1、Section BUsing language.知识体系图解 重点词汇 1.n.特征,特性 2.v.减少 3.v.责怪,指责;把归咎于 4.goat n.5.primitive adj.6.giant adj.characteristicdeclineblame山羊原始的,低等的巨大的,特大的重点短语1.be native to 2.in the end 3.be home to 4.by contrast 5.up to 6.研究 7.被归咎于 8.对有害 9.击退 10.实施;执行;开展 源于的,原产于最后是的栖息地相比之下多达do research onbe blamed onbe ha
2、rmful tofight off carry out重点句式Gregor Mendel chose to study pea plants because their characteristics were easy to control.重点语法过去完成时.释义搭配1.characteristicA.belonging to an early stage in the development of humans or animals2.decline B.to think or say that sb/sth is responsible for sth bad3.blameC.to b
3、ecome smaller,fewer,weaker,etc.4.goatD.a typical feature or quality that sth/sb has5.primitiveE.an animal with horns and a coat of hair答案:1.D2.C3.B4.E5.A.用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空1.It was the second time that Mr Brown _(visit)Tiananmen Square.2.By the end of last month,we (learn)3,000 English words.3.By the t
4、ime I got to the airport,my friends plane(take)off.4.Before they(arrive)there the film had already started.5.He said he(work)in that factory since 1949.had visitedhad learned/learnthad takenarrivedhad worked重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习1.Gregor Mendal chose to study pea plants because their characteristics were
5、easy to control.(教材P53)乔治孟德尔选择研究豌豆植物是因为它们的特性易于控制。【词汇精讲】characteristic为可数名词,意为“特征,特性”。Some animals possess the characteristics of man.有些动物具有人类的特征。The two species have several characteristics in common.这两个物种有几个共同的特征。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习【词汇拓展】characteristic adj.典型的;特有的;表示特性的characteristically adv.典型地;表示特性地
6、character n.性格,品质;特性;角色She spoke with characteristic enthusiasm.她说话带着特有的热情。He does have the characteristically broad chin and a big nose.他的宽下巴和大鼻子确实很突出。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习2.The extinction of the Pinta Island tortoise is blamed on humans.(教材P53)平塔岛龟的灭绝被归咎于人类。【词汇精讲】blame为动
7、词,意为“把归咎于,责怪”,作名词时,意为“责备,责怪”。The government has been widely blamed for the crisis.政府因这次危机受到广泛指责。The company refused to accept any blame for the damage.这家公司拒绝为损害承担任何责任。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习【词汇拓展】be to blame for为负责任blameless adj.清白的;无可责备的;无过失的blame sb for sth因某事责备某人blame sth on sb把怪到头上,把责任归咎于某人take the bla
8、me for为承担责任A spokesman said that bad weather was to blame for the delay.发言人称,延误是由糟糕的天气造成的。Ill take the blame for the failure of the project because I am in charge.我将为这个项目的失败承担责任,因为我是负责人。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习 重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习3.After goats in particular had been brought to the island,the Pinta Island torto
9、ise population declined.(教材P53)特别是山羊被带到岛上之后,平塔岛龟的数量下降了。【词汇精讲】句中的decline为动词,意为“减少”,此外,还表示“衰落,衰败;婉言谢绝,拒绝”。decline作名词,意为“减少;下降;衰落”。As one grows older,his memory declines.人的记忆力随着年龄的增长而衰退。There has been a sharp decline in profits this year.今年的利润大幅度下降。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习【词汇拓展】in decline 在衰退中on the decline在衰退
10、中,走下坡路fall into decline衰落decline to do sth拒绝做某事decline from.to.从下降到He declined to answer my questions.他拒绝回答我的问题。The fact is,their economy did not fall into decline overnight.事实是,他们的经济衰退也不是一夜之间的事。These numbers have been on the decline for decades.近几十年来,这些数字都在减少。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习4.This
11、tiny organism can survive temperatures from 150 to a below freezing-272.(教材P54)这种微小的生物可以在150 到零下272 的温度下生存。【词汇精讲】survive为及物动词,意为“幸存;艰难度过”;作不及物动词时,意为“幸存,活下来”。These birds are able to survive the freezing weather.这些鸟能够战胜寒冷的天气。The urge to survive drove them on.求生的欲望驱使他们继续努力。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习【词汇拓展】survive
12、 sth从中幸存下来survive on sth靠存活下来survive sb by.比某人活得长survivor n.幸存者;生还者survival n.幸存They survived on leaves when they were lost.他们迷路时靠吃树叶生存。She survived her husband by 15 years.她比她丈夫多活了15年。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习 重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习Gregor Mendel chose to study pea plants because their characteristics were easy to
13、 control.(教材P53)乔治孟德尔选择研究豌豆植物是因为它们的特性易于控制。【句式剖析】本句中their characteristics were easy to control为“主语+be+adj.+动词不定式”结构,其中动词不定式与主语存在动宾关系。Our model is easy to operate and maintain.我们这个型号(的机器)易于操作和保养。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习【句式拓展】“主语+be+adj.+动词不定式”结构的用法:(1)用于该句型的形容词多为表示主语性质、特征的词,如hard,difficult,pleasant,easy,comfo
14、rtable,interesting等;As the old saying goes,flowers are pleasant to look at but hard to grow.正如俗话所说,看花容易栽花难。(2)动词不定式和句子主语在逻辑上为动宾关系,但不定式用主动形式表示被动意义;当不定式中的动词为不及物动词时,要加上适当的介词;This village is really comfortable to live in.在这个村子生活真的很舒适。(3)不定式有时会带上自己的逻辑主语,并由for引出;The long sentence is difficult for you to r
15、emember.这个长句对你来说很难记。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习过去完成时1.过去完成时表示过去的过去,其构成形式是“had+过去分词”。2.用法(1)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。它表示的时间是过去的过去,常与by last year,by the time of等连用。He had gone to bed by 10:00 last night.昨晚十点钟之前他已经上床睡觉了。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习(2)表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与for(后跟过去的时间段
16、)或since(后跟过去的时间点)等连用。The train had started when I got to the station.当我到达车站时火车已经开走了。The minute I saw a lady getting off the bus,I knew it was she,for I had seen her before.我一看到正在下公共汽车的那位女士就知道是她,因为我以前见过她。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习3.常见结构(1)By the end of+名词(短语),主语+had done.(2)主句(had done),before+过去时间状语 I had rea
17、ched the station before six oclock.六点钟之前我已到达车站。(3)用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句,表示动作发生在这些动词之前。She said that she had never been to Paris.她说她从未去过巴黎。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习(4)By the time+从句(did/was/were),主语+had done.By the time we arrived,everyone had received medical care.我们到达时,每个人都已接受了医疗护理。(5)主语+h
18、ad done.,before 从句(did/was/were)Fortunately,the people had left the village before the volcano erupted.幸运的是,火山喷发前人们就已经离开了村庄。(6)主语+had done.,when 从句(did/was/were)They had already put the fire out when I returned to the village.当我返回村子时,他们已将大火扑灭。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习(7)主语+(did/was/were),after 从句(had done)Th
19、e earthquake happened in the daytime after people had already left home for work or school.地震发生在白天,当时人们已离开家去上班或上学了。(8)用在hardly(scarcely,barely).when.,no sooner.than.句型中Hardly had I got home when the rain poured down.我刚到家大雨就倾盆而下。(9)用在It/This/That was the first/.time+that 从句(had done)中It was the third
20、 time that he had made the same mistake.这是他第三次犯同样的错误了。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习(10)用在It was/had been+一段时间+since 从句(had done)中It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.我们十年都没这么高兴了。(11)hope,plan,mean,expect,intend,suppose,want,think等动词有时用过去完成时表示一个本来打算做而未做,或曾经设想而未实现的事They had wanted to help but co
21、uld not get there in time.他们本想帮忙,但未及时赶到那儿。I had thought that he had died at least twenty years ago.我原以为他至少二十年前就死了。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习(12)用于表示与过去事实相反的if虚拟条件句中If she had seen you yesterday,she would have told you the truth.如果她昨天见过你,她就会告诉你事实的真相了。(13)用在 wish 后的宾语从句中,表示与过去事实相反I wished that he hadnt made suc
22、h a mistake.我希望他从未犯过这样的错误。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习.单词拼写1.His c is very different from his wifes.答案:characteristic2.Many wonderful British species have d catastrophically over the past century.答案:declined3.I think of her gift of forgiveness every time Im tempted to b someone in a secret for something recogni
23、zed as wrong.答案:blame重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习4.There are many animals including pigs,hens,(山羊)and ducks on the farm and a pub just a 10-minute stroll away.答案:goats5.A p way of making a fire is by rubbing two stones together.答案:primitive重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习.翻译句子1.我们到的时候,其他客人都已经在那儿了。(by the time)答案:By the time we
24、 arrived,the other guests had already been there.2.他刚开始说话,观众就打断了他。(no sooner.than)答案:No sooner had he begun to speak than the audience interrupted him.3.相比较而言,春季和秋季库存通常会增长。(by contrast)答案:In autumn and spring,by contrast,stocks usually rise.4.晚会的费用总计超过了500美元。(add up to)答案:The cost of the party adds
25、up to more than 500 dollars.重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习.语法填空In the United States over 25 percent of senior citizens(people over 65)live alone.Without friends and family nearby,seniors are at the risk of 1.(have)depression(抑郁).Many communities are trying to deal with this problem.Providence Mount St.Vincent,a r
26、etirement home(退休疗养院)near Seattle,Washington,has 2.(recent)run a program.Over 400 senior citizens live at Providence Mount St.Vincent,and over 40 children from a few months old 3._ age five go to day care there.The children spend the day there with the senior citizens while 4.(worker)look on.havingr
27、ecentlytoworkers重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习The program has clear advantages.For the older people,their social life improves(改善);they read to and play games with the children,and encourage 5.(they)to do other activities.This makes the seniors feel 6.(use)and happy,and if they feel happy,their health may improve
28、.The children also get a lot from the program.They have 7._ patient group of people to play with in a safe environment.Some of the older people 8.(be)disabled,and staying with them helps children learn 9.(be)more understanding of people with disabilities.themusefulaareto be重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习Now,there are many programs like the one at Providence Mount St.Vincent.10.is believed that even if the very young and the very old dont have a shared past or future,their shared present can be perfect.It
