1、Unit 2Iconic AttractionsLearning About Language语法精讲素养提升过去分词观察上面句子, 并说出画线部分的作用1. fallen 过去分词, 作前置定语2. made by nature过去分词短语, 作后置定语。过去分词是非谓语动词形式之一。过去分词保留着动词的部分特性, 有完成或被动含义, 可带状语构成过去分词短语。在句法功能上, 过去分词(短语)与形容词或副词作用类似, 在句子中可充当定语、状语、宾语补足语、表语等成分。一、过去分词作定语及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成; 不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动, 只表示完成。(1)表示
2、被动和完成a polluted river一条被污染的河流the watered flowers浇过水的花(2)只表示完成, 不表示被动fallen leaves落叶the risen sun升起的太阳【名师点津】过去分词作定语单个的过去分词作定语时, 通常放在所修饰词的前面; 过去分词短语作定语时, 通常放在后面, 其作用相当于一个定语从句。*A watched pot never boils. 谚语心急锅不开。*The student dressed in white is my daughter. =The student who is dressed in white is my da
3、ughter. 穿白色衣服的那个学生是我女儿。【即学活用】语法填空(1)Some of the people invited (invite) to the party cant come. (2)The trees blown (blow) down in the storm have been moved off the road. (3)The police will come soon to take away the damaged (damage) car. 二、过去分词作表语位于系动词(如be, get, become, look, feel, seem等)之后, 多表示主语的状
4、态或状况, 它所体现的是形容词的特性。*She looks disappointed. 她看上去很失望。*We were encouraged at the news. 听到这个消息我们很受鼓舞。【名师点津】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别过去分词作表语时, 强调主语所处的状态, 而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者, 强调动作。*The cup is broken. 杯子破了。(系表结构)*The cup was broken by Tom. 杯子是被汤姆打破的。(被动语态)【即学活用】语法填空(1)I was too tired (tire) to walk any further. (2
5、)When he heard the moving (move) story, he was deeply moved (move). (3)Tom was more surprised (surprise) than disappointed (disappoint) at this news. (4)Both he and I are satisfied (satisfy) with the result. 三、过去分词作宾语补足语过去分词作宾语补足语与宾语有着动宾关系, 宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者。*He watched the TV set carried out of the
6、 room. 他看着电视机被搬出了房间。*Last year they had the house rebuilt. 去年他们让人重建了房子。几类能够接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词(短语)1. 表示感觉或心理状态的动词(短语), 如see, watch, observe, find, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等。*I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱这首歌。2. 表示“致、使”意义的动词, 如have, make, get, keep, leave等。*They managed t
7、o make themselves understood by using very simple English. 他们用了很简单的英语以使别人能听懂。*Dont leave those things undone. 要把那些事情做完。【名师点津】“have+宾语+过去分词”的三种含义(1)表示“让某人做某事”*Ill have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要去理发。(2)表示“遭遇某种不幸; 受到打击”*He had his wallet stolen. 他的钱包被偷了。(3)做某事(主语可能参与其中)*I had my house repaired last wee
8、k. 上周, 我修补了房子。3. 表示“希望、要求”等意义的动词, 如like, want, wish, order等。*The teacher doesnt wish such questions (to be) discussed in class. 老师不希望在课堂上讨论这样的问题。*The police, finding the film unhealthy, ordered it banned. 警察发现这部电影不健康, 令其禁演。【即学活用】语法填空(1)Youd better have your shoes mended (mend). (2)The father wants h
9、is daughter taught(teach) the piano. (3)I saw an old man knocked(knock) down by a car. (4)Id like the job done (do) when I come back from the journey. 四、过去分词(短语)作状语表示被动或完成的动作, 可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。1. 作时间状语过去分词作时间状语时, 相当于一个when, while, after, once等引导的时间状语从句。*Once published(=Once it is published),
10、 the dictionary will be very popular. 一旦出版, 这本词典将大受欢迎。2. 作原因状语过去分词作原因状语时, 相当于一个as, since, because等引导的原因状语从句。*Absorbed in painting(=Because John was absorbed in painting), John didnt notice evening approaching. 由于专心画画, 约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。3. 作条件状语过去分词作条件状语时, 相当于一个if, unless等引导的条件状语从句。*Given another hour(=I
11、f I am given another hour), I can also work out this problem. 如果再给我一个小时, 我也能把这道题算出来。4. 作让步状语过去分词作让步状语时, 相当于一个though, although, even if/though等引导的让步状语从句。*Beaten by the opposite team(=Though we were beaten by the opposite team), we didnt lose heart and encouraged each other. 虽然被对方的队打败了, 但我们并没有灰心而是相互鼓励
12、。5. 作方式或伴随状语过去分词作方式或伴随状语时, 可以转换成一个并列句。*The old man got on the bus, supported by a girl(=and he was supported by a girl). 在一位姑娘的搀扶下, 老人上了公共汽车。【名师点津】过去分词作状语的注意事项(1)过去分词作状语时, 其前面可以带有相应的连词, 如when, though, although, as if, as though, if, unless, until, once等, 表时间、让步、条件、方式等。*If (I am) invited, I will atte
13、nd the wedding of my friend. 如果受到邀请, 我会参加我朋友的婚礼。(2)过去分词(短语)作状语时, 分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语要一致。*Caught, the thief will be punished by the police. (caught的逻辑主语为the thief)小偷如果被抓, 就会受到警方的处罚。(3)有些过去分词已形容词化, 作状语时表示人的状态。常见的有satisfied, surprised, interested, moved, worried, pleased, disappointed等。*Disappointed at the e
14、xamination results, the girl stood there without saying a word. 因为对考试结果很失望, 小女孩站在那里一句话也没说。【即学活用】语法填空(1)Left (leave) to himself, the baby began to cry. (2)She accepted the gift, deeply moved (move). (3)We went to the cinema, filled (fill) with excitement. (4)Once poured (pour), water cannot be taken
15、back. 课时检测素养达标. 单句语法填空1. The bridge was damaged in the flood, resulting(result) in the train falling into the river. 2. Guided(guide) by an artist, the girl made much progress. 3. Blamed(blame) for her faults, the little girl was in low spirits. 4. The salesgirl at last handled the difficult custome
16、r and gave a satisfied(satisfy) smile. 5. Dont drink polluted(pollute) water because it can cause diseases. 6. Tom was going through the crowd when he heard his name called(call). 7. When I came in, I found a strange girl seated(seat) in the corner. 8. Though defeated(defeat) many times, the man did
17、nt lose heart. 9. Raised(raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to become a football star. 10. No matter how frequently performed(perform), the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world. . 用过去分词完成下面的句子1. They became so worried that they stayed awake all nigh
18、t. 他们变得如此担心, 以至于一整晚都没有睡觉。2. For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit grown on his own farm. 早餐他只喝自家农场出产的新鲜水果汁。3. The young man, tired of working for others, is determined to start his own firm. 这个年轻人厌倦了为别人工作, 决心创办自己的公司。4. Children, when accompanied by their parents, are allowed to enter t
19、he stadium. 孩子们在父母的陪同下可以进入体育场。5. Clearly and thoughtfully written, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers. 这本书写得清晰且深思熟虑, 激发了那些希望寻求自己的答案的学生的信心。6. Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left. 克莱尔在飞机起飞前一小时让人检查了行李。7. When he got to school, he saw the
20、 door locked. 当他到学校时, 他看见门锁着。8. Youd better have/get the dangerous building pulled down. 你最好叫人把这座危楼推倒。9. The concert given by their friends was a success. 他们的朋友举行的音乐会大为成功。10. I quickly lowered myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he didnt feel challenged. 我迅速弯下身, 低下头, 避
21、免直视他的眼睛, 这样他就不会感觉受到了挑战。根据提示使用本单元所学的语法知识翻译下面语段这位年轻的女画家雄心勃勃, 她想把她的画陈列(display)在画廊里, 但她不知道这些画是否会很受欢迎。在父母的鼓励(encourage)下, 她按计划(plan)展出了她的作品。这些画得(paint)很漂亮的作品一经展出, 人们就赞不绝口。她和她的父母都对这个结果感到满意(satisfy)。The young woman painter was ambitious and she wanted her paintings displayed in the gallery, but she wonder
22、ed whether they would be very popular. Encouraged by her parents, she had them shown as planned. Once the beautifully painted works were on show, the people praised them a lot. Both she and her parents were satisfied with the result. 课时素养评价五Unit 2Learning About Language. 单句语法填空1. A heavy sandstorm i
23、s going to envelop our city. It is unwise to have your car washed (wash). 2. There is nothing changed(change) here since I left this town. 3. Ordered(order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive now. 4. When asked(ask) for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very in
24、teresting and rewarding. 5. In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message hidden(hide) within the work. 6. The audience seated(seat) before TV set are listening to his stories with their eyes fixed on him. 7. Absorbed (absorb) in the research work, he had no time to make any trip
25、. 8. The young man became much tired(tire) of the work and wanted to quit it. 9. The children will get confused (confuse) if they are asked to learn too much at a time. 10. There was a puzzled(puzzle) expression on the girls face. . 完成句子1. It is said that listening to music makes a person feel relax
26、ed when he is tired. 据说, 当一个人疲劳时, 听音乐能够让他感到放松。2. The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。3. Besides the tips already mentioned in the article, she advises people not to put things in piles. 除了文章中已经提到的建议外, 她还建议人们不要把东西堆放在一起。4. Jim has retired, but he stil
27、l remember the happy time spent with his students. Jim已经退休了, 但是他依然记得和学生一起度过的快乐时光。5. The new apartment built a few months ago is large enough to accommodate 200 people. 几个月前建造的那个新公寓足够大, 能容纳二百人。6. I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs taken. 我需要一个新护照, 所以我将不得不拍照片。7. English is a l
28、anguage shared by several diverse cultures. 英语是一种被几种不同的文化所共享的语言。8. Ordinary soap, used correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively. 如果正确使用的话, 普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。9. Earth Day, marked on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. 地球日于4月22日举行, 是一项旨在提高公众环
29、保意识的年度活动。10. It is obvious that the flowers that her friends gave her as a gift will die unless watered. 很明显, 除非浇水, 否则她朋友送给她作为礼物的花就会死。. 阅读理解Kangaroos have long been a nuisance to many Australian farmers. Keeping these kinds of animals away from their crops and water supplies has become a continuous
30、fight. A traditional way has been a series of the huge screaming(尖叫) from loudspeakers. Researchers have found that kangaroos often become used to these man-made sounds and take little notice of them. Australian farmers could be about to get an unusual new weapon(武器)to protect their crops from kanga
31、roos. Researchers in Melbourne have found that kangaroos can be frightened away by the loud sound of their own large feet. It appears to be quite a breakthrough. This is the noise these animals make when they feel danger before running away quickly. Using the animals own alarm system could be what a
32、ngry farmers have been looking for. Animal rights protectors are happy about this new finding. When people complain that the number of kangaroos has risen quickly, they say that a large number of kangaroos have been killed or injured on Australian roads by cars and trucks. Also, they dont want sever
33、al million to be shot dead every year by human beings. Researchers, who are hoping to develop their footstep sound technology, believe it could also be used to lead kangaroos away from busy highways. The protectors are in favor of this solution which can prevent kangaroos from being harmed and also
34、please the farmers. 【文章大意】本文是说明文。在澳大利亚由于袋鼠数量增长较快, 它们经常破坏农民的庄稼。研究者们发明了一种预防和保护的方法, 用袋鼠的脚步声驱逐袋鼠。这样既能保护袋鼠不被农民杀害又能解决袋鼠破坏庄稼的问题。1. What problem do kangaroos bring to Australian farmers? A. Breaking into houses. B. Making noises. C. Frightening farmers. D. Destroying crops. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段Keeping these k
35、inds of animals away from their crops and water supplies has become a continuous fight. 以及第二段to protect their crops from kangaroos. 等内容可知, 在澳大利亚, 袋鼠经常破坏农民的庄稼, 故选D。2. What is the new way to drive away kangaroos? A. Cutting off water supplies. B. Killing them with guns. C. Using the sound of their own
36、 footstep. D. Sending man-made sound through loudspeakers. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段可知研究者发现袋鼠会被自己的脚步声吓跑, 因此用这种声音驱逐袋鼠很有效。故选C。3. Why do animal rights protectors agree with this new solution? A. Because it costs less. B. Because they prefer new technology. C. Because its a prevention-and-protection way. D. Be
37、cause it can help reduce the traffic accidents. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据文章最后可知用袋鼠的脚步声驱逐袋鼠既能保护袋鼠不被农民杀害又能解决袋鼠破坏庄稼的问题, 让农民们高兴。这是一种预防和保护的方法, 故选C。. 完形填空A couple of months ago, I was texting a friend in Australia during their widespread bushfires, begging her to come back to New York. “Its just not 1 ” I said. “Yo
38、u cant even breathe! ”She simply replied, “No. I need to bear witness (见证), ” 2 the way her government poorly handled the problem, ignoring scientists 3 about global warming. Her need to “see” was 4 in her deep love for her people and country. Now here I am, 5 my own city on “fire”. A fire that shou
39、ld have taken no one by surprise. This isnt just about Breonna Taylor, Ahmaud Arbery, George Floyd or any black citizen. This is about a 6 that exists within this country that makes our lives seemingly less valuable to the people in power who 7 most times, to be white. In all this good trouble, we c
40、ant keep looking away. We cant keep8. If we dont bear witness to these moments of unfairness, they have the chance to 9 themselves. If were afraid and confused, thats 10 , because we are only human. But on the other side of fear is 11. On the other side of 12 is knowledge and power. Maybe we are uns
41、ure what to do or really what we can do in this moment 13 there are so many confusing suggestions. But the only thing we 14 have to do is keep being our unique selves. Im Black. My father, mother, brother, and everyone in between are Black. I15 being Black. Friends and family from all over have aske
42、d me to leave. And I say no. I, too, need to bear witness. 【文章大意】本文是议论文。作者通过讲述澳大利亚大火时, 朋友不愿意离开去外国, 要见证政府的失职, 谈到自己也处于相同的境地, 对于政府的不公平对待, 我们应该有所作为, 真正做些什么, 特别是要保持独特的自我。1. A. harmfulB. importantC. safeD. beautiful【解析】选C。根据下文“You cant even breathe! ”可知, 那里不安全。故选C。2. A. referring toB. cheering upC. defend
43、ing againstD. carrying on【解析】选A。根据空后的the way her government poorly handled the problem可推断, 朋友提到了政府处理问题的方式很差。故选A。3. A. limitsB. warningsC. mannersD. wishes【解析】选B。科学家就全球变暖给出警告。故选B。4. A. absorbedB. filledC. rootedD. buried【解析】选C。根据 her deep love for her people and country. 可知, 朋友想要见证事实, 是因为她对于国家和人民的爱。b
44、e rooted in“根植于”, 符合语境。故选C。5. A. settingB. puttingC. makingD. watching【解析】选D。根据上文“Now here I am” 可知, 我现在和朋友的处境一样, 也是看着自己的城市在“火”上。故选D。6. A. supportB. statementC. scheduleD. system【解析】选D。根据下文that exists within this country that makes our lives seemingly less valuable to the people in power可知, 这是一种国家体系
45、。故选D。7. A. happenB. promiseC. manageD. intend【解析】选A。根据下文most times, to be white可知, 大多数时候碰巧是白人的当权者。故选A。8. A. aliveB. balancedC. silentD. bored【解析】选C。根据上文we cant keep looking away. 可知, 我们不能视而不见, 不能保持沉默。故选C。9. A. hurtB. repeatC. beatD. win【解析】选B。根据条件状语从句推断, 如果我们不举证这些不公平时刻, 他们就有机会再次复制, “重复自己”表示再次做出这样的事情
46、。故选B。10. A. unbelievableB. enjoyableC. reliableD. understandable【解析】选D。根据下文because we are only human可知, 因为我们只是人, 因此我们害怕和困惑是可理解的。故选D。11. A. interestB. braveryC. luckD. sadness【解析】选B。根据常识可知, 恐惧与勇敢相对。故选B。12. A. confusionB. foolC. lossD. news【解析】选A。上文提到了fear, 与afraid同义, 因此推断此处阐述confusion“困惑”。故选A。13. A.
47、whenB. whereC. whatD. that【解析】选A。在这个有这么多令人困惑的建议的时刻, 也许我们不确定该做什么或我们能做什么, 空格处引导定语从句, 先行词是this moment, 从句中作时间状语, 引导定语从句用关系副词when。故选A。14. A. nearlyB. gentlyC. hardlyD. truly【解析】选D。根据下文keep being our unique selves可推断, 这是我们真正必须做的事情。故选D。15. A. regretB. avoidC. loveD. try【解析】选C。根据下文Friends and family from all
