1、20XX 年度本科生毕业论文（设计） 萧伯纳卖花女中不礼貌言语行为的 研究 院 系： 外国语学院 专 业： 英语 年 级： XXX 学生姓名： XXX 学 号： XX 导师及职称： XX（副教授） 20XX 年 X 月 20XX Annual Graduation Thesis (Project) of the College Undergraduate AN INTERPRETATION OF AMIR AND HASSANS BROTHERHOOD Department: College of Foreign Languages Major: English Grade: X Studen
2、t Name: Wu Jin Student No.: 20XXX060041 Tutor: Professor Wang Yan Finished by May, 20XX 毕业论文（设计）原创性声明 本人所呈交的毕业论文（设计）是我在导师的指导下进行的研究工作及取 得的研究成果。据我所知，除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本论文（设计）不包 含其他个人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。对本论文（设计）的研究做出重要贡 献的个人和集体，均已在文中作了明确说明并表示谢意。 作者签名： 日期： 毕业论文（设计）授权使用说明 本论文（设计）作者完全了解 XX 学院有关保留、使用毕业论文（设计）的 规定，学校有
3、权保留论文（设计）并向相关部门送交论文（设计）的电子版和纸 质版。有权将论文（设计）用于非赢利目的的少量复制并允许论文（设计）进入 学校图书馆被查阅。学校可以公布论文（设计）的全部或部分内容。保密的论文 （设计）在解密后适用本规定。 作者签名： 指导教师签名： 日期： 日期： 毕业论文（设计）答辩委员会毕业论文（设计）答辩委员会( (答辩小组答辩小组) )成员名单成员名单 姓名 职称 单位 备注 主席（组长） XX 学院本科毕业论文（设计） 摘摘 要要 本文主要想解读追风筝的人里边的主角阿米尔与哈桑的兄弟情， 同时发掘兄 弟情在整部小说中的变化情况。论文中主要写到三方面的兄弟情。其中，时间的
4、变更是论文最主要的线索。和国外文学评论相比较，国内则更注重于个人情况分 析，如阿米尔自我认识及其救赎的过程，以及哈桑悲剧产生的原因。而国外注重 分析阿富汗的政治情况，大多都是积极的评论，尽管部分情节在阿富汗引起重大 争议。 在本篇论文中， 主要是谈论不同时间里兄弟情发生的变化及其发挥的作用， 并运用外因和内因来解读阿米尔与哈桑间的兄弟情。 论文是按照故事发展的时间 顺序、历史背景和主人公之间的关系展开的。 关键词关键词：兄弟情；内因； 外因 XX 学院本科毕业论文（设计） ABSTRACT The paper intends to interpret the brotherhood betwe
5、en Amir and Hassan, at the same time discuss the changes of the brotherhood in the whole novel. The thesis mainly consists of three aspects of the brotherhood. The main clue is the change of time. Compared with the literary review abroad, the domestic review mainly focuses on analyzing the process o
6、f Amirs self-consciousness and redemption, and the causes of Hassans tragedy. But the overseas review mainly focuses on analyzing Afghanistans political situation, mostly were positive reviews, though parts of the plot drew significant controversy in Afghanistan. This thesis focuses on the changes o
7、f the brotherhood in different time, and the article uses external causes and internal causes to explain the brotherhood between Amir and Hassan. The thesis will be studied by time sequence, historical background and the relationships between the heroes. Keywords：Brotherhood; External cause; Interna
8、l cause XX 学院本科毕业论文（设计） TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2 2.1 The Overseas Review 2 2.2 The Domestic Review . 3 3 HISTORICAL BACKGROUD IN THE KITE RUNNER . 4 3.1 Ethnic Tensions . 4 3.2 Sense of Hierarchy 4 3.3 Soviet War in Afghanistan 5 4 BROTHERHOOD INTERPRETATION 6 4.1 Unb
9、alanced Brotherhood 6 4.1.1 Hassans contribution 6 4.1.2 Amirs superiority complex 6 4.2 Broken Brotherhood 7 4.2.1 Hassans sacrifice 7 4.2.2 Amirs betrayal 8 4.3 Fragile Brotherhood 8 4.3.1 The continuation of Hassans life- Sohrab. 8 4.3.2 Amirs limited redemption 9 4.4 Situation analysis 9 4.4.1 E
10、xternal cause . 10 4.4.2 Internal cause 11 5 CONCLUSION . 13 REFERENCES 14 ACKNOWLWDGEMENTS 15 XX 学院本科毕业论文（设计） 1 1 INTRODUCTION Khaled Hosseini is one of the most popular novelists in the world. He is an Afghan-born American novelist and a physician. Hosseinis family moved to France when he was elev
11、en years old. Four years later, they applied for asylum in the United States. Hosseini did not return to Afghanistan until 2003 at the age of thirty eight, where he “felt like a tourist in his own country.” Hosseinis fantastic memories of his childhood in Afghanistan as well as his personal experien
12、ce led to the writing of his first novel, The Kite Runner. He published three novels, all of them were popular, and The Kite Runner was the best one. With the success of The Kite Runner, he decided to stop practicing medicine and become a full-time writer. Hosseinis life experience is very similar t
13、o Amir in The Kite Runner. This is why he wrote such an amazing story. The Kite Runner was the bestseller in New York Times for over two years. In this book, the author tells a story of Amir, a young boy from the Akbar Khan, district of Kabul, whose close friend is Hassan, his fathers young Hazara s
14、ervant. The story took place in the context of social unrest. Hosseini considered The Kite Runner to be a father-son story. In this novel, it covers the relationships in parents, children, and friends. The themes of the story are friendship, uneasy love, guilt, betrayal and redemption. By interpreti
15、ng the brotherhood between Amir and Hassan in this story, we can see a vivid mental picture which has profound influence on the success of Hosseinis work. There are many extraordinary praises for Hosseinis “stunning debut novel”. 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 The Overseas Review The
16、Kite Runner is written by Afghan-American author Khaled Hosseini, the novel came out that occupied America two authority best seller list New York Times, Publishers Weekly, for more than eighty weeks. Publishers Weeklys comments on this novel “clever and surprising plot staggered, let this novel is
17、worthy of attention, it is not only a political epic, is a way which a child to choose the way to affect himselfs adult life, is extremely close to the human life story, this debut work was worth reading.” From the sensitivity, the lack of a sense of security to the Amir, he has multi-level characte
18、rs father, until Amir returned to Afghanistan to gradually expose the sacrifice and the scandal of his father. As a reader, we also learned the divergence in the history of the United States and the Middle East. These elements create a complete literary works, as Afghanistan caught the attention of
19、the world in the beginning of the new millennium, and this novel became highlighted in the realm of literature. Edward Hower (2003) said in The New York Times that the beginning of The Kite Runner describes Afghanistan is “warm and humorous”, but also tense friction between the races, and in the des
20、cription of the tyranny of the Taliban ruled Afghanistan when it started to become a “dark “, especially the third part of the novel the picture is“ haunted “in the brain he praised the novel; the whole story“ vivid and fascinating “, constantly reminds us that these people in order to overcome the
21、violent power struggle has been long, and this still continues to threaten their power. USA Publishers Weekly (2003) evaluate of The Kite Runner is a “stunning“ debut. In terms of content, the reporter of the United States Wired Magazine Tony Sims (2011) he believes that the novel tells the story of
22、 an unlikely friendship between two opposite from the social class boys, and a pair of between father and son stumbled but constant feelings. Last but not least, The Kite Runner is really a popular novel, and few scholars XX 学院本科毕业论文（设计） 3 research the relationship between Amir and Hassan. So this p
23、aper will have great significance. 2.2 The Domestic Review There are many scholars research about The Kite Runner, the content of research include analysis of the theme, the themes of the diversified analysis (analysis of the diversified themes). Li Chongling (2009) in her The Kite Runner-the Themes
24、 of Diverse Analysis summarized the three themes of the novel: first one is Amir desires for his fathers love, but his father loves Hassan and compensation of the family of Hassans theme; second, Amirs inner repentance and redemption theme; the last one is a novel mapping of Afghanistan war turmoil
25、of social criticism. Besides, there are a lot of scholars research on image, such as Wang Jianrong (2009) in his The Kite Image Interpretation From The Kite Runner referred to running the kite is a process of pursuit of the ideal, the process of atonement, and the process of spiritual sublimation, “
26、the kite“ was interpreted as an important novel image. Kite is an integration of hope, dignity, redemption and fate. So far, few research for Hassan, including Li Jings (2009) Unscramble Hassans Image in The Kite Runner. She divided the paper into three chapters: scapegoat, strong ideas of slavishne
27、ss tractable and racial discrimination. And the paper analyzed accurately. While many scholars are carry on the discussion from the aspects of the hero Amirs betrayal and redemption bildungsroman. As Lv Tuo (2001) Amirs Growth: under the Prototype Theory of Jung, combined with the theory, comprehens
28、ive analyzes trajectory of three stages: when Amir was a boy, his moral degeneration; middle age move towards mature; self-actualization and the pursuit of personality. There are many literary theory studies of The Kite Runner from the view of narrative angle. Such as Yu Xueying (2011) The Narrative
29、 Strategy of The Kite Runner, has carried on the elaboration from the narrative focalization, narrative time and character discourse and so on. 3 HISTORICAL BACKGROUD IN THE KITE RUNNER 4 3 HISTORICAL BACKGROUD IN THE KITE RUNNER 3.1 Ethnic Tensions There are mainly two ethnic groups in this novel.
30、They are Pashtuns and Hazaras. Hazara is a minority of Afghanistan, they are descendants of Mongolia, and they looked like Chinese. In the history of Afghanistan, they generally played the role of slaves, cleaners and porters. They are mostly Shia (Islam) and lived generation to generation in the ma
31、rgin of society, in some cases even be massacred. The largest population in Afghanistan is Pashtun, accounting for 52% of all national, so they became Afghanistans traditional rulers. In the past, Pashtuns had killed the Hazaras, driven them off their lands, burned their homes, and sold their women.
32、 The Hazaras had tried to resist the Pashtuns in the nineteenth century, but the Pashtuns had “quelled them with violence”. In The Kite Runner the author mentioned the reasons why Pashtuns had oppressed the Hazaras was that Pashtuns were Sunni Muslims, while Hazaras were Shia. “It also said some thi
33、ngs I did know, like that people called Hazaras mice-eating, flat-nosed, load-carrying donkeys. I had heard some of the kids in the neighborhood yell those names to Hassan.” (Hosseini 9) In the authors world, Hassan is a Shia, downtrodden by Hazaras. Although the final proof that Hassan is not Alis
34、son, people do not know Hassans true identity, they will still take him as an alien to be persecuted. 3.2 Sense of Hierarchy The Pashtuns had persecuted and oppressed the Hazaras. In Afghanistan bbout ninety percent people are Islam, most of them belong to Sunni Muslims, and others belong to Shia. T
35、he Sunni Muslims belived themselves were orthodox Afghanistan, and made an enemy of Shia. As the minority Hazara, destined to be Pashtun torture. Just because the ethnic tensions, there is a strong sense of hierarchy. Even living in the same environment, grow up together, Hassan always call “Amir ag
36、ha”. “But in none of his stories did Baba ever refer to Ali as his friend. The curious thing was, I never thought of Hassan and me as friends either.” (Hosseini 25) XX 学院本科毕业论文（设计） 5 “Never mind any of those things. Because history isnt easy to overcome. Neither is religion. In the end, I was a Pash
37、tun and he was a Hazara, I was Sunni and he was Shia, and nothing was ever going to change that. Nothing.” (Hosseini 25) “Afghanistan is the land of Pashtuns. It always has been, always will be. We are the true Afghans, the pure Afghans, not this Flat-Nose here. His people pollute our homeland, our
38、watan. They dirty our blood.” (Hosseini 40) 3.3 Soviet War in Afghanistan In 1979, The Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan. This novel tells a story which has Afghanistan culture background, at that time, highly conflict torn this country for decade, always been focused of the world, maybe use such a p
39、lace as the storys background is not appropriate, but in The Kite Runner, the relationship of people, family, childhood, friendship, the courage of asking for forgiveness and redemption, all of those need love, under the background of war, still has warmth, it is very rare. Wherever you are, what ex
40、perience you have, you must be deeply moved by this story. 4 BROTHERHOOD INTERPRETATION 6 4 BROTHERHOOD INTERPRETATION 4.1 Unbalanced Brotherhood Amir and Hassans unbalanced brotherhood is like two kites. One flies high, the other one flies low. 4.1.1 Hassans contribution Hassan is Amirs closest chi
41、ldhood friend. He has green eyes, a harelip and Chinese baby face. The reader eventually discovers that Hassan is actually the son of Baba, although Hassan never discovers this during his lifetime. Hassan is loyal to Amir from the beginning to the end. “For you, a thousand times over.” (Hosseini 1)
42、“Hassan would mumble, looking down at his feet. But he never told on me. Never told the mirror, like shooting walnuts at the neighbors dog, was always my idea.” (Hosseini 4) “Hassan and I fed from the same breasts. We took our first step on the same lawn in the same yard. And, under the same proof,
43、we speak our first words. Mine was Baba. His was Amir, my name.” (Hosseini 11) Hassans father, Ali, had a congenital paralysis of his lower facial muscles, a condition that rendered him unable to smile and left him perpetually grimfaced. And polio had left Ali with a twisted, atrophied right leg tha
44、t was sallow skin over bone with little in between except a paper-thin layer of muscle. Even Hassan and Ali are very poor, maybe it is a sad thing to them but they are very kindness, never grouse. Ali loves his son so much, always protect Hassan. There is no doubt that Hassan regards Amir as the bes
45、t friend. Sincere, loyal, humbler Hassan touches readers. 4.1.2 Amirs superiority complex Amir is the protagonist and narrator of the novel. The story starts on December 2001, when Amir was thirty eight years old. And the time goes back to the age of twelve. From the view of the first person, we dis
46、cover character by his own words and feelings. Amirs mother died for giving broth to him. And all Amir wants is the love from his Baba. “I am a baby in that picture and Baba is holding me looking tired and XX 学院本科毕业论文（设计） 7 grim. I am in his arm, but it is Rahim Khans (Babas best friend), picking my
47、 fingers curled around.” (Hosseini 5) At the beginning of chapter three, it shows us a picture of Amirs Baba. He is a man with justice, highly respected, reckless, courageous, arrogant, and obstinate. In the late 1960s, when Amir was six, Baba decided to build an orphanage (destroyed later in the wa
48、r). Even though Amirs Baba has no experience of architecture, he refused to hire an architect. He personally funded the entire project, paying for the engineers, electricians, plumbers, and laborers, without paying for the city of officials. Amirs Baba saw the world in black and white. And he got to
49、 decide what was black and what was white. He is very lonely all the time and Baba is not an impatient man. He did not come home until after dark: All the times Amir ate dinner by himself. He put all his hearts at the work. Despite Babas success, people always doubt him. However, Baba proves them all wrong by not only running his business but also becoming one of the richest merchants in Kab
