1、1. How many times up to today has life on Earth almost died out? die out: to disappear or stop existing completely 绝迹，灭绝绝迹，灭绝; 逐渐消失逐渐消失; 熄灭熄灭 eg Many animals are in danger of dying out because of human activity. Some of the traditional customs are dying out in China. It took a long time before the b
2、ig fire died out.【拓展拓展】die away (指声音、光、风等指声音、光、风等) 变弱变弱，逐渐，逐渐消失，渐渐停止消失，渐渐停止die down 变弱变弱, 逐渐消失逐渐消失, 渐渐停止渐渐停止(与与die away同义同义); (激动激动 的的心情心情) 平静平静下来下来die from/of 因因而死而死die off 相继死亡相继死亡【语境应用语境应用】用以上用以上die短语的适当形式填空。短语的适当形式填空。1) Do you know how many years ago dinosaurs _?2) More and more people _ cancer.
3、 What has happened to the world?3) Although the wind has _, it is still cold outside.4) The flowers are _ because there has been no rain.dying offdied out die of / fromdied down /away 2. About what percent of all species on Earth became extinct during the mass extinction known as the “Great Dying”?
4、mass adj. having an effect on or involving a large number of people or forming a large amount 大量的大量的 n. 块块, 堆堆, 团；大量，团；大量，许多许多 v. 集结，聚集集结，聚集 eg Email has made mass mailings possible at the touch of a button. 有了有了电子邮件，点击一个按钮就可以群发邮件。电子邮件，点击一个按钮就可以群发邮件。 Masses of books covered every surface in the room
5、. 大量大量的书籍摊满了整个房间的书籍摊满了整个房间。 grey clouds massing behind the mountains 在在群山之后积聚的灰色云团群山之后积聚的灰色云团【归纳归纳】a mass of / masses ofthe masses 群众群众【语境应用语境应用】翻译下列句子。翻译下列句子。1) The page was covered with a mass of figures.2) Dark clouds massed on the horizon.3) Their latest product is aimed at the mass market.这页纸上写
6、满了密密麻麻的数字。这页纸上写满了密密麻麻的数字。天边乌云密布。天边乌云密布。 他们的最新产品瞄准了大众市场。他们的最新产品瞄准了大众市场。 3. Extinctions, where entire species are wiped out, are not unusual in our Earths history. wipe out: to destroy, remove, or get rid of something completely 彻底彻底消灭，全部消灭，全部摧毁摧毁；使疲惫不堪使疲惫不堪；把把擦干擦干净净 eg The town was completely wiped o
7、ut by the earthquake. Make sure the inside of the coffee pot is thoroughly wiped out. All that travelling has wiped her out.【拓展拓展】 wipe away 擦掉擦掉, 清除掉清除掉wipe down 从上到下擦干净从上到下擦干净wipe off 擦掉，刷掉擦掉，刷掉 把把擦干净擦干净 把把一笔勾销一笔勾销wipe up 擦干（杯、盘等）擦干（杯、盘等） 把把用布揩掉用布揩掉【语境应用语境应用】汉译英汉译英1) 请用布子把花瓶擦干净。请用布子把花瓶擦干净。 Please
8、wipe out the vase with a cloth.2) 一上午的会议真把我累得要命。一上午的会议真把我累得要命。 The morning meetings really wipe me out.3) 所有的村庄都被战争摧毁了。所有的村庄都被战争摧毁了。 The villages were all wiped out in the war.4. the decrease of the oxygen content of the sea and global warming. decrease n. a reduction 减少；减少的量减少；减少的量 eg There has bee
9、n a steady decrease in the number of visitors. 访客访客数量逐渐减少数量逐渐减少。 vi. & vt. 减少减少 eg Our share of the market has decreased sharply this year. 今年今年我们的市场份额急剧下降。我们的市场份额急剧下降。 We have decreased our involvement in childrens books. 我们我们减少了在儿童读物方面的投入减少了在儿童读物方面的投入。【语境应用语境应用】完成句子完成句子Over the past decades, sea i
10、ce _(decrease) in the Arctic as a result of global warming. has been decreasing5. This time, human activity will be to blame. blame v. to say or think that someone or something is responsible for something bad 责怪，指责责怪，指责 常用搭配：常用搭配： be to blame 把把归咎于归咎于 blame . for sth. 因某事责怪因某事责怪 blame sth. on . 把某事
11、归咎于把某事归咎于 eg The report blames poor safety standards for the accident. One of the computers is broken and shes blaming it on me. Officials believe that more than one person may be to blame for the fire.n. (对对错误或坏事应负错误或坏事应负的的)责任责任常用搭配：常用搭配：take / bear the blame 承担责任承担责任put / lay the blame on 怪在怪在身上身上
12、eg Im going to take all the blame on myself. But you are not to blame; I cant put the blame on you.【语境应用语境应用】汉译英汉译英1) 他们责怪秘书造成计划失败。他们责怪秘书造成计划失败。 They blamed the secretary for the failure of the plan. / They blamed the failure of the plan on the secretary.2) 这次交通事故应该由这名司机负责。这次交通事故应该由这名司机负责。 The drive
13、r was to blame for the traffic accident. / The driver should take / bear the blame for the traffic accident.6. It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth, including animals and plants. affect vt. to do something that produces an effect or change in something o
14、r in someones situation 影响影响 (感情上感情上) 深深打动深深打动, 使悲伤使悲伤(或怜悯等或怜悯等) (疾病疾病)侵袭侵袭, 使感染使感染 eg The change in climate may affect your health. We were deeply affected by the news of her death. Its a disease which affects mainly older people.【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1) With the governments aid, those people _ (affe
15、ct) by the earthquake have moved for the new places. 2) 教授的演讲深深打动了听众。教授的演讲深深打动了听众。 The audience _ by the professors speech.were deeply affected affectedaffect, effect, influenceaffect v. 外来的行为、作用等产外来的行为、作用等产生的影响。生的影响。More than seven million people have been affected by flood.effect n. 侧重影响的结果。侧重影响的结
16、果。have a good/bad effect on sth./sb.The medicine had a good effect on me. influence n. &v. 通过说服、举例等方法通过说服、举例等方法对行动、思想等产生潜对行动、思想等产生潜移默化的影响。移默化的影响。have an influence onHe had a great influence on my career.【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1) How do you think the changes will _ you? 你认为这些变化会如何影响你？你认为这些变化会如何影响你？2) Th
17、ere is enough evidence that cars _ the environment. 有足够的证据表明汽车对环境有负面影响。有足够的证据表明汽车对环境有负面影响。3) _ by a high school biology teacher, he took up the study of medicine. 在一位高中生物老师的影响下，他开始从事医学研究。在一位高中生物老师的影响下，他开始从事医学研究。 affecthave a bad effect onInfluenced7. Of course, as we humans depend on so many species
18、 for our survival, we would also be at risk of dying out. be at risk: in a situation where you may be harmed 处境危险，处境危险，受到威胁受到威胁 【归纳归纳】 at the risk of . 冒着冒着样的风险样的风险 at ones own risk 自担风险自担风险 take/run a risk/risks 冒险冒险 take/run the risk of . 冒冒的危险的危险 【语境应用语境应用】翻译下列句子。翻译下列句子。1) 优秀的飞行员从来不冒险。优秀的飞行员从来不冒险。2) 我不想冒险把约翰单独留下我不想冒险把约翰单独留下。3) 我们我们必须制止这些谣传，公司的名誉受到了威胁。必须制止这些谣传，公司的名誉受到了威胁。A good pilot never takes / runs a risk.I didnt want to take / run the risk of leaving John alone.We must stop these rumours; the firms reputation is at risk.
