1、Unit 2 Out of this worldGrammar and usageSubject clauses（subject）主语Wang Yibo was one of my boyfriends.He was born in Luoyan in 1997.Falling In Love is his works. Marrying him is my dream. To become popular is not easy. 什么是(clause)从句?只要是（连词只要是（连词+句子）的这种形式出现在一个句子当中句子）的这种形式出现在一个句子当中请观察下列句子, find主语从句的特点
2、？1. That the earth travels round the sun is a well-known fact.2. Whether the artist can do it or not is uncertain. 3. Who will act the lead in the play has not been decided yet.4. Where the young man has gone is not known.5. When and where the test will be given is not yet decided.语序？连词？连词意义？连词成分？总结
3、在复合句中充当在复合句中充当_成分的句子叫做主语从句。成分的句子叫做主语从句。（1）引导主语从句的词有）引导主语从句的词有_（2）主语从句必须有引导词，一般位于）主语从句必须有引导词，一般位于_，（能否省略）（能否省略）_（3）主语从句大多数情况下视为）主语从句大多数情况下视为_(单数单数/复数复数)（4）主语句用从）主语句用从_语序。语序。(陈述语序陈述语序/倒装语序倒装语序)1. What is a subject clause?2. What can introduce a subject clause?Lead-inA sentence that acts as a subject i
4、n a compound sentence is called a subject clause.We use conjunctions, conjunctive pronouns or conjunctive adverbs to introduce subject clauses.Exploring the rulesRead the passage in part A and find the sentences with subject clauses. That Hubble is based in space allows it to see further than ground
5、-based telescope, Whether life on other planets does exist is yet to be proved, It is clear that telescopes are crucial tools for space exploration and that How much we will learn from the telescopes is merely limited by our imagination.Rule No. 1: A subject clause is usually at the beginning of the
6、 sentence, but it can be used as the preparatory subject when a subject clause is long.(1) It is clear that telescopes are crucial tools for space exploration.(2) It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film.(3) It is obvious that he will succeed.(4) It is reported that there were no injuries and
7、deaths.Exploring the rulesRule No. 2: We can use that to introduce a subject clause when the clause is a statement. That Hubble is based in space allows it to see further than ground-based telescope.That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.Exploring the rulesRul
8、e No. 3: We can use whether to introduce a subject clause when the clause is a yes-no question. If it functions as the preparatory subject, whether in the subject clause can be replaced with if. But if there is or or or not in the sentence, if cant be used to replace whether. Whether life on other p
9、lanets does exist is yet to be proved.Whether well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.It makes no difference whether/if the meeting will be held.It makes no difference whether or not he will come. Exploring the rulesRule No. 4: We can use a conjunctive pronoun to introduce a subject clause w
10、hen the clause lacks the subject, object, predicative or attributive.1. What he wants to tell us is not clear.2. He is no longer what he was five years ago.3. Whatever I have done is only for you.4. Who will win the match is still unknown.5. Whoever wants to do the job must be interviewed.6. Whom sh
11、e borrowed the money from is under investigation.7. Whose handwriting is the best in the class is known to all.8. It doesnt matter to me whichever you choose. Exploring the rulesRule No. 5: We can use a conjunctive adverb to introduce a subject clause when the clause lacks adverbials.1. It is known
12、to us how he became a writer.2. Where the English evening will be held has not been announced.3. When we arrive doesnt matter.4. Why he didnt pass the exam is unknown.Exploring the rules he will fly for Shanghai hasnt been decided yet. we are invited to the concert this evening is good news to us. t
13、hey need is a good textbook. says that school years are the best time of ones life is probably an adult. I wonder my efforts were in vain. Can you help me find the reasons? one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.Applying the rulesWhen ThatWhatWhoeverwhyWhicheverApplying the rules7. we
14、used to live has become a wasteland.8. It is still under discussion the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel.9. she likes will be given to him.10. will win the match remains to be seen.11. It is under discussion painting is the best.12. It is still a question we can begin our exped
15、ition. Wherewhether/ifWhateverWhowhosewhen Could you circle the mistakes in Part B1 and correct them?1. The space mission went so well was beyond our expectations. 2. Whether they are able to grow more vegetables in space depend on how much time it takes. 3. It was not clear how long he will stay on
16、 the space station. 4. What the lunar probe did not land was a worry for the people back on the Earth. 5. That makes the Chinese people happy is that China has successfully launched a space rocket. Applying the rulesThat the space missiondependsisThatWhatApplying the rulesTip 1: When that introduces
17、 a subject clause, it cant be left out.Tip 2: In a compound sentence with a subject clause, predicate verbs should be in the singular. Could you complete the passage in B2 on Page 21 with the correct subject clauses in the box?Applying the rulesThe Chinese Lunar Exploration Program is also known as
18、the Change Program.Run by the China National Space Administration, Chinas space agency, it comprises three stages: orbiting, landing and returning.a how it laid the foundation for future explorationb that the data gathered by them provided valuable informationc what advances China will make in the f
19、utured why China is one of the world leaders in space exploratione what amazed the whole nation in October 2010The programs first spacecraft, Change 1 lunar orbiter, was launched in October 2007. It successfully orbited and scanned the Moon. (1) _ was that Change 2 reached the Moon within just five
20、days. With better techniques and equipment, Change 2 completed a more detailed scan of the Moon before heading into deep space. The success of the two spacecraft showed the world how far Chinese space exploration had come. It was evident (2) _.Applying the rulesWhat amazed the whole nation in Octobe
21、r 2010that the data gathered by them provided valuable informationDecember 2013 witnessed the Chinese spacecrafts first soft landing on the Moon. The landing of Change 3 proved to be a success and (3) _ was plain to see. In January 2019, Change 4 succeeded in landing on the far side of the Moon. In
22、December 2020, Change 5 successfully collected and returned lunar samples. China has successfully completed the three stages of the program. However, (4) _ is anybodys guess.Applying the ruleshow it laid the foundation for future explorationwhat advances China will make in the future Could you write
23、 down your prediction about the development of space exploration using subject clauses?Applying the rulesIt is clear that many exciting things will happen in the development of space exploration in the future. I think manned space missions to Mars will happen in my lifetime and a permanent base on M
24、ars will also be established. Hopefully, new energy sources will be developed, which will make space flight cheaper and faster. But how soon and how far we advance in developing the required technology to do so depends on the collaboration between the many countries around the world. It is possible
25、that the technology will be available before 2040 and I am looking forward to that.1 .从属连词：从属连词：that, whether引导主语从句只起 _作用，在主语从句中 _任何成分,that本身无实际意义，但不能 _。whether“是否” 之意。_price will go up is certain._he will come is certain._we go by train or by boat makes no difference._he will come here isnt clear.连
26、接无省略ThatThatWhetherWhether1).连接词: that, whether (1)._ he will win is certain. (2).It has been reported _sales of beef in China will increase. (3)._ we shall raise ducks or geese remains to be decided. (4)._ he ll join us in the discussion is of great importance.ThatthatWhetherWhether2) 连接代词连接代词: who
27、, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever等。等。_side will win is not clear._will sing the song alone has not been decided yet._Xiao Zhan said is beyond doubt._told a lie remains a question.WhichWhoWhatWho 2) 连接代词: who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever等。(1).It is cl
28、ear is afraid of having a change in land ownership.(2)._ bag it is can not be told.(3)._ India needs is a law to make land ownership fairer.whoWhoseWhat(4).It is not yet decided _cash crop经济作物 will be produced next year.(5)._ go there must get ready by 6 oclock.whichWhoever3.连接副词连接副词when, where, how
29、, why等。等。_this happened is not clear to anyone._he will be back depends on the weather._Lisa will come to Hangzhou will be informed soon._the concert will be held is not yet decided. HowWhenWhenWhere3) 连接副词: when, where, why, how, how many, how much ,how long, how soon, how often(1). _well start tom
30、orrow will be told soon.(2). _we can buy lolita costume is something we need to find out.(3)._Cai Xukun came here is not known. WhenWhereHow / When下列各句均有一处错误，请改正并分析原因。下列各句均有一处错误，请改正并分析原因。1. Light travels faster than sound is common knowledge.2. If shes coming or not doesnt matter much.Thatthat虽无词义但引
31、导主语从句位于句首时不能省略。虽无词义但引导主语从句位于句首时不能省略。Whetherif, whether都可表示都可表示“是否是否”, 但但if不能引导位于主句之前的主不能引导位于主句之前的主语从句，它可以引导位于主句之后带有形式主语语从句，它可以引导位于主句之后带有形式主语it的主语从的主语从句。句。主语从句常见错误3. That the professor said is of great importance.4. Where will the trees be planted has not been decided.Whatthat引导主语从句时无词义。引导主语从句时无词义。Wh
32、at the professor said表示表示“教授所说的教授所说的”。将将will置于置于trees之后。主语从句要之后。主语从句要用陈述句语序。用陈述句语序。5. No matter who breaks the rule will be punished.6. When and where the meeting will be held still remain a question.引导让步状语从句时二者可互换，但引引导让步状语从句时二者可互换，但引导名词性从句时只能用导名词性从句时只能用whoever。Whoever 主语从句表示单一概念时，谓语要用主语从句表示单一概念时，谓语
33、要用单数形式。单数形式。remains主语从句后置主语从句后置2 .用用it作形式主语的结构作形式主语的结构 (1) lt+be+ _+that从句从句(obvious, true, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc)_she will do well in her exam.她肯定能在考试中发挥很好。她肯定能在考试中发挥很好。(2) lt+be+ _+ that从句从句(an honor, a fact, a pity, etc)Its a pity _.真可惜我们去不了。
34、真可惜我们去不了。形容词It is certain that 名词词组that we cant go (3)It+be+ _+that从句(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, etc)It is said that Mr. Green _.据说格林先生已近到达北京。(4)It + _+ that从句(seem, happen, doesnt matter, turn out)_I was out that day. 那天我碰巧出去了。_whether she will come or not. 她会不会来不重要。过去分词has arrived in Beijing不及物动词或短语It happened that I It doesnt matter
