1、选择性必修四Words and expressionsUnit 1 Looking forwardsWe must take action to protect our environment. 1.take action采取行动take action to do=take steps to do =take measures to do=do something to do We have to take action to stop them.我们得采取行动来制止他们。We must take measures to control the situation.我们必须采取措施控制局势.t
2、ake effect take effect 生效生效; ;起作用起作用take risks/a risk take risks/a risk 冒险冒险The government has taken measures to keep order.政府已采取措施来维持秩序。They took a risk in driving on,in spite of the storm.尽管有暴风雨,他们还是冒险驾车赶路。 into take over my careerdownupon2.boyhoodn.(男性的男性的)童年时期，少年时代童年时期，少年时代boy n男孩hood表名词，时期，性质等c
3、hildhood n童年manhood n成年neighborhood 地区She had a happy childhood 她曾有过一个幸福的童年。He was from an iffy neighborhood. 他来自一个不怎么好的社区。He was very naughty in his boyhood.他少年时非常淘气。 adj.有野心的；有雄心的有野心的；有雄心的3.ambition n.追求，理想追求，理想ambitiousHe is an_(ambition)young man full of confidence. ambitious5.Britain has suffer
4、ed from a poverty of ambition.英国一直缺乏远大理想。4.You should persist in your ambition. 你应该坚持你的雄心大志。3.Mr. Lin is an ambitious businessman. 林先生是个有雄心的生意人。2.The ambitious boy learned very quickly.那位有抱负的少年学得很快。1.Only ambitious students get the best marks.有抱负的学生才能取得最好的成绩。achieve/realize/fulfill ones ambition实现某人
5、的理想4.trainee n. 接受工作培训的人;实习生train v.训练;培训; 接受训练n.火车training n.训练;培训trainer n.教员，教练员;驯兽师;运动鞋;e,g. a management trainee 管理实习生 a trainee teacher 实习教师 teacher trainers 培训师资的教员 a racehorse trainer 赛马驯马师【拓展】ee是后缀，和-er相反，表示“动作的承受者”e.g. employee 受雇者，员工 employer 雇主 employ v 雇佣 examinee 应试者 examiner 考官主 exami
6、ne v测试；检查 nominee被提名者 nominator 提名者，任命者 nominate v 提名，推荐 payee收款人 payer付款人，支付者 pay v支付 trustee受托人；董事 truster 信托人 trust v 信赖；委托5. correspondent n. n. 通讯员，记者通讯员，记者correspond vi.符合，一致；相应；通信符合，一致；相应；通信correspond to相当于相当于correspond with与与通信；与通信；与相一致相一致correspondence n.通信；一致；相当通信；一致；相当in correspondence wi
7、th和和一致；与一致；与有通信联系有通信联系(1)Mum became the correspondent in our town，and sometimes she would write letters all day long.妈妈变成了我们城镇的通讯员，有时她一整天都在写回信。妈妈变成了我们城镇的通讯员，有时她一整天都在写回信。(2)Your account of events corresponds hers.你说的情况跟她说的相符。你说的情况跟她说的相符。(3)The working of this machine corresponds that of the human bra
8、in.这种机器的作用就相当于人脑的作用。这种机器的作用就相当于人脑的作用。(4)I have been her for years.多年来我一直同她有通信联系。多年来我一直同她有通信联系。withtoin correspondence with6.bullfighting n 斗牛bullfight n 斗牛表演bullfighter n 斗牛士7.historical adj.(有关)历史的_ n历史_ adj.历史性的，具有历史意义的historyhistoricPeople wore historical costumes for the parade.人们穿著古装参加游行。histor
9、ical development历史发展historical data史料;历史资料historical records历史记录;历史记载;旧案historical sites名胜古迹;历史遗迹a historic novel一部有历史意义的小说；a historic event值得纪念的历史事件；a historical novel一部历史小说；the historical event历史上确有其事的事件.8.detective n.私家侦探detect v. 发现;查明;侦察出detectable adj.可发觉的，可看穿的detection n. 侦查;探测;察觉;发现9. ultima
10、tely adv. 最后，最终 10.dot n点，小圆点_ adj.有斑点的；星罗棋布的dotted11.backwards adv. 往回，往前面He looked backwards over his shoulder. 他回头向后看.forwards adv. 1. 向前 2. 往后,今后 3. 提前地 People should forget and look forwards.人们应该忘记过去展望未来。backwards and forwards adv.来回地; Paul paced anxiously backwards and forwards. 保罗焦急地来回踱步。12.
11、admission n.允许进入(加入) admit v.承认；准.进入 ;准.加入(俱乐部、组织);接收(如学)He gained admission into this university.他获准进入这所大学。He made a terrible mistake, but he refused to admit it.他犯了一个严重的错误,可是他拒不承认。I shall never forget the day when I was admitted into the party.我永远忘不了我被接受入党的那一天。I admit breaking the window.我承认打破了窗玻璃
12、。13.make up ones mind 做出决定，拿定主意=be determined to do sth =make a decision =decide to doI cant make up my mind what the right thing to do is.我拿不定主意该怎么办。No matter what you think, I had made up my mind to do it.不管你怎么想，我已下决心做这事了。Ive made up my mind to go to college after I finish middle school.我决定中学毕业后去上
13、大学。They made up their minds to live a modern life.他们下定决心要过现代生活。【词汇拓展】bear/keep.in mind 记住bring.to mind 使想起change ones mind 改变主意have.in mind 考虑;想要He promised to keep my wishes in mind.他承诺要记住我的愿望。You should also keep the major job objective in mind.你还应该记住主要的工作目标。14.pass up放过，放弃，错过(机会)I think it would
14、be a great pity to pass up the opportunity to be admitted without taking the exam.我认为如果不参加考试就放弃被录取的机会,那将非常遗憾。Imagine passing up an offer like that!真想不到居然放弃人家提供的大好机会！Young people should never pass up the opportunity to go to university.年轻人永远不应该放弃大学的机会。How can you pass up the chance to meet your favou
15、rite author at the book signing?你怎么可以错过在签售会上和你最喜欢的作家见面的机会?【词汇拓展】pass on传递;把交给pass by路过pass away去世pass sb/sth off as sb/sth冒充某人/某物Please pass on a message for me;ask him to come here tomorrow.帮我传个话给他,让他明天来一趟。Her grandfather passed away last week,peacefully in his sleep.她的祖父上周去世了,在睡梦中安详地走了。The man pas
16、sed himself off as a policeman.那个人冒充警察。15.have second thoughts(对原先的决定)犹豫，产生怀疑We had second thoughts about buying the house when we discovered the price.我们知道了房价以後，对买这所房子一事又另有想法了。16.put off 推迟.延期1. Can you put off making a decision until youve spoken to your high school advisor? 你能不能和你的高中导师谈过之后再做决定?2.
17、 Dont put off todays work for tomorrow.当天事当天毕.3. The sports meeting has been put off because of the bad weather. 由于天气不好,运动会被推迟了。4. So many students being absent,the meeting had to be put off.由于太多学生缺席,会议不得不延期。5. Dont put off the party on my account.别因为我把聚会的时间推迟了.【温馨提示】put off后接动词时要用-ing形式。6 . They ma
18、de up their minds to put off holding the party.他们决定推迟举行派对。【词汇拓展】put away储存以备用;将某物收起或放入箱子、抽屉等中put down放下;写下;镇压put forward提出(建议,意见)put up with忍受,忍耐put up举起;架起;张贴Put your toys away in the box when youve finished playing.你玩完玩具以后把它们放进箱子里。There are many inconveniences that you have to put up with when you
19、 are camping.你在露营时必须克服许多不便。17.reject.out of hand 坚决拒绝.彻底否决You must reject it out of hand in defence of traditional academic values. 为了捍卫传统学术价值，你必须立刻回绝。18.weigh up权衡:仔细考虑After wed weighed up all the pros and cons, we decided it would be better to sell.我们衡量了事情的利弊后决定脱手出售是最好的办法。Then we can weigh up the
20、options and try to come to a decision.然后,我们可以权衡选择,并尽力做出决定。You have to weigh up in your mind whether to pursue it.你必须在心中权衡一下是否要追求它。You should weigh up the situation before taking the next step.在进行下一步之前,你应该估量一下形势。weight n.重量weighty adj.沉重的;重要的19.participation n.参加，参与participate vi.参加;参与 participate in
21、参加participant n.参与者;参加者Everyone in the class is expected to _ in the discussion.希望全班同学参加讨论。We win the game because of his _.由于他的参与，我们赢了比赛。She is an active _ in this activity.她积极参与这项活动。plex adj.复杂的 complexity kmpleksti n.复杂性;难懂It was a complex problem.这是一个复杂的问题。This enhances the complex flavors and b
22、ouquet of the wine.这加强了酒的合成的味道。I often reflect on the beauty and complexity of life.我们经常思考人生的美丽与复杂。21.diverge v （两条路）岔开，分开Our views diverged so greatly that it was impossible to agree.我们的观点存在着严重的分歧，绝无调和余地。The stream diverges here.小溪在这儿分岔。22.undergrowth n （长在大树下或周边的）下木层，下层灌木丛There was a sudden moveme
23、nt in the undergrowth.矮树丛里突然有什么东西动了一下。23.numerous adj 许多的，很多的Those birds have become more numerous lately.近来那种鸟变得越来越多了。mercial n. (电视或广播中的)商业广告 adj. 贸易的;商业的commerce kms n. 贸易;商业;商务Our country has been trying to broaden its commerce with other nations.我国一直在努力扩大与其他国家的贸易往来。Every commercial on televisio
24、n has a web site at the bottom of the screen.每个电视广告下面都有一个网址。25.thoughtful adj 认真思考的，深思的 体贴的A thoughtful present is always appreciated.一个体贴的礼物总会令人感激。He had a thoughtful look on his face.他脸上露出深思的表情。thought n. 思想；想法The old man was lost in thought and did not hear us come in.这个老人凝神沉思，没有听见我们进来。26.symboli
25、ze v.象征;代表symbol smbl n. 象征;符号;代号;记号symbolism smblzm n. 象征主义The dove is the symbol of peace.鸽子是和平的象征。This book is rich in meaning and symbolism.这本书富含意义及象征主义。symbol, mark, sign, token 这组词都可表示“符号,标志”。其区别是： symbol指作为象征或表达某种深邃意义的特殊事物; sign指代表具有固定意义的一种简明的符号或标志; mark指在其他事物上留下的清晰可见的印痕或先天固有的标志; token指表示爱情、友
26、谊等的纪念物或礼品等。 She had a silver peace symbol hanging on a chain around her neck.她有一个银制的和平标志挂在项链上。 She put her finger to her lips as a sign to be quiet. 她将手指放在唇上表示应安静。 He gave his wife a ring as a token of his love.他给他爱人一枚戒指,作为爱情的象征。 I could not write my name, so I made the sign of the cross.我不会写我的名字,就画
27、了一个十字。 War has left its mark on the country.战争给该国留下了不可磨灭的痕迹。27.alternative n 可供选择的事物 adj. 两者择一的；供选择的；非主流的I had no alternative but to accept the offer.我除了接受该项提议之外，别无选择。They are provided with the choice of two alternative flights.有两个航班可供他们选择。an alternative to.的替代物(to是介词)have the alternative of A or B要
28、么做A,要么做B;在A或B二者中选一个have no alternative/choice/option but to do sth别无选择只好做某事28.dilemma n. 困境；进退两难的境地1. In the process of modern urban development, we often find ourselves in a dilemma.在都市的发展中,我们往往会陷入困境。2. The bad weather put us in a dilemmashall we move on or go back?糟糕的天气使我们进退两难是继续前进呢,还是打道回府？29.aris
29、e v (由.)引起Tell our comrades to keep calm when problems arise.告诉同志们遇事要沉着。Accidents often arise from carelessness.事故往往起因于粗心。1. 过去式：arose2. 过去分词：arisenarise from=arise out of由引起/产生;从中产生arise from ones chair/seat从椅子/座位上站起来30.circumstance n 情况，情形Due to circumstances beyond our control the lecture was can
30、celled.由于无法控制的情况，讲座取消了。I cannot recollect the exact circumstance.我总是想不起确实的情况。in/under no circumstances决不(置于句首,句子要用倒装语序)in/under the circumstances在这种情况下;既然这样in/under any circumstances在任何情况下if circumstances allow/permit如果情况允许31.mixture n.混合;混合体 mix v. (使)混合,掺和,融合;调配，配制;相容,平安相处 mixed adj.混合的;混杂的 If you
31、 mix blue with yellow, youll get green. 蓝色和黄色混合在一起就成了绿色。 The bottom layer is a mixture of sand and clay. 最下面的一层是沙和泥的混合物。 There is a mixed doubles this afternoon. 今天下午有一场男女混合双打比赛。mix.with.把和相混合mix sb sth给某人配制某物mix with与相混合mix up混合起来32.affection n.喜爱,钟爱affect v. 影响;侵袭;使感染;(感情上)深深打动affecting adj.深深打动人的
32、;感动人的;激起怜悯的Every mother has affection for her children.每个母亲都爱她的孩子。She was deeply affected by the sad story.她深深被那个悲伤的故事感动了。How does interest rate affect the price of bonds?利率如何影响债券的价格?Loving music is an affecting lifestyle.热爱音乐是一种动人的生活方式。33.qualified adj. 合格的，胜任的We need more qualified science worker.
33、我们需要更多合格的科学工作者。His knowledge and skills qualify him for the job.他的知识和技能使他有资格担任这项工作。What sort of qualifications do you need for the job?做这项工作需要什么资格？be qualified to do有资格做be qualified for有的资格;能胜任qualification n.(通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格;学历qualify vt.(使)具备资格;(使)合格qualify for sth合格;有资格qualify sb to do使某人有资格做34.f
34、luency n.熟练,流利fluent adj. (尤指外语)流利的fluently adv.流利地;流畅地他说英语和法语同样流利。He speaks English and French with equal fluency.=He speaks fluent English and French .=He speaks English and French fluently.35.sincerely adv.由衷地，真诚地，真心实意地36.yours sincerely 谨上，敬上，谨启（用于以某人名字开头的正式信件的末尾）sincere adj.真诚的，诚挚的，诚恳的sincerity
35、 snserti n.真挚，诚心诚意1.She praised him _ for his victory.她真诚地表扬了他的胜利。2.I _ hope youll come with us.我真诚希望你和我们一起去。3.Please accept my _ thanks and best wishes.请接受我诚挚的感谢和最美好的祝愿。4.Her _has never been questioned.她的诚意从未受到怀疑。sincerelysincerelysinceresincerity 37.refreshments n.茶点，点心和饮料Refreshments will be serv
36、ed after the meeting.会后有茶点供应。A cool drink refreshed me after my long walk.走了很长的一段路之后，一杯冷饮使我恢复了精神。There is nothing as refreshing as lemon tea.什麽都不如柠檬茶那样提神。After a cold shower, I have a sense of refreshment.洗了冷水澡之后, 我有种清新的感觉.refresh v.使恢复,使振作;使焕然一新;翻新;使凉爽refreshing adj.令人耳目一新的;别具一格的;使人精力充沛的;使人凉爽的refreshment n. 恢复活力;焕发精神38.shift n （工厂，医院等轮班制中）当班时间They were taking turns to be on the night shift.他们轮流做夜班。The 21st century has been seeing a gradual shift of people from the country to the town.21世纪,人口开始渐渐由乡村向市镇转移。
