1、 IELTS WRITINGLesson Four: 段落连接关系段落连接关系+如何写论据如何写论据+论据综合实例论据综合实例越努力越幸运 IELTS WRITING 中间段落由关联词中间段落由关联词+分论点分论点+分论点的论证分论点的论证构成构成 分论点和分论点的论证之间可能有关联词。分论点和分论点的论证之间可能有关联词。越努力越幸运IELTS WRITING1 顺接顺接(一边倒的内部一边倒的内部)议论类：议论类：并列并列 For one thing For another On one hand On the other hand递进：递进： Moreover Besides Furthe
2、rmore More importantly In addition to Additionally 越努力越幸运原因建议类：原因建议类： The most important reason ( factor) An equally important reason An additional reasonIELTS WRITING越努力越幸运2. 逆接（两边倒）逆接（两边倒） 1. While there is great deal of enthusiasm nowadays over the advantages of the Internet, its drawbacks should
3、 not be neglected. 2. While it is undeniable that studying abroad is beneficial, it inevitably carries some intrinsic defects. IELTS WRITING越努力越幸运 IELTS WRITING3. Proponents of such a change hold /maintain/argue that Opponents of such a practice 4. An argument used by opponents of is /an argument ad
4、vanced on behalf of is 5. For the people who lend their support tofor the people who wish to see the legal prohibition of 越努力越幸运转折与让步转折与让步转折： However Nevertheless Nonetheless In spite of 让步： Admittedly IELTS WRITING越努力越幸运 IELTS WRITING1.扩展主题句扩展主题句 （基本句型）（基本句型）2. 假设论证假设论证 （状语从句）（状语从句）3. 延长因果链延长因果链 （状
5、语从句）（状语从句）4. 举例论证举例论证 (单个例子，例子排比）单个例子，例子排比） 5. 对比论证对比论证 （具体情况，时间对比）（具体情况，时间对比）6. 驳论驳论 越努力越幸运论证方法：论证方法： 同一段可以使用多个论证手段同一段可以使用多个论证手段但是：但是： 不是说每一段都得使用到这几种，将论证方不是说每一段都得使用到这几种，将论证方法分散到你的论据种。不要成了填空式作文。法分散到你的论据种。不要成了填空式作文。越努力越幸运 1. 扩展主题句：扩展主题句：A: 同义替换同义替换1. in other words换言之2. that is to say也就是说3. to be mor
6、e precise说的具体一些4. by I mean 我的意思是5. this means这意味着6. namely越努力越幸运 1. 扩展主题句：扩展主题句：B: 主题句中的名词讲清楚主题句中的名词讲清楚-抽象名词具体化抽象名词具体化 The cost of living has been steadily rising in the past decades. Food prices, clothing costs, housing expenses, and tuition fees annually increased by 5.59% over the period of 1995
7、 to 2008.越努力越幸运 Initially, one issue makes me support this is that (1topic stentence) the development of science and technology has always accomapanied the progress of society. (1 details).The invention of the steam engine led to the industrial revolution and brought about a new era of thrift of wor
8、ld economy. The employment of electricity has multiplied the productivity and reproduced the limited energy on earth. The innovation of computer technology resulted in the informaiton age and connected the distant countries as a single market.(3 details).越努力越幸运060318： Some people think that teachers
9、 should be responsible for teaching students how to judge right and wrong and how to behave well. Some say that teachers should only teach students about academic subjects. Discuss both views and give your opinion.越努力越幸运1. For one thing, offering academic knowledge can contribute to students achieve
10、ment.2. For another, at the community level, education institutions, obviously, should shoulder the responsbility to cultivate qualified citizens.越努力越幸运TS: For one thing, offering academic knowledge can contribute to students achievement.使用拓展主题句方法展开： That is to say, in primary school, children shoul
11、d be instilled the ability of spell chinese characters and basic mathmatical knowledge which ensure them mastering the commen sense in daily life and offering the first step of further education. 越努力越幸运2. 假设说明假设说明思路：条件状语从句 目的状语从句越努力越幸运 IELTS WRITING3. 延长因果链延长因果链 The most immediate factor that has gi
12、ven rose to this phenomenon is the extensive use of farming machinery. Such as seeding, harvesting and grain-dying machines, in the process of the modernization of agricultural production, which has, in turn freed more farmers form the land to seek better opportunities in cities. With more immigrant
13、 workers swarming into them, many cities have been forced to expand into the neighboring countryside, as to accommodate the swelling population. 越努力越幸运TS: For one thing, offering academic knowledge can contribute to students achievement.使用拓展主题句方法展开： In primary school, children should be instilled th
14、e ability of spelling chinese letters and basic mathmatical knowledge which ensure them mastering the commen sense in daily life. When students have a good command of academic subjects, such as, they can obation the priority to further education. If they fail to master those knowledge, it is difficu
15、lt to seek a briht futur. 越努力越幸运 IELTS WRITING4. 举例论证举例论证1)分论点体现在具体的人、事物和场合上（注意内部逻辑）分论点体现在具体的人、事物和场合上（注意内部逻辑） Rather than limiting mans imagination, the general application of modern technologies actually enables man to be more and more creative. For instance, Dream Works, the famous American film c
16、ompany, has been designing and producing cartons using computer technology. (3D technology)越努力越幸运 IELTS WRITING For example, Michelangelo would not have become distinguished painter if he had spent his days doodling. Another illustration is that Mozart would not have grown up to be a accompllished m
17、usician at the age of 8 if he had stayed in front of television. Like Marie Curie and Helen Keller, they responded to the challenges of lives activily by displined trainings, and then they gained a new freedom of their lives. (3 examples). 越努力越幸运 举例子举例子1. I can think of no better illustrationof this
18、 idea than the fact that more and more young people are finding it easier to get jobs.2. A good case in point is Wuhan, which has a pedestrian shopping street.3. Take my father as an example.4. to illustrate, as an illustration越努力越幸运TS: It is the essential responsbility for teachers to convey acadim
19、ic subjects to learners. 使用拓展主题句方法展开： In primary school, children should be instilled the ability of spelling chinese letters and basic mathmatical knowledge which ensure them mastering the commen sense in daily life. When students have a good command of academic subjects, such as, they can obation
20、the priority to further education. If they fail to master those knowledge, it is difficult to seek a briht futur. For instance, if a student fail to perform well in passing math, English, physics, and literature, he or she will be doomed to gain a failure in entering into unversity which can offer a
21、 diploma, thus, students will be handicapped by lack of required acadimic knowledge. 越努力越幸运5、对比论证、对比论证 Comparison and contrast A： 具体情况反对对比 B: 过去和现在的对比越努力越幸运 Should young adults want independence from their parents as soon as possible? TS: At the comtempary society, moral guidance should be offered b
22、y parents to ensure those young fellows to refrain from misleading by inappropriate materials.越努力越幸运 第一句：如果年轻人没有适当的保护没有适当的保护直接面对面对社会上所有的诱惑诱惑，他们就会比和父母生活在一起的同和父母生活在一起的同龄人龄人更有可能走上犯罪道路走上犯罪道路。 If young adults are exposed without proper protection from their parents to all the temptations and evils of soc
23、iety, they are more likely to fall into a life of crime than people of the same age who still live with their parents. 越努力越幸运 第二句：转折 相反，对于那些依然和父母生活的年轻人来说，他们会知道当他们有困难的时候该怎么做。 conversely, for those who still stay with their families, they might be informed of correct ways when they are in trouble. 越努力
24、越幸运TS: For one thing, offering academic knowledge can contribute to students achievement.使用拓展主题句方法展开： In primary school, children should be instilled the ability of spelling chinese letters and basic mathmatical knowledge which ensure them mastering the commen sense in daily life. When students have
25、 a good command of academic subjects, such as, they can obation the priority to further education. If they fail to master those knowledge, it is difficult to seek a briht futur. For instance, if a student fail to perform well in passing math, English, physics, and literature, he or she will be doome
26、d to gain a failure in entering into unversity which can offer a diploma, thus, students will be handicapped by lack of required acadimic knowledge. In the past, the development of society was not as rapid as now, it is unnecessary to be equipped with a large quantity knowledge, however, nowadays, d
27、irven by scientific and technogical breakthroughs, only when sthdents own as much knowledge as others domestic and abroad, can they become more competitive, which is the basic obligation of teachers in cureent situation in China.越努力越幸运 IELTS WRITING：TASK II6. 什么叫做驳论？越努力越幸运 IELTS WRITING：TASK II Some
28、 people hold that(反方观点)，because(反方的简单论据). However, they are oversimplifying the situation. In fact(反驳反方观点或者建立自己的观点）越努力越幸运 IELTS WRITING：TASK II Task response（任务反应）（任务反应） What is your opinion about nuclear technologies? In fact, the nuclear technology is more a curse than a blessing for society. As a
29、n energy provider, the nuclear technology would threaten or even destroy the environment if there were a technical accident, which is more often than not the case.越努力越幸运 IELTS WRITING：TASK II Some people hold that(反方观点)，because(反方的简单论据). However, they are oversimplifying the situation. In fact(反驳反方观
30、点或者建立自己的观点） Some people assert that the nuclear technology, as an energy provider, is beneficial for society, because it can create cheap and clean energy. However, they are oversimplifying the situation. In fact, if there were a technical accident, which is more often than not the case, the outcome
31、 would be disastrous 越努力越幸运IELTS WRITINGoSome people may think/argue/insist that(反方观点）, because(反方观点的论据). However, they are oversimplifying the situation. In fact/As a matter of fact/in actuality, (反驳反方观点或建立自己的观点）oEg: Some people think that the nuclear technology, as an energy provider, is beneficia
32、l for society, because it can create cheap and clean energy. However, they are oversimplifying the situation. In fact, if there were a technical accident, which is more often than not the case, the outcome would be disastrous.越努力越幸运 Those who argue that often build their reasoning on such an assumpt
33、ion that. This assumption, nevertheless, is absurd/misleading. Those who argue that the nuclear technology, as an energy provider, is beneficial for society often build their reasoning on such an assumption that it can create cheap and clean energy. This assumption, nevertheless, is absurd. In fact,
34、 if there were a technical accident, which is more often than not the case, the outcome would be disastrous.IELTS WRITING越努力越幸运 Those who argue that governments should not take the responsibility to fund the development of arts often build their reasoning on such an assumption that arts contribute l
35、ittle to the improvement of human life. This assumption/supposition/statement/assertion, nevertheless, is absurd. As a matter of fact, the quality of human life is not only measured by material gains but also by spiritual satisfaction. Admittedly, the presence of buildings, highways, banks, or cargo
36、 ships, airplanes, and the GDP increases do contribute to human comforts and convenience. Yet, it cannot be denied that the quality of human life involves broader aspects in addition to material things. It includes, inevitably, the spiritual life, which can never be improved merely by material gains
37、. The spiritual problems, or in other words, problems inherent in human soul, perhaps can only be unlocked by arts. In this sense, governments is certainly responsible for funding the art development for the sake of the peace and tranquility in soul.IELTS WRITING越努力越幸运论据综合实例论据综合实例越努力越幸运 IELTS WRITIN
38、G 1. People are optimistic about 21st century. Many people think it is a good opportunities to find positive change in future. How do you think the optimism? What would you like to change in 21st century?越努力越幸运 IELTS WRITING2) 对整个系统（世界经济）的影响：世界经济通过高效通讯提高效率对整个系统（世界经济）的影响：世界经济通过高效通讯提高效率 Information te
39、chnologies has greatly improved the efficiency of communication and therefore stimulated the world economy. (Examples can be easily found to support this viewpoint. Before the internet has been widely established, a businessman in Beijing had to fly to London to make a bargain with his partners, whi
40、ch would take him more than three days to settle down and begin to negotiate. On the other hand, via internet, he only needs to open Net meeting system now, which allows him to exchange ideas with his partners virtually simultaneously through not only audio but also video information)越努力越幸运 IELTS WR
41、ITING2) 对整个系统（世界经济）的影响：男女平等对整个系统（世界经济）的影响：男女平等 In addition, an information society fathers more profound influence on social structure. In fact, the advent of new technologies has made it possible for women to share equal status with men. In the past, namely the industrial or agricultural ear, physi
42、cal power was the most essential element of productivity, and obviously females were not as strong as males. However, the information era now attaches more importance to intelligence rather than physical power, and there is no evidence indicating that women are not as intelligent as men. As a result
43、, increasingly more females have occupied significant social positions, such as the CEO, the Prime Minister and the President. 越努力越幸运 IELTS WRITING5.反驳：反驳全球化对世界经济带来好处反驳：反驳全球化对世界经济带来好处 Quite a few people are optimistic that the prospect of cultural and economic globalization, which is another charact
44、eristic in the 21st century, might bring more opportunities for the world economy. However, it is more a curse than a blessing for developing countries. Due to the globalization, wealthy countries are much easier to seize cheap natural and labor resources in developing areas and at the same time sel
45、l their productions there. As a result, the gap between the developing and developed world has been enlarge. 越努力越幸运(28)2008.08.09 In some countries government moves industries and businesses from big city to rural area. Discuss advantages and disadvantages of the situation and say what you agree wit
46、h.越努力越幸运 IELTS WRITING 2. Some people think that news media is negative for society, what is your opinion?越努力越幸运 IELTS WRITING The news media is the only way for the public to be informed of a variety of useful knowledge in information society and there is no substitute at the moment. In the past, a
47、nd individual had to deal with very few things within one day and therefore it was possible for him to know what happened around him in person. But nowadays, with the trend of globalization, he could virtually do nothing without the news media. For example, the news stories about the education polic
48、ies abroad and the overseas studying experience have addicted parents and their children to select the suitable universities before they have not got the opportunity to visit the country involved. 越努力越幸运2. For another, at the community level, education institutions, obviously, should shoulder the re
49、sponsbility to cultivate qualified citizens.越努力越幸运 IELTS WRITING:写末段写末段首段引出主题+总论点中间段落分论点1+论证分论点2+论证分论点3+论证末段重申总论点重申总论点+补充说明补充说明越努力越幸运 IELTS WRITING宗旨：重申总论点和最重要的分论点宗旨：重申总论点和最重要的分论点结构：结构： 首词（表示总结的关联词）首词（表示总结的关联词） +重申总论点重申总论点 +补充说明补充说明越努力越幸运 IELTS WRITING1议论类的关联词议论类的关联词 In a nutshell/in sum/all in all/
50、 in conclusion/ It is an inescapable conclusion that When all the factors are examined, we may safely come to the conclusion that From what has been discussed above, we can see that (it is obvious that， personally, I firmly hold that）.越努力越幸运 IELTS WRITING二二. 问题解决类文章的首词或首句（结尾段需要给出建议类型）问题解决类文章的首词或首句（结
