1、取得取得英语语法英语语法成功的基石成功的基石句子成分和句子的基本类型句子成分主语 谓语 宾语观察下面一个例句，你能找到句中的“主语”、“谓语”、“宾语”吗?因此这是个典型的“主谓宾”句型。思考一下：什么是主语(Subject)呢?主语是动作的主体部分在主动句中：主语是动作的发出者I teach you English.在被动句中：主语是动作的承受者You are beaten.主语一般由名词、代词或数词充当。We are good friends.主语还可以由从句或非谓语动词充当。What I want to do is join the party.Smoking is harmful to
2、 your health.To learn English is difficult.我们再想一想什么是谓语(Predicate)谓语 表示一个动作、行为，是由动词充当的。I teach you English.一个句子能不能没有谓语？宾语的分类：动词宾语：动作涉及的对象。I love you.介词宾语：介词所涉及的对象。I want to give this book to you.宾语一般由名词、代词充当。宾语也可以是一个从句或非谓语动词。He told me that he felt lonely.He likes swimming.定语(Attributive):定语的作用？用于修饰、
3、限定名词或代词。定语一般由？充当。a girl定语还可以由名词充当，表用途。a pencil boxbeautiful定语也可以由从句或非谓语动词充当。Those who want to learn English well should study harder than others.an interesting book a meeting to attend定语也可以由副词（词组）或介词（词组）充当。The man over there The books on the shelf定语(Attributive):状语(Adverbial)状语是用于修饰副词、形容词、动词或句子的成分。状
4、语一般由副词充当。Those problems are pretty hard.形容词也可以充当状语。Happy to see him,she forgot everything.状语(Adverbial)介词词组、非谓语动词和从句也可以充当状语They managed to finish the job before Monday.The old man sat on the bench,enjoying the sun-set.As he was leaving the office,it started to rain.补语(Complement)He made his sister c
5、ry.His sister was made to cry.补语是用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份或特征。补语一般由名词或形容词充当。Dont leave me alone.(O C)补语(Complement)随着语态的变化，主语补语和宾语补语是发生变化的。Everyone calls him Jack.（宾补）He is called Jack.（主补）副词、介词（词组）或非谓语动词也可以充当宾语补足语。She laid the baby on the bed.(prep.)I saw him rushing into the classroom.表语(Predicative)用以说明主语的性
6、质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。副词、介词（词组）、非谓语动词或从句都可以在系动词后充当表语。Time is up.(adv.)They are in the classroom.(prep.)The place is where we first met each other.同位语(Appositive)同位语是位于名词或代词后面，重复指代同一事物。同位语一般由名词或名词词组充当The Great Wall,one of the wonders in the world,attracts a large
7、number of foreign friends.名词性从句也可以充当同位语（修饰抽象名词为多）The news that he went abroad surprised me.Albert Einstein said,“If you want to live a happy life,tie it to a goal.”(1)I agree.Goals are important in many ways.(2)Setting goals gives you a focus in life.By setting goals now,you are deciding what you wa
8、nt to achieve in the future.Then you know where you are going in life and can work hard to get there.Setting goals also helps you develop good habits.To realize your goals,you need to have a good plan,manage your time well and pay attention to details.(3)These habits will be helpful.Finally,(4)setti
9、ng goals makes you more confident.When you achieve a goal,you see the result of your hard work and know how much progress you have made.A goal is a dream that needs action.As a result of your action,your dream will come true and hopefully(5)you will live a happy life.SubjectVerbI agreeSubjectVerbPre
10、dicativeSubjectVerbObjectSubjectVerbIndirect objectDirect objectSubjectVerbObject Object complementThese habitswill be helpful Youwill livea happy lifeSetting goalsgivesyoua focus in lifeSetting goalsmakesyoumore confident*A transitive verb is always followed by a(n)(2)_.*Some verbs can have two obj
11、ects.The indirect object usually refers to a person and the direct object a thing.*The object complement adds more information about the object.verbobjectMark the different elements of each sentence with different symbols.Use the example below to help you.You will enjoy(personal)growth at(high)schoo
12、l.Subject:Verb:Object:Predicative:Object complement:Adverbial:Attributive:()1.You will find senior high school different from junior high school.2.Your schoolwork will be more challenging.3.We will give you more independence.4.You should listen more carefully.5.You can join a club.6.Your teachers wi
13、ll help you in many ways.7.You will succeed!()()()()()()()What is your goal for the new term?How are you going to achieve your goal?Write about it using different sentence structures.Use the example below to help you.My goal for the new term is to improve my communication skills.To achieve this goal
14、,I will be friendlier to my classmates.Joininga school club will help me make more friends.I will also read a book on how to improve communication skills.I will succeed!1.They work hard.2.The desk feels hard.3.Plants need water.4.He gave me some seeds.5.We should keep the plants in the shade.1.They
15、work hard.主 +谓2.The desk feels hard.主+系+表3.Plants need water.主+谓+宾4.He gave me some seeds.主+谓+直宾+介宾5.We should keep the plants in the shade.主+谓+宾+宾补英语五种基本句型：1.1.+(主谓主谓)2.2.+(主系表主系表)3.3.+(主谓宾主谓宾)4.+IO+D(主谓间宾主谓间宾 直宾）直宾）5.5.+O(主谓宾主谓宾 宾补宾补)英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。基本句型
16、一 +（主谓）（主谓）此句型的句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。（不及物动词）（不及物动词）1.Time 2.The moon 3.The man4.We all 5.Everybody 6.I 7.They 8.He 9.He10.Theyflies.rose.cooked.eat,and drink.laughed.woke.talked for half an hour.walked yesterday.is playing.have gone.基本句型基本句型 二二 +（主系表）（主系表）此句型的句子谓语动词不能表达一个完整
17、的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。Our school became larger and larger.city/become/beautiful feel/happy主语主语 +系动词系动词 +表语表语系动词主要分三类：be,look,feel,smell,taste,soundseem,appear get,grow,become,turn,go,come,prove(turn out)stay,keep,remain be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义He looks very
18、cheerful.He looks at me cheerfully.S V PS V prep O 基本句型 三 +（主谓宾）（主谓宾）此句型句子的共同特点是谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。（实义动词）（实义动词）(宾语宾语)1.Who 2.She 3.He 8.He 5.They 6.I 7.He the answer?her.English.cakes.some apples.to have a cup of tea.Good morning.knows laughs at unders
19、tands made ate want said S+V+O Bill kicks the ball.Bill kicks the red ball.Bill kicks the red ball hard.Bill kicks the red ball hard every day.基本句型 四+IO+D+IO+D(主谓间宾直宾主谓间宾直宾 此句型的句子谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是指人，另一个是指物,通常指人的宾语用一个介词（to或for）来连接，当指人的宾语在指物的宾语之前时，这一介词往往被省略。（及（及物）物）（多指（多指人）人）（多指物）（多指物）1.S
20、he2.She 3.He 8.He 5.I 6.I 7.I 4.He passed cooked brought bought showed gave told showed himher husband you her him him mea new dress.a delicious meal.a dictionary.nothing.my pictures.a hand.how to run the machine.that the bus was late.练习1 她给我们唱了一首英文歌曲。2 我去给你沏点新鲜茶。3 这会省去你很多麻烦。4 请帮我把今天的报纸拿来。She sang u
21、s an English song.Ill make you some fresh tea.That will save you a lot of trouble.Please fetch me todays paper.S+V+O+OC 动词虽然是及物动词，但是一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语才能使意思完整。（及物）（及物）O（宾语）（宾语）O（宾补）（宾补）1.We 4.They5.What 6.We 7.He the table the house him him me clean.dirty.sad?out.to come back.keep found ma
22、kes saw asked We found the hall full.我们发现礼堂坐满了。We found the great hall full of students and teachers.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an i
23、mportant report made by a comrade from the Peoples Daily on current affairs in East Europe.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。Even though there may be a tendency in some rare families to live extraordinarily long,the genetic influence that emerged from the studies of twins was significantly less than much of the public and many scientists think it is.S+V+PThank you for your attending!
