1、神经系统血管内治疗神经系统血管内治疗“风险风险”的的认知与规避认知与规避勿庸质疑:n神经系统血管内治疗具有很高的风险性;n原因:(1)疾病本身性质;(2)科学发展的局限性;(3)治疗过程中情况的千变万化;(4)其他:社会、家庭、病人、舆论等;1.是否患疾病?疾病与症状的关系?n女 68岁 SAH后2天手术探查,未见后交通动脉瘤!2022-7-23文献报道:非动脉瘤性SAH有20余种原因!n华山医院资料2007年:颅内动脉瘤:61.73%;颅内动静脉畸形:6.10%;硬脑膜动静脉瘘:5.63%;Moyamoya病:3.99%;外伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘:1.41%;脊髓动静脉畸形引起颅内SAH:0.3
2、5%;颅内肿瘤:0.35%;海绵状血管瘤:0.35%;第一次全脑DSA检查未发现病因:19.95%;2.是否需要医疗干预?n动脉瘤:2010年1月2013年1月华山医院神经外科:申康及“十二五”脑动脉瘤数据库统计,根据入选标准,共计1450例,1602个动脉瘤。开颅夹闭 血管内治疗 保守治疗开颅夹闭 血管内治疗 保守治疗随访结果(6月28.8月)=2.65%=2.65%=5.31%=5.31%n动静脉畸形(AVM):nNatural history:nThe annual risk of hemorrhage for all intracerebral AVMs is between 2%an
3、d 4%pery ear.2%and 4%pery ear.nARUBA confirms a low spontaneous rupture rate of 2 2.2%per year(95%CI 02%per year(95%CI 0.9 94 4.5).5).nFor AVMs that have ruptured,the annual risk of rerupture increases in the first year after initial first year after initial hemorrhagehemorrhage to between 6%and 8%,
4、6%and 8%,but after the first year,the risk reapproaches that of the prehemorrhagic risk profile.nIn addition to understanding the natural history of untreated AVMs,the neurosurgeon must understand the natural history of AVMs treated with other modalities.natural history of AVMs treated with other mo
5、dalities.未破裂AVM是否需积极干预治疗?Lancet.2014 Feb 15;383(9917):614-21.Medical management with or without interventional therapy for unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations(ARUBA):a multicentre,non-blinded,randomised trial.Mohr JP,Parides MK,Stapf C,et al.ARUBA To compare the risk of death and symptomati
6、c stroke in patients with an unruptured brain arteriovenous malformation who are allocated to either medical management alone or medical management with interventional therapy.39 clinical sites in nine countries.Randomisation was started on April 4,2007,and was stopped on April 15,2013.At this point
7、,outcome data were available for 223 patients,114 assigned to interventional therapy and 109 to medical management.The primary endpoint had been reached by 11(101%)patients in the medical management group compared with 35(307%)in the interventional therapy group.The ARUBA trial showed that medical m
8、anagement alone is superior to medical management with interventional therapy for the prevention of death or stroke in patients with unruptured brain AVMs followed up for 33 months.3.如何干预?干预程度?n男 37岁 25天内突发头痛二次 第一次SAH 第二次SAH当地MRI、DSAn颈髓AVM+动脉瘤手术?介入?n入院后第4天,突发呼吸骤停;n抢救,5分钟后呼吸、意识恢复;急诊治疗闭塞动脉瘤为目的;术后11小时:
9、男 23岁 头痛2年手术?介入?nBOT(-)手术+介入!男 68岁 SAH后1天2年后随访手术?介入?女 57岁 DSAn手术治疗!4.干预可能的后果和利益?nAVM:The morbidity related to hemorrhage is variable,but some reports find it to be as high asThe morbidity related to hemorrhage is variable,but some reports find it to be as high as 80%80%.Mortality rates associated wi
10、th these hemorrhages are not as high but are still Mortality rates associated with these hemorrhages are not as high but are still significant,ranging from significant,ranging from 10%to 30%10%to 30%。n动脉瘤:动脉瘤:文献报道:文献报道:第一次SAH死亡率:15%;第二次SAH死亡率:50%;第三次SAH死亡率:85%;第四次SAH死亡率:*再次出血率:再次出血率:SAH后前三天:14%;以后每天
11、增加3%;至15天时达50%;男 42岁 头痛3月AVM的Nidus约25x35mm;Onyx用量一支血管次10.5ml;栓塞率100%!但复查DSA时,出现n立即溶栓!1.溶栓后出血溶栓后出血?2.拔管后小出血拔管后小出血,溶栓后继发出血溶栓后继发出血?标本观察大体标本:nOnyx弥散、灌注良好;nAVM畸形团充满Onyx胶;n但绝大多数Onyx充满在引流静脉内!重新思考出血原因?n1.溶栓后出血?2.拔管后小出血,溶栓后继发出血?n引流静脉何时阻塞?畸形团被栓塞前?后?畸形团被栓塞前?后?n是否与引流静脉阻塞有关?nNPPB可能性有多少?#华山医院神经外科脑AVM资料(2010年2014年
12、):n一般资料:一般资料:433例患者、487次AVM血管内治疗(分次治疗:19.31%)年龄567岁,平均32岁;男性288名,女性145名,男/女比例约2:1;n临临床症床症状:状:癫痫发作:144例(33.25%);颅内出血:204例(47.11%);神经功能障碍:67例(15.47%);头痛/头晕:118例(27.25%);体检发现:24例(5.54%);治疗情况:n单次栓塞:387例(89.38%);2次栓塞:39例(9.01%);3次栓塞:6例(1.39%);4次栓塞:1例(0.23%);平均栓塞次数1.12次/例;n治疗目的:1.治愈性栓塞:47次(9.65%);2.放射前大部栓
13、塞(50%):292次(59.96%);3.部分栓塞:123次(25.26%);其中手术前栓塞:83例(67.48%);4.靶向栓塞(降低AVF流量/动脉瘤):25次(5.13%);随访结果:总计168例患者于我院随访DSA(38.8%)手术切除(包括术手术切除(包括术前前EMB/放射治疗)放射治疗)单纯立体定向治单纯立体定向治疗(伽马刀疗(伽马刀/射射波刀)波刀)单纯单纯EMBEMB+立体定立体定向向残留5(18.5%)9(37.5%)73(85.9%)18(56.3%)治愈22(81.5%)15(62.5%)12(14.1%)14(43.7%)总计27248532总结:n现代临床医学的基础是:循证医学;n循证医学的基础是:RCT多中心研究;nRCT研究的方法是:统计学;n统计学的有效区间是:95%;n任何治疗都存在:疾病风险与治疗风险!疾病风险与治疗风险将伴随临床治疗,如影随形!