1、杭 州 师 范 大 学 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 命题 纸杭 州 师 范 大 学 2013 年招收攻读硕士研究生入学考试题 考试科目代码： 718 考试科目名称： 综合英语（一） 说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。I. Cloze（每小题1分，共20分）Fill in the blanks with proper words (The first letter is given).We live in a society where there is a lot of talk about science, but I would say that there ar
2、e not 5 percent of the people who are e (1) with schooling, college included, to understand s (2) reasoning. We are more ignorant of science t (3) people with comparable education in Western Europe. There are a lot of kids who know e (4) about computershow to build them, how to take them a (5) , and
3、 how to w (6) programs for games. But if you ask them to e (7) the principles of physics that have gone into creating the c (8) , they dont have the faintest i (9) . The f (10) to understand science leads to such things as the neglect of human creative p (11) . It also gives r (12) to blurring of th
4、e distinction between science and technology. Lots of people dont d (13) between the two. Science is the production of new k (14) which can be applied or not, and t (15) is the a (16) of knowledge to the production of some products, machinery or the l (17) . The two are really very different, and pe
5、ople who have the faculty for one very seldom have the faculty for the o (18) . Science in itself is harmless, more or l (19). But as soon as it can provide technology, it is not necessarily h (20) . No society has yet learned to forecast the consequences of new technology, which can be enormous.II.
6、 Reading Comprehension. (每小题2分，共40分)Read the following five texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D.Text AParents are often upset when their children praise the homes of their friends and regard it as a slur on their own cooking, or cleaning, or furniture, and often are foo
7、lish enough to let the teenagers see that they are annoyed. They may even accuse them of disloyalty, or make some unpleasant remark about the friends parents. Such a loss of dignity and descent into childish behavior on the part of the adults deeply shocks the teenagers, and makes them decide that i
8、n future they will not talk to their parents about the places or people they visit. Before very long the parents will be complaining that the child is so secretive and never tells them anything, but they seldom realize that they have brought this on themselves.Disillusionment with the parents, howev
9、er good and adequate they may be both as parents and as individuals, is to some degree inevitable. Most children have such a high ideal of their parents, unless the parents themselves have been unsatisfactory, that it can hardly hope to stand up to a realistic evaluation. Parents would be greatly su
10、rprised and deeply touched if they realized how much belief their children usually have in their character and infallibility (一贯正确), and how much this faith means to a child. If parents were prepared for this teen-aged reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and devel
11、oping valuable powers of observation and independent judgment, they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it.The teenager, with his passion for sincerity, always respects a parent who admits that he is wrong, or ignorant, or even tha
12、t he has been unfair or unjust. What the child cant forgive is the parents refusal to admit these charges if the child knows them to be true. Victorian parents believed that they kept their dignity by retreating behind an unreasoning authoritarian attitude; in fact they did nothing of the kind, but
13、children were then too frightened to let them know how they really felt. Today we tend to go to the other extreme, but on the whole this is a healthier attitude both for the child and the parent. It is always wiser and safer to face up to reality, however painful it may be at the moment.1. According
14、 to the passage, when the children praise the homes of their friends, their parents tend not to _. A. be sad B. speak bad words about the friends parentsC. praise with them D. regard the praise as a slur on their own home2. In paragraph 2, by “high ideal”, the author means _. A. the realistic evalua
15、tionB. childrens deep belief in their parents character and infallibilityC. parents preparation for the adolescent reactionD. parents being good and adequate3. According to the passage, what cant be accepted by the teenager? A. The parents ignorance. B. His own slur.C. The parents refusal to admit t
16、heir mistakes. D. His resentment to his parents.4. In the first sentence of paragraph 4, “retreating behind an unreasoning authoritarian attitude” may mean _. A. not caring what their childrens behavior B. stating no reason for their attitudeC. drawing back from their unreasonable authoritarian atti
17、tudeD. covering themselves with an unreasonable strict attitude5. According to the passage, which statement is true? A. The children may forgive their parents at all times.B. The parents realize that they are responsible for the secretiveness of their children.C. If the parents act improperly, their
18、 children would always regard themselves as the most ideal.D. The children would respect their parents as long as they admit their wrong doings.Text BBirds that are literally half asleep-with one brain hemisphere alert and the other sleeping-control which side of the brain remains awake, according t
19、o a new study of sleeping ducks.Earlier studies have documented half brain sleep in a wide range of birds. The brain hemispheres take turns sinking into the sleep stage characterized by slow brain waves. The eye controlled by the sleeping hemisphere keeps shut, while the wakeful hemispheres eye stay
20、s open and alert. Birds also can sleep with both hemispheres resting at once.Decades of studies of bird flocks led researchers to predict extra alertness in the more vulnerable, end of the row sleepers. Sure enough, the end birds tended to watch carefully on the side away from their companions. Duck
21、s in the inner spots showed no preference for gaze direction.Also, birds dozing at the end of the line resorted to single hemisphere sleep, rather than total relaxation, more often than inner ducks did. Rotating 16 birds through the positions in a four duck row, the researchers found outer birds hal
22、f asleep during some 32 percent of dozing time versus about 12 percent for birds in internal spots.“We believe this is the first evidence for an animal behaviorally controlling sleep and wakefulness simultaneously in different regions of the brain,” the researchers say.The results provide the best e
23、vidence for a long-standing supposition that single hemisphere sleep evolved as creatures scanned for enemies. The preference for opening an eye on the lookout side could be widespread, he predicts. Hes seen it in a pair of birds dozing side by side in the zoo and in a single pet bird sleeping by a
24、mirror. The mirror side eye closed as if the reflection were accompanied and the other eye stayed open.Useful as half sleeping might be, its only been found in birds and such water mammals as dolphins, whales, and seals. Perhaps keeping one side of the brain awake allows a sleeping animal to surface
25、 occasionally to avoid drowning.Studies of birds may offer unique insights into sleep. Jerome M. Siegel of the UCLA says he wonders if birds half-brain sleep is just the tip of the iceberg. He speculates that more examples may turn up when we take a closer look at other species.6. A new study on bir
26、ds sleep has revealed that _.A. half brain sleep is found in a wide variety of birdsB. half brain sleep is characterized by slow brain wavesC. birds can control their half brain sleep consciouslyD. birds seldom sleep with the whole of their brain at rest 7. According to the passage, birds often half
27、 sleep because _.A. they have to watch out for possible attacksB. their brain hemispheres take turns to restC. the two halves of their brain are differently structuredD. they have to constantly keep an eye on their companions 8. The example of a bird sleeping in front of a mirror indicates that _.A.
28、 the phenomenon of birds dozing in pairs is widespreadB. birds prefer to sleep in pairs for the sake of securityC. even an imagined companion gives the bird a sense of securityD. a single pet bird enjoys seeing its own reflection in the mirror 9. While sleeping, some water mammals tend to keep half
29、awake in order to _.A. alert themselves to the approaching enemyB. emerge from water now and then to breatheC. be sensitive to the ever-changing environmentD. avoid being swept away by rapid currents 10. By “just the tip of the iceberg”( Line 2, Para. 8), Siegel suggests that_ .A. half brain sleep h
30、as something to do with icy weatherB. the mystery of half brain sleep is close to being solvedC. most birds living in cold regions tend to be half sleepersD. half brain sleep is a phenomenon that could exist among other speciesText CIn some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so
31、come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned. There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important people on both s
32、ides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual
33、 progress at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that violence never solves a prob
34、lem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering mean nothing. No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us. The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and harde
35、r to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement. If half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos,
36、at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, we would have gone a long way to arriving at a solution. Our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake. In a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of
37、a stable social programme. The benefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywhere apparent in the world around us. Genuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law. Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence
38、between the races, we must appreciate each others problems. And to do this, we must learn about them: it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information. “Talk, talk, talk,” the advocates of violence say, “all you ever do is talk, and we are none the wiser.” Its rather like the stor
39、y of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judge. After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser. “Possible, my lord,” the barrister replied, “none the wiser, but surely far better informed.” Knowledge is the nece
40、ssary prerequisite to wisdom: the knowledge that violence creates the evils it pretends to solve. 11. What is the best title for this passage?A. Advocating Violence. B. Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice. C. Important People on Both Sides See Violence As a Legitimate Solution. D. The
41、 Instincts of Human Race Are Thirsty for Violence. 12. Recorded history has taught us_. A. violence never solves anything. B. nothing.C. the bloodshed means nothing. D. everything.13. It can be inferred that truly reasonable men _.A. cant get a hearing. B. are looked down upon. C. are persecuted. D.
42、 have difficulty in advocating law enforcement. 14. “He was none the wiser” means _.A. he was not at all wise in listening. B. he was not at all wiser than nothing before. C. he gains nothing after listening. D. he makes no sense of the argument. 15. According the author the best way to solve race p
43、rejudice is _.A. law enforcement. B. knowledge. C. nonviolence. D. mopping up the violent mess.Text DThere are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The one most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual. The argument for this view goes a
44、s follows. In the beginning， human beings viewed the natural forces of the world， even the seasonal changes，as unpredictable，and they sought through various means， to control these unknown and feared powers. Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then retained and repeated u
45、ntil they hardened into fixed rituals. Eventually stories arose which explained or veiled the mysteries of the rites. As time passed some rituals were abandoned，but the stories，later called myths，persisted and provided material for art and drama.Those who believed that drama evolved out of ritual al
46、so argue that those rites contained the seed of theater because music， dance， masks， and costumes were almost always used. Furthermore，a suitable site had to be provided for performances，and when the entire community did not participate， a clear division was usually made between the “acting area” an
47、d the “auditorium”. In addition，there were performers，and，since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites， religious leaders usually assumed that task. Wearing masks and costumes，they often impersonated other people，animals，or supernatural beings，and mimed t
48、he desired effect-success in hunt or battle，the coming rain，the revival of the Sun-as an actor might. Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religious activities.Another theory traces the theaters origin from the human interest in storytelling. According to this view，tales (about the hunt，war，or other feats) are gradually elaborated，at first through the use of imp
