、bout it. ( ) 3) It is uncertain who will come. ( ) 说谎是错误的。说谎是错误的。争吵是没用的。争吵是没用的。谁要来还不确定。谁要来还不确定。 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired.二、谓语二、谓语谓语谓语：用于说明主语的用于说明主语的动作动作, ,状态状态，特征特征等等内容内容, ,一般紧跟主语后面。谓语由一般紧跟主语后面。谓语由动词动词(包括包括be动词动词)，动词词组动词词组（及
22、其各种语态和时态）（及其各种语态和时态）构成。例如：构成。例如：lovehave finished can speak seemspredicate情态动词情态动词和和助动词助动词不能单独充当谓语不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.They can speak English well.They are playing over there.一个词的词性决定它在句子中充当什么成份.一个基本句子结构只能有一个谓一个基本句子结构只能有一个谓语部分。语部分。三、宾语三、宾语宾语宾语：宾语表示动作所施加给的对象或承受者，宾语表示动作所施加给的对象或承
23、受者，一般位于一般位于_和和_后面后面(动宾和介宾动宾和介宾)。1.We study English. 2.Our teacher said that he would go there.3.He is looking at the dog.双宾语双宾语：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。 He gave me two books.及物动词及物动词介词介词Englishthat he would go there.the dogobject1.She lived a happy life.( )2.I love you.( )3.We need two.
24、( )4.Do you mind my opening the door?( )5.He began to learn English a year ago.( )6.He did not know what to say.( )7.Did you write down what she said? ( )8. She felt it her duty to take good care ofthem.( ) 名词名词代词代词数词数词动名词动名词不定式不定式疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式从句从句It作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语a happy lifeyoutwoop
25、ening the doorto learn English what to saywhat she saidit to take good care ofthem.表语表语：用以说明主语的身份用以说明主语的身份,特征和状态特征和状态,它它一般位于一般位于系动词系动词(如如:be, become, get, grow, turn, smell, feel, look, sound, taste等等)之后之后.The trees turn green. The flower is beautiful .四、表语四、表语predicative1）状态、保持类：）状态、保持类：be， keep, r
26、emain, stay等。等。He is a teacher. He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。他开会时总保持沉默。2）感官类：主要有）感官类：主要有feel, look, smell, sound, taste等。等。This flower smells very sweet.He looks tired. 系动词（四类）系动词（四类）iskept3）变化类：主要有）变化类：主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come等。等。He became mad after that. 4）似乎好像结果证明
27、是类，主要有）似乎好像结果证明是类，主要有seem, appear, prove, turn out等。等。He seems (to be) very sad.The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。这谣言证实有假。His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。他的计划终于成功了。1. He is a teacher. ( )2. My idea is this.( )3. She was the first to arrive.( )4. I feel much better today./I must be off now. (
28、)5. He is out of danger.( )6. The news was exciting./They were excited at the news.( )7. What surprised me most was that he spoke Chinese so well.( )名词名词代词代词数词数词从句从句形容词形容词/副词副词介词短语介词短语分词分词定语：用来修饰定语：用来修饰_. This is a red car. The building is their teaching building. The woman doctor is my wife. I have
29、 something to tell you. The man in front of the gate is Mr. Li. Every student has an English book.五、定语五、定语名词名词翻译成翻译成“的的”attribute1. Its a red car.( )2.They live in the room above.( )3.My brother is a teacher.( )4.We belong to the third world.( )5.Lucys father is a poor worker.( )6.Mother made a birt
30、hday cake for me.( )7.T h e m a n u n d e r t h e t r e e i s m y teacher.( )8.The swimming boy is my brother./The boy swimming in the river is my brother. ( )形容词形容词副词副词代词代词数词数词名词所有格名词所有格名词名词介词短语介词短语现在分词现在分词9.I liked the food cooked by my mother./R e t i r e d p e o p l e h a v e a g o o d t i m e a
31、 t home.( )10.There are two things to be discussed today.（ ）11.Will you tell us about your teaching plan?（ ）12.This is the very book that I need. （ ）过去分词过去分词不定式不定式动名词动名词从句从句状语：状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态的特征的成个句子，说明动作或状态的特征的成分叫做状语，它可表示时间分叫做状语，它可表示时间, ,地点地点, ,速速度度, ,方式方式, ,程度程度, ,手段等内容。手段
32、等内容。六、状语六、状语AdverbialJohn often came to chat with me( ) As he was ill, he didnt come to class yesterday. ( )She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework. ( )My father worked in this school ten years ago.( )Though he is young, he knows a lot.( )He came running.( )程度，目的程度，目的地点，伴随地点，伴随地点，时间地点，时间让步让步方
33、式方式原因原因1. He is often late for class.( )2. We saw that picture at the cinema.( )3. He sat there smoking.( )4. They returned， tired and hungry. （ ）5. They did everything they could to save the boys life. （ ）6. Although he is young, he knows a lot. ( )7. The box is so heavy that I cant lift it. ( )8.
34、While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. （ ）9. He was angry because we were late( ） 副词，程度副词，程度介词短语，地点介词短语，地点分词，伴随分词，伴随不定式，目的不定式，目的形容词，状态形容词，状态让步状语从句让步状语从句结果状语从句结果状语从句时间状语从句时间状语从句原因状语从句原因状语从句 补语是用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份或补语是用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份或特征。特征。七、补语七、补语Everyone calls him Jack. （宾补）（宾补）He is c
35、alled Jack.（主补）（主补）object complement 同位语是位于名词或代词后面的个别名词同位语是位于名词或代词后面的个别名词或名词词组，对前者进行补充说明或名词词组，对前者进行补充说明 The Great Wall, one of the wonders in the world, attracts a large number of foreign friends.八、同位语八、同位语形容词形容词名词名词介词短语介词短语过去分词过去分词现在分词现在分词省略掉省略掉to的不定式的不定式不定式不定式1We all study hard at English.A. 主语 B.
36、 谓语 C. 宾语 D.表语2Betty likes her new bike very much. A. 主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.表语3My brother is a policeman. A. 主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.表语4Were you at home last night? A.定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语5Winter is the coldest season of the year. A 定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语6He often walks in the park. A.定语 B.状语 C.宾语 D.表语7Mary asked me to help
37、 her yesterday.A.定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语8He bought me a nice present last week. A.宾语 B.直接宾语 C.间接宾语 D.宾补9His parents are doctors.A.宾语 B.表语 C.谓语 D.定语10Ill get you some tea now.A.宾语 B.直接宾语 C.间接宾语 D.宾补11My mother told us an interesting story last night.A.表语 B.直接宾语 C.间接宾语 D.宾补12He has read the book twice.A.主语
38、B.谓语 C.表语 D.宾语13They seemed unhappy when they heard the news.A.表语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.定语14Do you have something to eat ?A.状语 B.定语 C.宾语 D.宾补15We made him our monitor.A.宾语 B.定语 C. 状语 D.宾补简单句简单句 (simple sentence)并列句并列句 (compound sentence)复合句复合句 (complex sentence)英语五种基本句型列式如下：英语五种基本句型列式如下： 基本句型一：基本句型一：i （主谓）（主谓
39、） 基本句型二：基本句型二：（主系表）（主系表） 基本句型三：基本句型三： （主谓宾）（主谓宾） 基本句型四：基本句型四：OiOd （主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾） 基本句型五：基本句型五： （主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补） Point 1 简单句的五种基本类型简单句的五种基本类型 （ five basic sentence patterns) 1.He runs.2. People make history.3. He gave me a book.4. We call her Lily.5. Knowledge is power.主主+谓谓主主 + 谓谓 + 宾宾主主 + 谓谓 + 间宾间宾
40、+ 直宾直宾主主+系系+表表主主 + 谓谓 + 宾宾 + 宾补宾补基本句型一主谓(S+Vi)SViShecooks.Heis workingWhat he said does not matter.The pen writes smoothly.SV（系动词）（系动词） PHeishappy.Everything looksnice. His faceturnedred.基本句型二 主系表(S+V+P)基本句型三主谓宾(S+Vt+O)SVtOWeTheyHeShestudyare playingenjoyssaidEnglish everyday.football.reading.“Good
41、morning.”基本句型四(+t+Oi+Od)SVtOiOdIgivehima book.My motherboughtmea pen yesterday.Ishowed himmy picture.基本句型五(S+Vt+O(宾语)+C（宾补）)SV（及物）（及物）O (宾语宾语)C（宾补）（宾补）Wemust keepthe door open.The newsmakesmehappy.WecallhimJim.Hetoldme to wash the plates.Isawa thiefgoing into your room. 指出下列句子划线部分是什么句指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子
42、成子成份。份。1. There is going to be a Chinese film tonight.( )2. She is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. ( )主语主语谓语谓语3. Her wish is to become a teacher. ( )4. He, my brother, managed to finish the work in time. ( ) 表语表语同位语同位语5. We found it important to learn English. ( )形式宾语形式宾语6. Would you please tell me
43、your name? ( )7. They noticed a man enter the room. ( )8. Johnny Carson began his career in his twenties. ( )间接宾语、直接宾语间接宾语、直接宾语宾语补足语宾语补足语主语主语I bought a beautiful bird.The dog jumped through the window.He is saving up to buy a mobile phone.简单句的主语、宾语可以加上一个短语（如定语）来简单句的主语、宾语可以加上一个短语（如定语）来扩展，及物动词或不及物动词也可
44、以与其它短语（如状语）扩展，及物动词或不及物动词也可以与其它短语（如状语）连用进行扩展，定语和状语是句子的修饰成分连用进行扩展，定语和状语是句子的修饰成分A bright little boy with rosy cheeks put three bottles of milk quietly on my doorstep before seven oclock.Look at some other examplesLook at some other examples定语定语状语状语状语状语Point2Point2 Compound sentence ( (并列句并列句) )并列句是有两个或
45、两个以上的相互关联而又独立的并列句是有两个或两个以上的相互关联而又独立的简单句简单句,由由并列连词并列连词或或;连接而成连接而成.用分号：用分号：We fished all day; we didnt catch a thing.用分号，后跟一个连接副词：用分号，后跟一个连接副词：We fished all day; however, we didnt catch a thing.用并列连词（如用并列连词（如and、but、so、or等）等）We fished all day, but (we) didnt catch a thing.常用并列连词常用并列连词coordinating conj
46、unctions 平行并列连词平行并列连词: 转折并列连词：转折并列连词： 因果并列连词因果并列连词: 选择并列连词选择并列连词:and, bothand, not onlybut also, neithernor, and thenbut, however, while, yetfor, soor, eitheror, neither norExercise:请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。He was tired, so he went to bed.1. He was tired. He went to bed. 2. The c
47、hild hid behind his mothers skirt. He was afraid of the dog.3. He made a promise. He didnt keep it.He made a promise, but he didnt keep it. The child hid behind his mothers skirt, for he was afraid of the dog.Point3Point3 Complex sentence ( (复合句复合句) )复合句是由一个主句和一个或者一个以上从句所复合句是由一个主句和一个或者一个以上从句所构成的句子。复
48、合句在简单句的基础上，通过构成的句子。复合句在简单句的基础上，通过从从属连词属连词将两个或两个以上简单句连接在一起而构将两个或两个以上简单句连接在一起而构成。从属连词所引导的从句起名词、形容词、副成。从属连词所引导的从句起名词、形容词、副词的作用。复合句主要包含以下类型从句：词的作用。复合句主要包含以下类型从句：名词性从句名词性从句形容词性从句形容词性从句副词性从句副词性从句主语从句宾语从句主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句表语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句状语从句状语从句复杂句不“复杂”复合句复合句 = = 简单句简单句 + + 从属连词从属连词 + +简单句简单句I dont know h
49、im.He has finished his work that he has finished his work.whether he has finished his work.who he is travelling with in Washington.when he is leaving for Washington.why he is leaving for Washington.how he is leaving for Washington.which country he is leaving for.宾语宾语宾语从句宾语从句the people in the room. T
50、hat surprised What he saidwhat he did主语主语That he didnt know the answer 定语定语who were sitting in the room.whose sons were at war.That is a desk. 表表 语语what he needs.why he was late.because he was ill.how he succeeded.The fact surprised all of us.He, my brother, is a student. 同位语同位语抽象名词抽象名词The fact surp
