1、Tenses and voices of predicate verbs 时态和语态时态和语态By Zhong Zhuandi Learning Objectives1.To learn to analyze the sentence to find out whether you need the Finite Verb(谓语动词谓语动词) or Non-finite Verb(非谓语动词非谓语动词) 2.To finish the grammar filling by using the sentence analysis methods课前自测诊断 找到失分点才是努力点找到失分点才是努力
2、点：1. angry 2. see 3. university 4. use 5. country 6. sit 7. hear 8. takeThe polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88,there is evidence 61 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in
3、Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide. Modem methods 63 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,and are
4、 expensive consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 66 (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by 67 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settl
5、ements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are than they actually are. Of 69 nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 70 (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 2019年 高考题判断：是填谓语动词还是非谓语动词？判断：是填谓语动词还是非谓语动词？1I like staying up late _() TV，surfi
6、ng the Internet or doing something Im fond of. 2(2017全国卷)When fat and salt_ () from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. 3(2017全国卷)Fast food _() full of fat and salt; by _ () more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.4(2017全国卷)Later, engineers_ (ma
7、nage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known as the Tube.5(2017全国卷)But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants _ () that she has brains as well as beauty.321非谓语动词因其蕴含形式多变、用法繁杂等特征，考非谓语动词因其蕴含形式多变、用法繁杂等特征，考生容易出现理解失误而造成失分生容易出现理解失误而造成失分动词的时态和语态是
8、考查谓语动词时的必考点，考生动词的时态和语态是考查谓语动词时的必考点，考生在答题时如果分析不到位或相关知识欠缺，则容易误在答题时如果分析不到位或相关知识欠缺，则容易误填答案填答案考生因不能判定是填谓语动词还是非谓语动词而失分考生因不能判定是填谓语动词还是非谓语动词而失分失分原因：What does he usually do at 7:00?He usually _ at 7:00.Step 1: Lead in-Review the tensesQuestions & Answers gets up起床What did he do last night?He _ last night.did
9、 his homeworkWhat are they doing now?They _ basketball.are playingWhat were they doing at this time yesterday?They _ football.were playingWhat has she done so far?She _.has sleptWhat had she done before she went to bed?She _ before she went to bed.had brushed her teethbrush her teethWhat will they d
10、o tomorrow morning?They _ to school.will goWhat did she say just now?She said she _ to buy a plane ticket and_to France.would gotravel 1.He usually gets up at 7:00. 2.He did his homework last night. 3.They are playing basketball.4.They were playing football. 5.She has slept.6.She had brushed her tee
11、th before she went bed. 7.They will go to school. 8. She said she would go to buy a plane ticket and travel to France.你能准确说出下列句子的时态吗？你能准确说出下列句子的时态吗？1.She beats the boy . 2. She is beating the boy .3. She beat the boy . 4. She was beating the boy .5.She will beat the boy . She is going to beat the bo
12、y . 6. She has beaten the boy . 7. She said she would beat the boy . she was going to beat the boy .8. she had beaten the boy.（一般现在时）（一般现在时）（现在进行时）（现在进行时）（一般过去时）（一般过去时）（过去进行时）（过去进行时）（一般将来时）（一般将来时）（现在完成时）（现在完成时）（过去将来时）（过去将来时）（过去完成时）（过去完成时）动词时态语态一览表动词时态语态一览表(以以do为例）为例）时态时态主动主动被动被动一般现在时一般现在时现在进行时现在进行时现
13、在完成时现在完成时一般过去时一般过去时过去进行时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时do/doesam/is/are doinghas/have donedidwas/were doinghad donewill dowould do am/is/are+doneam/is/are+being donehas/have +been done was/were+ donewas/were+being donehad +been donewill +be donewould +be donesummaryPassive voiceVoice(语态语态): 表示主语
14、与谓语动词之表示主语与谓语动词之主客关系的动主客关系的动词形式词形式称为语态（称为语态（Voice）。若是主语为动作动词）。若是主语为动作动词的行为主体，那么表达这种关系的动词形式叫做主的行为主体，那么表达这种关系的动词形式叫做主动语态（动语态（Active Voice）。反之，若主语为动作动）。反之，若主语为动作动词的客体，那么表达这种关系的动词形式就叫做被词的客体，那么表达这种关系的动词形式就叫做被动语态（动语态（Passive Voice）。）。E.g.:1.Jim was invited to attend an international conference on computer
15、 networking.2.The pilot was told that his plane had to return to Paris.3.The pilot told the news to the passengers.被动语态被动语态主动语态主动语态英语动词被动语态的构成英语动词被动语态的构成构成：构成：be + 过去分词过去分词 (P.P.)“be”动词包括哪些形式呢？动词包括哪些形式呢？be-being-been am, is wasare were共有共有 8 个个be动词形式动词形式n将主动语态变为被动语态:(将宾语提前变主语将宾语提前变主语）n1.We hold a sp
16、orts meeting every year.1.We hold a sports meeting every year.A sports meeting_by us every year.A sports meeting_by us every year.n2.We held a sports meeting last week.2.We held a sports meeting last week.A sports meeting _ last week.A sports meeting _ last week.n3.They will hold a sports meeting ne
17、xt month.3.They will hold a sports meeting next month.A sports meeting_ by them next month.A sports meeting_ by them next month.n4.They are building a new house now.4.They are building a new house now.A new house_ by them now.A new house_ by them now.n5.I have written two letters so far.(5.I have wr
18、itten two letters so far.(迄今为止）迄今为止） Two letters _ (by me) so far.Two letters _ (by me) so far.is heldwas heldwill be heldis being builthave been written1I like staying up late _() TV，surfing the Internet or doing something Im fond of. 2(2017全国卷)When fat and salt_ () from food, the food tastes as if
19、 it is missing something. 3(2017全国卷)Fast food _() full of fat and salt; by _ () more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.逻辑主语I与watch之间为主动关系，表示伴随状态，故填现在分词watching。 is4(2017全国卷)Later, engineers_ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which
20、 became known as the Tube.5(2017全国卷)But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants _ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.。6.Last Friday a storm _ (sweep) through two villages in the New Territories, destroying fourteen homes.7. If we are satisfied with only a few rules
21、 we_ () so far, we are not really learning the language.，故填swept。8She said she _() a big change in me and wondered why.9.The giant panda _ (love) bypeople throughout the world.10.(2016全国卷)Truly elegant chopsticks might _ ()of gold and silver with Chinese characters.当句中有两个或两个以上的动词时，它们的发生时间有一定的先后关系。我们可以根据这种先后关系来判定时态。谓语动词谓语动词非谓语动词非谓语动词to do:主动和将来主动和将来时态时态动词词性转换动词词性转换名词名词主谓一致主谓一致语气语气形容词形容词副词副词done:被动和完成被动和完成doing:主动和进行主动和进行语态语态动动 词词summaryHomeworkHomework
