1、第10讲 选句填空课前热身（2017届黄浦一模）Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. Many of us just drive on as we have right of way.B. It is this social aspect that m
2、akes many people suspicious about driverless cars.C. The latest robot cars are able to make the necessary eye contact with a human driver.D. Humans are always suspicious about new technologies of which they have little experience.E. Even many people with suspicion accept that emotionless AVs could c
3、ause fewer accidents than we humans.F. These safety-first robot cars could become victims of their own politeness and end up being bullied, ignored by aggressive, impatient humans.Would You Bully (欺负) a Driverless Car or Show It Respect?Say youre driving down a two-way street and theres a truck unlo
4、ading a delivery in the opposite lane. The oncoming traffic needs to pull out into your lane to overtake.What do you do?(67) Eventually one of us feels charitable and slows down to allow the oncoming car to overtake and give permission with a quick flash of headlights or a wave of the hand.But what
5、if the car waiting patiently behind the parked truck is a driverless or autonomous vehicle (AV)? Will this robot car be able to understand what you mean when you flash your lights or wave your hands?Its sensors could decide that its only safe to overtake when theres no oncoming traffic at all. On a
6、busy road at school home time, this may be never, leading to increasingly angry drivers queuing behind. (68) This is one of the conclusions to be drawn from research carried out by Dr. Chris Tennant of the psychological and behavioral science department at the London School of Economics.His Europe-w
7、ide survey finds that nearly two-thirds of drivers think machines wont have enough common sense to interact with human drivers, and more than two-fifths think a robot car would remain stuck behind our assumed parked truck for a long time.Driving isnt just about technology and engineering, its about
8、human interactions and psychology. The road is a social space. (69) “If you view the road as a social space, you will consciously negotiate your journey with other drivers. People who like that negotiation process appear to feel less comfortable engaging with AVs than human drivers,” say Mr. Tennant
9、 in his report.(70) A statistic often trotted out (动不动就搬出) is that human error is responsible for more than 90% of accidents, with our tendency to road anger, tiredness and lack of concentration.【试题分析】1.重难点词汇及词组解析：（1）词汇：bully (n.& v.) n. 欺凌弱小者；土霸; vt. 欺负；威吓; vi. 欺侮人overtake (v.) vt. 赶上；压倒；突然来袭; vi.
10、超车charitable (a.) 慈善事业的；慷慨的，仁慈的；宽恕的oncoming (a.& n.) adj. 即将到来的；接近的；新兴的; n. 来临，接近assume (v.) vi. 假定；设想；承担；采取; vt. 僭取；篡夺；夺取；擅用；侵占（2）词组：be suspicious about对某事感到怀疑become victim of成为的牺牲品/受害者end up doing以而告终carry out执行，实行；贯彻；实现；完成interact with与相互作用be responsible for对负责；是的原因2.语篇整体分析：考点：选句填空分析：本篇文章主要讲述了AVs
11、因为感应器设定可能沦为人们欺凌的对象，同时表达了人们虽然对于AVs的没有情感而带来的怀疑也用数据说明了人们对于无人驾驶未来发展的接受态度。3.试题解析：Keys: AFBE67. A, 考察段首总起句。根据what do you do?,以及后面说的：最终其中一个人会感到仁慈宽慰并且减速来允许另一辆车先通过。所以根据选项A最恰当。68. F, 考察段首总起句。根据第二句话句意：这是研究得出的结论之一。关键词是“this”,所以，前一句话应该是结论句，后面一段也是在讲机器驾驶和人工驾驶，所以选F，这些机器驾驶车辆会被欺以及被人类忽视。69. B, 考察段落中间句。本段讲的是：驾驶不仅仅和技术有关
12、，而且和人的互动和心理有关。行驶的马路就是一个社会空间。只有B描述的内容和本段内容有关。70. E, 考查段首总起句，根据后文讲到数据显示人类的错误应该为高达90%的事故负责，所以此处和上文段末提到的能容形成转折，应选E选项。年份题量分值考点题型2017届虹口一模18文章主旨句；段内逻辑衔接选择2017届黄浦二模18句间逻辑关系；文章主旨句选择2018届浦东一模18文章主旨句；段内逻辑衔接选择2018届松江二模18文章主旨句；段内逻辑衔接选择【考纲解读】选句填空（俗称六选四）是2017年上海高考英语试卷中启用的题型。根据题目要求，学生需从所给的六个选项中选取四个填入文中的空格处，使文章从内容、
13、语言、结构上都符合逻辑。【考点分析】考生在备考这一部分时, 需意识到以下几点：1、虽然每一小题都要求选择正确的句子填入文中，但在文中不同的地方挖空，考査的能力要求也会有所不同。如果空格处需填入主题句，考察的是对文本或段落的概括能力，如果空格处需填入能使上下文叙述连贯的细节，考察的则是对文章基本内容的理解能力。因此，针对不同的空格，考生需要调整自己的思维方式，选择合适的策略；2、虽然本部分属于阅读理解这一大题，同样也考查考生的阅读理解能力，但是要注意这一题型与阅读选择题的差异。选择题通过题干告诉考生考点在哪里，考察目标是什么，考生就可以据此选择合适的策略来答题，而选句填空则要求考生在理解文章内容
14、和行文逻辑的基础上，自行判断空格处需填入句子的功能，再进一步选择合适的策略来答题。解题步骤：1、通读全文，对文章内容有整体理解，包括文章的主题、写作的目的、每段的大意等; 2、阅读空格所在段落，尤其是空格前后句，判断空格处需填入句子的功能，并根据后句的内容基本确定需填入句子的内容；3、阅读所给的六个句子，从中选择符合文章内容及行文逻辑的句子；4、通读填入句子后的文章，再次确认文章内容、语言、结构上是否符合逻辑。知识精讲（2017届虹口一模）Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sente
15、nce given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. He found the bacterium had a similar effect on the mice as an anti-depressive drug mightB. Soil bacteria not only benefit people but also benefit animalsC. Gardening can also be used as
16、 a way of treating addictionD. Its no wonder some of us turn to gardening as a form of therapyE. Alcohol can make people behave peculiarly and dangerously in gardeningF. Some experts actually believe that getting outside to dig and plant things acts as a “natural excitement”The Good of GardeningDo y
17、ou have a hobby that helps you relax and unwind? For some people, there is no better way to relieve pressure than spending time in the garden. This small private area of green space can be their place of calm.(67)_. A survey conducted by the Royal Horticultural Society, found that 82% of people in t
18、he UK said that gardening makes them happier. It also found that 70% of them, given the choice, would prefer to spend their working day in the garden with just 9% opting for an office.For those with green fingers, the pleasure of gardening comes from getting out in the fresh air, in all weathers and
19、 communing with nature - even if there are a few too many worms! It can also be seen as a sort of digital-detox - time away from technology. (68)_.Dr Christopher Lowry, a neuroscientist at the University of Colorado, injected a bacterium commonly found in soil into mice to see what affection this wo
20、uld have on them. (69)_. When we dig in soil we absorb this bacterium through our lungs or cuts in our skin, so Dr Lowry concluded that since the mice seemed happier when treated with soil bacteria, its likely we would be, too.(70)_. Theres evidence that recovering alcoholics who have been given the
21、 opportunity to plant, grow, and even sell their produce, have managed to stop their addictive habits. Scot Stephenson, for example, got dismissed from school and started a vocational qualification in gardening. He says, “I got my NVQ level 2 which is my first qualification and enjoyed it ever since
22、.”Whatever the reason, there are many therapeutic benefits to getting your hands dirty, doing some physical hard work and then watching your garden grow. Does this sound like your idea of fun?【试题分析】1.重难点词汇及词组解析：（1）词汇：anti-depressive (a.) 抗抑郁的 （用以缓解精神忧郁的）peculiarly (ad.) 特别；尤其；古怪地；奇怪地unwind (v.) vt.
23、放松；解开；; vi. 放松；解开；松开therapeutic (a.& n.) a.治疗的；治疗学的；有益于健康的; n. 治疗剂；治疗学家affection (n.) 喜爱，感情；影响；感染（2）词组：in all weathers不论天气如何，风雨无阻commune with与谈心a vocational qualification一个职业资格opt for选择2.语篇整体分析：考点：选句填空分析：本篇文章主要讲述了研究发现培养园艺这个爱好可以很好地使人得到放松，找到内心的平静。同时实验显示园艺对于治疗成瘾性习惯有积极效果，建议大家可以适时远离科技，接近大自然来寻找快乐。3.试题解析：K
24、eys: DFAC67.D, 段落主旨句，根据后文makes them happier,同时根据上一段This small private area of green space can be their place of calm.行文的逻辑关系来判断，因为gardening can relieve pressure and can be a place of calm,所以可以作为therapy.68.F, 最后一句选择通常是承上启下、细节具体化或是评论性的语句，F选项Some experts actually believe that. 属评论性的语句。the pleasure of g
25、ardening comes from getting out in the fresh air, in all weathers and communing with nature，对应F选项“natural excitement” getting out in the fresh air, in all weathers and communing with nature 对应getting outside to dig and plant things。对应点比较多且比较好找。69.A, 第三段第一句话讲Christopher Lowry做了一个实验，根据作者的行文思路，这里就应该选择实
26、验结果的选项。选项也有很多对应点，很容易判断。70.C,段落主旨句，这一段后文列举了recovering alcoholics的例子，可知答案C,干扰选项为E,都有对应点alcohol和gardening,根据列举的例子可排除E。（2017届黄浦二模）Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentence
27、s than you need.A. But theres no need for embarrassment.B. If you want proof, turn on the sports channel.C. As we grow older, we dont abandon this system-we internalize it.D. This so-called inner speech can improve our performance on various tasks.E. Conducting a dialogue with ourselves might turn o
28、ut to be one of the keys to human creativity.F. Psychologists refer to this as private speechlanguage that is spoken out but directed at the self.Your Own Best FriendTalking to yourself may seem a little shameful. If youve ever been overheard criticizing yourself for a foolish mistake or practicing
29、a tricky speech ahead of time, youll have felt the social restriction against communicating with yourself in words. According to the well-known saying, talking to yourself is the first sign of madness.(67) _Talking to ourselves, whether out loud or silently in our heads, is a valuable tool for thoug
30、ht. Far from being a sign of insanity, self-talk allows us to plan what we are going to do, manage our activities, regulate our emotions and even create a narrative of our experience.Take a trip to any preschool and watch a small child playing with her toys. You are very likely to hear her talking t
31、o herself: offering herself directions and giving voice to her frustrations. (68) _ We do a lot of it when we are youngperhaps one reason for our shyness about continuing with it as adults.As children, according to the Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky, we use private speech to regulate our actions
32、in the same way that we use public speech to control the behavior of others. (69) _Psychological experiments have shown that the distancing effect of our words can give us a valuable perspective on our actions. One recent study suggested that self-talk is most effective when we address ourselves in
33、the second person: as “you” rather than “I”.We internalize the private speech we use as childrenbut we never entirely put away the out-loud version. (70) _ Youre bound to see an athlete or two gearing themselves up with a tart phrase or scolding themselves after a bad shot.Both kinds of self-talk se
34、em to bring a range of benefits to our thinking. Those words to the self, spoken silently or aloud, are so much more than lazy talk.【试题分析】1.重难点词汇及词组解析：（1）词汇：overhear(v.) vt. 无意中听到；偷听; vi. 无意中听到；偷听到internalize (v.) 使（习俗等经吸收同化而）内在化；使藏在心底so-called(a.) 所谓的；号称的insanity (n.) 疯狂；精神错乱；精神病；愚顽narrative (a.& n
35、.) n. 叙述；故事；讲述; adj. 叙事的，叙述的；叙事体的version (n.) 版本；译文；倒转术（2）词组：turn out to be结果是；原来是refer to参考；涉及；指的是；适用于put away放好；抛弃；储存be bound to必然；一定要gear up促进；增加；使换快档；准备好2.语篇整体分析：考点：选句填空分析：这篇文章是一篇议论文，讲述儿童自言自语来管控自己的行为到成人用语言来管控自己的行为的过程。第一段讲述成人世界自言自语被视为羞耻甚至疯癫。3.试题解析：Keys: AFCB67.A，第二段第一句为67空，之后讲的是自言自语的好处，自言自语非但不是疯癫
36、，还是规管我们行为和情绪的有效手段。所以这里填A，没有什么值得尴尬的就比较合适，起到了转折的作用。68.F, 空这一段讲儿童的自言自语，之前讲的是这一行为描述，之后做了总结，我们年轻的时候经常做这一行为。68空选择F，心理学家将这一行为称为私人言语，承接前文，也照应下一句的“it”。69.C,空为下一段最后一句，前面讲的是孩子私人言语和成人的公共话语殊途同归，下面一段讲的是成人世界的行为的作用。69选择C，我们长大之后，就将它内化了，既承接前文，又引出下文。70.B,这一段讲述成人世界的私人言语行为，之前讲我们并未放弃这一行为，之后讲运动员对打之前互飙脏话。这里选B，如果需要证据，可以调到体育
37、频道，承前启后。（2018届浦东一模）Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. Reality has begun to catch up with the imagination of the films writer.B. Nanotechnology
38、 is one of the most exciting fields of research in the world today.C. When this becomes possible, great changes will take place in numerous fields.D. Small as they are, large quantities of them can make a difference and work wonders.E. Nanotechnology is also responsible for tremendous advances in ma
39、ny other fields.F. They carry medicine with them as they travel though the body, seeking our cancer cells.Nanotechnology Grows FastThanks to advances in technology, the science fiction of the past has become the “science fact” of today, like the 1966 sci-fi Fantastic Voyage. In the film, a man with
40、very important knowledge was dying. The only way to save him was by using experimental miniaturization technology. A number of scientists were shrunk to a tiny size and injected into the mans body to locate the source of the problem and save him.(67) _ Over the past several decades, the science of n
41、anotechnology has been developing rapidly, and, just as in the film, it involves working with objects of a very small size.Something very similar to the medial procedure seen in Fantastic Voyage is already being used to help save lives today. Tiny crystals known as “quantum dots (量子点)” , whose diame
42、ters are one thousandth of a human hair, are injected into the body of a cancer patient. (68) _ Upon finding a tumor, these quantum dots release their medicine, and then light themselves up so that doctors can see exactly where the cancer cells are.(69) _ We may soon find our everyday lives being af
43、fected by it. Are you tired of having to charge the batteries in your mobile devices? Soon, you dont need to. Scientists are working on solar-cell vests that will absorb energy from the sun as you walk around and provide power for your devices.Eric Drexler, an author and scientist, believes that nan
44、otechnology will lead to a new kind of manufacturing, one in which products are assembled atom by atom. By rearranging atoms, you can turn one kind of molecule into another. For example, a wood molecule can be transformed into a metal molecule. If this is done many times according to a design, a lar
45、ge object such as an ax might eventually be created, just by rearranging atoms (70) _.Although we have already seen its first practical applications, even more dramatic advances will be made in the future.【试题分析】1.重难点词汇及词组解析：（1）词汇：nanotechnology (n.) 纳米技术tumor (n.) 肿瘤；肿块；赘生物quantum (n.) 量子论；额（特指定额、定量
46、）molecule ( n.) 化学 分子；微小颗粒，微粒diameter(n.) 直径miniaturization(n.) 小型化，微型化assemble(v.) vt. 集合，聚集；装配；收集; vi. 集合，聚集（2）词组：catch up with赶上，追上；逮捕；处罚take place发生；举行make a difference有影响，有关系transform into转变成2.语篇整体分析：考点：选句填空分析：本文主要论述了科技的迅速发展已经将一些科幻变为现实，目前纳米技术的发展将会给癌症治疗，以及分子结构转变带来新的可能，同时一旦实现将会影响更多其他领域。3.试题解析：Key
47、s: AFEC67.A，设空在第二段的段首，起到呈接上文引领下文的作用，可以根据上文讲到的科技变为现实和第二段的纳米技术的迅速发展可以得出。68.F, 设空在文章的段落中间，根据上文提到的量子点被注入到病人的体内，和下文量子点释放药物，需要承接两句的具体内容，F选项中的主语they指代清晰，为正确选项。69.E, 设空在段首，起到了总起段落的作用，结合文章结构，上文讲到纳米科技的一项应用，接下来又具体举例其他方面的重大突破，E选项中的also,起到了衔接作用。70.C, C选项中的this指代上文提到的通过重组原子，可以实现分子的转变，一旦成为现实，更多重大奇迹将会被创造。（2018届松江二模）Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. Therhythmoflifeisaslightbeat. B. Expertssayeveryas
