1、Unit 5 First AidGrammar动词-ing的用法阅读下面课文原句,分析黑体部分的用法1.As you can imagine,getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.2.The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid.3.It is best to place burns under cool running water,especially within the first ten minutes.4.Remo
2、ve any clothes using scissors if necessary,unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.5.You can protect the burnt area by covering it with a loose clean cloth.作主语作表语作定语作状语作宾语一、动词-ing形式的时态和语态,以write为例主动形式被动形式一般时writingbeing written完成时having writtenhaving been writtenWorking in Japan,he pick
3、ed up Japanese.在日本工作时,他学会了日语。He admitted having cheated in the exam.他承认考试作弊了。He came to the party without being invited.没有被邀请他就来参加聚会了。He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was 5 years old.他忘了五岁时曾被带着去过广州。二、动词-ing形式的句法功能1.-ing作主语Winning the ticket,Rose,was the best thing that ever happened
4、to me.罗斯,获得那张票是我最开心的事。Taking exercise regularly is beneficial to our health.有规律地锻炼有益于我们的身体健康。Being exposed in the sun for a long time did great harm to her skin.在阳光下暴露太久严重伤害了她的皮肤。Toms taking responsibility shows his maturity.汤姆敢于承担责任表现了他的成熟。【点拨迷津】当动词-ing形式作主语时,常用it作形式主语的句型:Its no good/ no use/a wast
5、e of time.doingAs is known to us,its no use complaining without taking action.众所周知,只抱怨不采取行动没用。完成句子。(1)_.This is the third time that he has made the same mistake. 批评他也没用。这已经是他第三次犯同样的错误。(2)_ is acceptable. 把不重要的事情留到明天是可以接受的。(3)_ is a good habit. 早睡早起是一个好习惯。Its no use criticizing himLeaving unimportant
6、 things till tomorrowGoing to bed early and getting up early2.-ing作表语In the ant city,the queens job is laying eggs.在蚂蚁王国,蚁后的职责就是产卵。Studying abroad is both challenging and rewarding.出国学习既有挑战性又有回报。The news was exciting and we were excited the whole night.这则消息令人激动,我们激动了整整一晚上。【内化用】语法填空。(1)His concern fo
7、r his mother is most _ (touch). (2)Seeing is _(believe).(3)Her words are _(encourage).touchingbelievingencouraging【点拨】-ing作表语时,要么表示主语的具体内容(身份、性质或情况);要么表示主语所具有的特征,通常是分词形容词,如:moving,surprising,interesting 等。3.-ing作定语There is a swimming pool in the backyard.在后院有一个游泳池。Its a fascinating city.这是一个迷人的城市。Th
8、ere is nothing interesting on TV today.今天电视上没什么有意思的事。The only person standing in your way is you.唯一阻碍你成功的人就是你自己。 Starting from Monday,all passengers arriving in Beijing from overseas will be put on 14-day quarantine (检疫,隔离).周一开始,所有从海外回到北京的乘客都要被隔离14天。【点拨】(1)-ing与所修饰的名词之间的关系,逻辑主谓:名词发出-ing所表达的动作;(2)-in
9、g作定语的位置: 单个-ing 放在所修饰的名词前,若为-ing词组/短语放在名词后;(3)-ing作定语表示实物的性质或用途;表主动表进行;(4)动词-ing形式作定语相当于定语从句。如:The people sleeping on the ground are doctors.=The people who are sleeping on the ground are doctors.睡在地上的那些人是医生。用恰当的动词-ing形式短语表达定语从句部分。(1)The people who are being asked to take early retirement are all ov
10、er the age of 60.The people _are all over the age of 60. (2)According to the mayor,over five million people who lived or worked in the city left the city before the announcement of the virus outbreak.According to the mayor,over five million people _left the city before the announcement of the virus
11、outbreak. being asked to take early retirementliving or working in the city(3)The voices which demand quarantine of all inbound(入境的) travelers have grown louder. The voices _have grown louder. (4)The man who died in the crash came from another country.The man _came from another country. demanding qu
12、arantine of all inbound travelersdying in the crash4.-ing作宾语(1)只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词和短语:suggest,postpone,imagine,mind,admit,practice,allow,advise,risk,keep,keep on,avoid,escape,enjoy,consider,excuse,finish,miss,insist on,look forward to,feel like,get down to,object to,have trouble /difficulty (in) doing
13、等。I avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended.我回避提及这个话题,以免冒犯他。We have to take some measures to prevent the air from being polluted.我们必须采取措施阻止空气污染。 Do you mind my/me sitting beside you?你介意我坐在你旁边吗?【点拨】-ing形式作宾语时可以有自己的逻辑主语,-ing和逻辑主语一起构成复合结构,逻辑主语的形式可以是形容词性物主代词,也可以是名词所有格,还可以是代词的宾格(但作主语
14、时只能是形容词性物主代词和名词所有格)试比较:My mother insisted on cooking meat tonight.母亲坚持今天晚上做肉。 My mother insisted on my/me cooking meat tonight.母亲坚持今天晚上让我做肉。复合宾语结构可以转换成从句的形式Do you mind my/me calling you Lao Wang?=Do you mind if I call you Lao Wang?你介意我喊你老王吗?(2)既可用动词-ing形式又可跟不定式的动词和短语:remember,forget,regret,stop,go o
15、n,need,start,begin,try等。Remember to turn off the lights before you go to bed.记得睡觉之前把灯关了。I still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.我仍记得别人带我去过法门寺,并记得在那里我所看到的一切。The doctors tried their best to save the patients.医生尽他们的最大努力来拯救病人。(3)want/ need / require 后面跟-ing通常用主动表被动。 Everyon
16、e needs encouraging.=Everyone needs to be encouraged.人人需要鼓励。My computer has broken down so it requires mending / to be mended.我的电脑坏了,所以需要修一修。(4)be worth doing值得做某事The film is well worth seeing a second time.这部电影很值得再看一次。Land is the only thing in the world worth working for, worth fighting for,worth d
17、ying for. Because it is the only thing that lasts.Gone with the Wind土地是世界上唯一值得为之工作的、为之战斗的和为之牺牲的。因为它是唯一永恒的东西。飘语法填空。(1)Please remember _(bring) me the book I want next time. (2)My grandfather always forgets _(take) the keys but he always says that he remembers _ (take)them. (3)Her little son needs _ (
18、take)care of. (4)I didnt mean _ (eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldnt help _ (try) it. (5)Can you imagine the difficulty I had _(solve)the problem?to bringto taketakingtakingto eattryingsolving5.-ing作状语动词的-ing形式作状语时,与谓语表示的动作(或状态)是同时或几乎同时发生的,有时先于谓语动词的动作发生。表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让
19、步、方式或伴随状况,相当于对应的状语从句或并列句。Seeing the grand gate of the Summer Palace,Mike felt quite amazed.(时间)=When Mike saw the grand gate of the Summer Palace,he felt quite amazed.当迈克看到颐和园的大门时,他感到非常吃惊。Having finished his speech,he answered our questions.(时间)=After he had finished his speech,he answered our quest
20、ions.结束演讲后,他回答了我们的问题。 Being still weak,she couldnt stay up for long.(原因)=As she was still weak,she couldnt stay up for long.因为非常虚弱, 她不能长时间熬夜。I left a message on the board,expressing my best wishes to my hometown.(伴随)=I left a message on the board and expressed my best wishes to my hometown.我在留言板上留下信
21、息,表达了对家乡的良好祝愿。The boy fell off his bike,breaking his left arm.(结果)=The boy fell off his bike so that he broke his left arm.男孩从他的自行车上摔了下来,弄折了他的左胳膊。He walked into the classroom,carrying a lot of books.(伴随)=He walked into the classroom and carried a lot of books.他走进教室,拿着很多书。【点拨】(1)-ing形式作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与主句
22、中的主语一致且为主动关系。如果是和谓语动词的动作同时或紧随其后发生则用doing, 如果和谓语动词之间有明显的先后关系则用having done。 Seeing the main characters come on stage,I was surprised.看到舞台上的主角,我非常吃惊。Having worked there for 30 years,he moved to London with his wife.在那里工作了30年,然后他和他的妻子搬到了伦敦。(2)-ing形式作状语时,可以在主句之前,也可以在主句之后。一般来说,表示时间、原因、条件时位于主句之前,表示结果、方式、伴随
23、时位于主句之后。The fire lasted a whole night,causing great damage.大火持续了一整夜,造成了很大破坏。Looking out of the window,I saw some children playing football.从窗户向外看,我看见孩子们在踢足球。 The students walked out of the classroom,talking and laughing.学生们有说有笑地走出教室。(3)-ing形式的否定形式在前面加not。 Not realizing that he was in great danger,he
24、 walked deeper into the forest.没有意识到处于很大的危险之中,他向森林更深处走去。(4)-ing形式作状语时,有时为了强调前面可以加上连词或介词。 She first came across this phenomenon while researching North American children living in India.在对住在印度的北美学生进行研究时,她首次碰到了这种现象。He resigned from the company before going abroad.出国前,他从公司辞职。Upon hearing the news,he co
25、uldnt help crying.= As soon as he heard the news,he couldnt help crying.一听到这个消息,他就情不自禁地哭了。(5)作评论性状语,有些惯用的动词-ing形式短语在句中可以独立存在,它们用来修饰全句,表明说话者的态度、观点等。常见的有 generally speaking一般来说,strictly speaking严格说来,roughly speaking大致说来,narrowly speaking狭义上说,judging from/ by由判断。 Judging from her accent,she must come f
26、rom Australia.从口音来判断,她一定来自澳大利亚。语法填空。(1)_ (work) for two days,Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. (2)Like ancient sailors,birds can find their way _(use) the sun and the stars. (3)_(look) at my classmates faces,I read the same excitement in their eyes. 语段填空。(4)_,women often live longer th
27、an men. 一般来说,女性比男性更长寿。Having workedusingLooking Generally speaking6.-ing作补语动词-ing形式作补足语分两种情况: (1)形容词性质的动词-ing形式作补足语:I find the book very interesting.我发现这本书非常有趣。(宾语补足语) The boy is found very annoying.发现这个男孩很令人讨厌。(主语补足语) (2)动词性质的动词-ing形式作补足语:感官动词(词组)和使役动词(词组),如see,watch,hear,feel,notice,observe,look a
28、t,listen to,let,have,make,keep,get等后可以跟表示动作性质的动词-ing形式作补足语,表示“正在或持续做某事”。 I see him passing by a bank.我看见他正经过一家银行。(宾语补足语) He was seen working in the garden. 有人看见他正在花园里干活。(主语补足语)完成句子。(1)He _for many hours. 他让我等了好几个小时。(2)Mother _in the washing room. 母亲抓住男孩在卫生间吸烟。(3)It was so cold that the travelers _al
29、l the night. 天气那么冷,旅行者让火整夜燃烧着。kept me waitingcaught the boy smokinghad the fire burning总结-ing的用法非常广泛,它可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语等成分。其中作定语和状语考查最多。-ing形式往往表主动, 表进行。在作状语时,当与谓语动词有明显先后关系时常用having done形式 ,-ing形式通常可以转换成相对应的定语从句,状语从句等。跟踪练习.用所给词的适当形式填空1.The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park wi
30、th their pet dog _ (follow) them.2.Doing something new can help you get _(inspire) and perhaps even think about new job possibilities.3._ (experience) countless failures,the auto company succeeded in developing a type of new energy vehicle. followinginspiredHaving experienced4.Every morning I get up
31、 at 6:00 because I have two dogs _ (wait) at the door for me to take them out for the routine walk. 5.Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean _(accept)the action of the person who upsets you.6.You can spend a lot of time _(take)pictures in front of the great hotels.7.The report was s
32、o _ (inspire) that they were all _ (excite).8._ (judge)from what he said just now,he must be very satisfied with your performance. waitingacceptingtakinginspiringexcitedJudging.用动词-ing形式改写画线部分1.If weather permits,we are going to visit you tomorrow. =_we are going to visit you tomorrow. 2.We are asto
33、nished at the world which is changing greatly. =We are astonished at the world _. Weather permittingchanging greatly3.As I know a lot of people need my help,I became an educator. =_ a lot of people need my help,I became an educator.4.It rained heavily in the south and caused serious flooding in several provinces. =It rained heavily in the south,_ serious flooding in several provinces.5.The problem which is being discussed is very important. =The problem _is very important. Knowingcausingbeing discussed
