1、.1SKELETAL SYSTEMnFunctionsnClassificationnTypes of bones, tissues and cellsnBone structure (anatomy)nDivisions of the skeletonnJoints (classification and anatomy of joints)nDiseases of the skeletal system .2Bones of the Skeleton .3 carpals clavicle coccyx femur fibula humerus mandible metacarpals m
2、etatarsals patella phalanges pelvis radius ribs sacrum scapula skull sternum tarsals tibia ulna vertebrae212220151914171813143276598101611112122201912181516171314109865432111712.4 Long Bones- metacarples, metatarsals, phalanges, humerus, ulna, radius, tibia, fibula Short Bones- carpals, tarsals Flat
3、 Bones- rib, scapula, skull, sternum Irregular Bones- vertebrae, some facial bones Sesamoid- patella.5.6.7DistalepiphysisProximal epiphysisdiaphysisyellow marrowepiphyseal lineperiosteumcompact bonespongy boneEndosteumhyaline cartilageSharpeys fibers.8.9.10Axial SkeletonnSkullnVertebral columnnRib c
4、age (ribs + sternum)Skull.11Skull Bones* The Skull consists of 8 CRANIAL BONES + 14 FACIAL BONES* The Ears consists of 6 BONES and* Floating in the throat is 1 HYOID BONEInner Ear.12Rib Cage Also called the Thoracic Cage 12 pairs of RIBS 7 true ribs 5 false ribs(2 floating ribs) 1 STERNUM (breastbon
5、e).13Vertebral Column(spinal column/ backbone) 7 CERVICAL (NECK) VERTEBRAE, 12 THORACIC 5 LUMBAR, 5 FUSED VERTEBRAE INTO 1 SACRUM, 4 SMALL FUSED VERTEBRAE INTO 1 COCCYX (YOUR TAIL BONE).14Shoulder Girdles and Arms The Shoulder girdle is also called the pectoral girdle Consists of 4 bones Upper limbs
6、 consist of 60 bones (the hands and wrist contain 54 separate bones).15Hip Girdles and Legs The hip girdle is also called the pelvic girdle Consists of 2 bones Lower limbs consist of 60 bones (the anklesand feet contain 52 separate bones).16Slide 5.52aCopyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishin
7、g as Benjamin CummingsFigure 5.29ac.17Slide 5.52bCopyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin CummingsFigure 5.29df.18.19Anatomy of a Jointn2 or more bonesnJoint capsulenCartilagenSynovial membranenSynovial fluidnFatnLigamentsnBursanMeniscusnTendons.20Osteoporosis- bone reabsorption
8、 outpaces bone deposit; bones become lighter and fracture easierRickets- vitamin D deficiencyOsteomalacia- soft bones, inadequate mineralization in bones, lack of vitamin DPagets Disease- spotty weakening in the bones, excessive and abnormal bone remodelingRheumatoid arthritis- autoimmune reactionDiseases of the Skeletal System:
