1、Lesson ThreePub Talk and the Kings EnglishAims 1.To learn the methods in developing an expository writing,esp. the use of examples2. To know how to make good conversation3. To trace the history of the Kings English4. To analyse the features of spoken English5.To appreciate the language features Teac
2、hing Contentsn1. Exposition n2. History of Britain n2. Detailed study of the textn3. Organizational patternn4. Language featuresn5. The characteristics of spoken English Time allocation1. Exposition and history (15 min.)2. Detailed study of the text (105 min.)3. Structure analysis (15 min.)4. Langua
3、ge appreciation (15 min.)5. The characteristics of spoken English (30 min)n Writing stylena piece of expositionnWhat is Kings English?nWhat is pub talk?Writing stylenThe title of this piece is not very aptly chosen. nIt misleads the readers into thinking that the writer is going to demonstrate some
4、intrinsic or linguistic relationship between pub talk and the kings EnglishWriting stylenWhereas the writer, in reality, is just discoursing on what makes good conversation.nHe feels that bar conversation in the pub has a charm of its own.Writing stylenThe writer illustrates his point by describing
5、the charming conversation he had with some people one evening in a pub on the topic “the Kings English.nThe thesis - in the opening sentence of Para 1.Writing stylenConversation is the most sociable of all human activities.nThe last sentence of the last par. winds up the theme by pointing out what i
6、s the bane (祸害）of good conversation . talking sense“Writing stylenThe real thesis - in the 3rd para. “Bar conversation has a charm of its own”.nA better title would be:n The Art of Good Conversation“nThe Charms of ConversationThe History of Britainn1.The native people in Britain Celts n- Celt (langu
7、age)n2. Roman Conquest 43 AD, ruled for 400 yearsn Latin (language)The History of Britainn3. In 449 Angles, Saxon, and Jutes from Northwest of Germany , conquered the most part of England n English - old EnglishThe History of Britainn4. 9th century, Scandinavian conquest Danish (language)n5. 11th ce
8、ntury Norman Conquest for 400 years French (language)n6. British people conquered the conquest again. English won its recognition.n*http:/www.bbc.co.uk/history/timelines/britain/o_neo_bronze.shtml *Detailed study of the textnpub talkn - conversation held in the public housenThe Kings English n- stan
9、dard EnglishDetailed study of the textnConversation is the .:nConversation helps to promote an agreeable pleasant and informal relationship among people.sociable n - friendly; agreeablenThe smiths are a sociable family.nWe spent a sociable evening drinking the other day.nA sociable person is one who
10、 is friendly.And it is an activity only of humann- And conversation is an activity which is found only among human beings. nAnimals and birds are not capable of conversation.intricate - complicatednThe intricate computer requires a skilled operator.nan intricate argument / plotn design / patternindu
11、lge in n- enjoy; satisfy 容许自己享受； 尽情nallow oneself to have or enjoynHe indulged heavily in conversation and drink.indulge in nHe occasionally indulges in the luxury of a good cigar.nWe indulge in an expensive supper after the concert.nNazi madmen indulged in the torture of their victims before they k
12、illed them.Par. 2 n How to make good conversation?What makes good conversation?n1. Anything can start a conversation. It does not need a special topic to start a conversation. And once started, no one knows how or where it will end.What makes good conversation? n2. What spoils the conversation is pe
13、ople who think they have a lot of important things to say. He who would have anything important to say spoils the conversation.n3. Conversation is not for making a point.What makes good conversation? n4. There is no winning in conversation. One does not try to prove himself right and others wrong. W
14、e may argue but we neednt try to convince others that they are wrong and we are right.make a point n- prove effectively truth of ones statement by argument or in some other way.立论； 证明观点nThis is the first point I want to make.nIn this case he made a point. n在这一点上，他发表了自己的观点。in a flash - in a secondnIn
15、 a flash he realized that they were presents from his patients.nEverything happened in a flash.na flash in a panThey are ready to let it go.n- They are ready to give up the opportunity to tell one of their best anecdotes (because the conversation has moved onto other subjects)metaphornmeandernleap -
16、 river 1. flow slowly turning here and there2. jump overmetaphornSparklenglow - fire 81. small flashes82. bright lightmixed metaphor nmeander/ sparkle - smooth / peacefulnleap / glow - exciting / heatednThe writer in the same sentence compares conversation to river and fire as well.Para 3 nthe real
17、thesis - nBar conversation has a charm of its ownWhy does the writer like bar conversation so much?1. The writer is only a frequenter of pubs.2. Bar goers are not intimate friends.nBar/church, the place for people to make friends. Bar plays an important role in social activities in the western world
18、.on the rocks -8 infml clich1. wrecked or ruinednMr Jones business was on the rocks. = His business was losing money and almost ruined.on the rocks82.with ice onlynSally ordered an orange juice on the rocks.= Sally ordered an orange juice with ice cubes.nMarriage is compared to a ship wrecked on the
19、 rocks.Ancient superstition:1. get out of bed on the wrong sideget up on the wrong side of the bedAncient superstition Getting out of bed on the wrong side will bring you bad luck. The wrong side is usually the left side. When one get out of bed on the wrong side, it usually means youre in the grump
20、y or bad mood.nGo back to bed and get up on the right side.Ancient superstition2. “Step on a spider. it is sure to rain”nThis superstition is told to all children, because no one wants it to rain. Spiders generally live a long and healthy life.3. The number 13 has often been thought to be a bad omen
21、. People should never invite 13 guests to dinner. It is believed that one will die before the year is out .Ancient superstition4. Friday the 13th is day to stay at home and do nothing. It is doubly unlucky, when the 13th of the month falls on a Friday. Bad things will happen. Many people refrain fro
22、m starting activities on the 13th to make sure no evil will happen to them.up-bringing - the training and education received while growing upnHis upbringing explains a lot about his attitude towards women.of ones own - belong strictly to oneselfnShe has a mind of her own. 她颇有主见。nFor reasons of his o
23、wn, he refused to join the club.n由于某些个人理由，他拒绝参加那个俱乐部。delve 8dig, research; investigatendelve into book 专研书本ndelve into the past 调查过去的情况nIf you delve into sth, you try to discover new information about it.two kinds of language:a) colloquial expressionnon the rocksnget out of bed on the wrong sideb) l
24、iterary allusion 文学典故， 引喻 in reference to a person; event; storyMusketeers of Dumas“8http:/ three Musketeers in Dumas novel are very close friends. They supported each other with their fortune and their lives, yet they showed no curiosity in or tried to find out anything about each others private li
25、fe. Para.1-3 Questions:1.How do you comment on the title?2.What is the first topic the writer puts forward?3.Do you think the writer sticks to this topic?4.What makes a good conversation?5.Why does the writer like bar conversation so much?Para. 4nSpecific example. It may be used as a transitional pa
26、ragraph. In order to arouse the readers curiosity the writer didnt mention the topic until the next paragraph.desultory - aimless, half-hearted (fml) 散漫nThe word comes from the Latin desultor - leaper . Something that is desultory is done or happen in an unplanned and disorganized way, and without e
27、nthusiasm.desultory nThere were some desultory attempts to defend him.nHe began to look desultorily for another apartment.n a conversation 漫谈n research 漫无边际的研究n a walk 漫步commonplace - ordinary, commonnDisposable cigarette lighters are commonplace. Air travel has now become .nn. In earlier centuries
28、the death of children was a commonplace.alchemy - magic1.the form of chemistry studied in the Middle Ages, which was especially concerned with trying to discover ways to change ordinary metals into gold.2.a literary use, the power to do sth. so well that it seems mysterious and magical the alchemy o
29、f his performanceaffirmation - a statement of your belief in and support for them &the denunciation of privilege and affirmation 指责特权 &affirmation of equality 赞同平等a term of criticism - why?&The Kings English is a kind of language one should try to use and imitate. Someone told me that the language s
30、hould not be used. The term is criticizing instead of praising.convict - a person who has been found guilty of a crime and sent to prison esp. for a long timenan escaped convictnan ex-con 前科犯barrier, obstacle, difficultyndifficulty - the most general of the words and may be applied loosely to any tr
31、oublesome state of affairs&to have difficulty in learning higher mathematics&the difficulty of driving a car through deep mudbarrier, obstacle, difficulty nobstacle - something that one must either remove or go around before being able to proceedn The huge tree that had been blown down by the storm
32、was an obstacle to traffic.nIll health may be an obstacle to a childs progress in school.barrier, obstacle, difficulty nbarrier - an obstacle that temporarily impedes progress but is not necessarily impassable.nWriters never tire of depicting the barriers that arise between parents and growing child
33、ren.barriernThe thick walls and moats of castles were built as barriers against attackers.n城堡修筑厚实的城墙及护城河都是为了将其用作防御进攻的障碍物。churl - (old use) a person of low birth, esp. a peasantswing - (cause to) change to a large degreenShe swung from happiness to tearsnThe value of the dollar swung downwards.Par 8n
34、History of English. TnThe writer here makes digression to show conversation going on without focus.out of snobberyn - (in order) because they want to show their superior taste in matter of food.out of snobberynIn English restaurants, esp, in high-class restaurants, the names of the dishes on the men
35、us are quite often in French. This is done out of snobbery because in the Western countries people consider French food to be the best.out of snobberynBut even if they wrote their menus in English, they would have to use many words, such as pork, beef, veal, poultry etc derived from French and which
36、 were first introduced into England by the Norman rulers.snobbery -n1. the attitude of someone who belongs to or admires the higher social class of society, and despises people of a lower social classsnobbery -n2. the attitude of sb, who believes that his own special tastes, interests and abilities
37、are superior to those of other people.nsnobbish / snobrift - fml, lit.n1. a crack, narrow opening made by breakingnThe sun appeared through a rift in the clouds.n2. (fig) division Im afraid theres been a rift between us. A deep rift has started in their family life.Par.10 nexample to show class dist
38、inctionnscamper -nWhen people or small animals scamper, they move with small, quick, bouncing steps.nThe mouse scampered into its hole.turn up ones nose at n- a trite expressionnshow contempt for / ignore / score / consider sth not good enoughnI wish my child wouldnt turn up his nose at vegetables.t
39、urn up ones nose atnMy friend turns up his nose at anyone who hasnt had a college education.n- turn up ones toes n to die (slang)bilingual education n- using two languages in teaching nSince there are now some two or three million Americans of Latin American parentage whose language is Spanish, a re
40、cent movement has been for bilingual education, usually English and Spanish. nUnder this plan, students whose first language is sth other than English receive instruction in that language as well as English, so as not to deprive them of equal educational opportunity. bilingual educationnThis proposa
41、l, which has been only sporadically（不时发生地） implemented （执行，生效）has caused a great deal of controversy in the US.bi + adj. n- meaning double, two, appearing twicenbimonthly 每月二次nbiannual 每年二次nbiplane 双翼飞机into the shoes of n- (infml) in the position of experiencing what another has to experiencenIm gla
42、d Im not in his shoe just now.cultural humiliation -nThe English must have felt greatly humiliated when they were forced to listen to and use a foreign language and to accept a foreign language. So they took up arms against this cultural humiliation. The leader is Hereward the Wake.Hereward the Wake
43、n3image-1*nan Anglo-Saxon patriot and rebel leader, he rose against the Norman conquerors but was defeated. nThis sentence means like Herewaaard the Wake, when the English rose against the Norman conquerors, they must have felt greatly humiliated when they were forced to listen to and use a foreign
44、language to accept a foreign culture.heirs to it n- it is not clearn1. the English we speak and write in America today also shows the French influence of that time. We have inherited this French influence on the English language.heirs to itn2. In America today we are facing the same problem that exi
45、sted in England 900 years ago. The problem of having two languages existing side by side.(English and Spanish)Par 12 n the history of the Kings EnglishnNewes - archaic spellingnStrange News of the Intercepting Certain Lettersnthou clipst the Kings English - middle Englishclip - simplifynabbreviate i
46、n speech or writing as nkyou for thank you“nThey gave him clipped and precise instructions.nHis plays are written in a very clipped style. nA clipped style of language expresses things quickly and clearly using as few words as possible.Gods patience.nThere will be a great trying of ones patience and
47、 plentiful misuse of the Kings English.nNo matter how patient you are, you wont be able to bear him, because he will even try Gods patience. God is more patient than any human being.abusing n1. take unfair or undue advantage of (ones patience)n2. improper or incorrect use of language (the Kings Engl
48、ish)come into its own -nreceive what properly belongs to one, esp acclaim or recognition 获得应得的nShe didnt really come into her own until shed won the election for Party leader. 才奠定了应有的地位nWith the success of the Model T Ford, the automobile industry came into its own.n随着T型福特汽车的成功，汽车工业受到了应有的重视。Elizabet
49、hans-nthe famous writers in Elizabethan time (period)nShakespeare/ MiltonSimilenExtended simile nblow on a dandelion clock seeds multiplied floated to the ends of the earthnTo spread the English language is compared to the blowing of a dandelion clock.nEnglish was spread far and wide by those famous
50、 writers.The Kings English was no longer.“nThe use of English was no longer restricted to a certain race or class. Now English is used both by the King and common people in England.pejorative ndisparaging, downgradingn(a word, phrase) that suggests that somebody or sth, is bad or worthlessnI didnt t
