1、译林牛津英语（译林牛津英语（2020版）版）单元词汇详解单元词汇详解Yunhe Middle School of Jiangsu Province 必修必修一一 Unit Unit 1 Back to School1 Back to School1.potential/ptenl/n.潜力；可能性 adj.潜在的，可能的(2)【原句背诵】realizing your potential Most importantly,your time and effort at senior high school will open the door to your potential.【词形转换】po
2、tentially adv.可能地；潜在地【联想拓展】market potential 经市场潜力；市场潜在需求量development potential 发展潜力；发展前景growth potential 增长潜力；生长势potential customer 潜在的顾客potential demand 潜在需要potential impact 潜在影响【语境助记】First we need to identify actual and potential problems.首先，我们需要弄清实际的问题和潜在的问题。The company has identified 60 potentia
3、l customers.该公司已确定了60位潜在的客户。We are aware of the potential problems and have taken every precaution.我们意识到了潜在的问题，已经采取了一切防范措施。Mountain climbing is becoming a popular sport,but it is also a potentially dangerous one.登山正在成为一项流行的运动，但它也是一项潜在的危险运动。【链接高考】（2021新高考I卷）The ability to accurately understand how ot
4、hers are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients,while a cheater might use it to control potential victims.准确理解他人感受的能力可能被医生用来找出如何最好地帮助她的病人，而骗子可能会利用这种能力来控制潜在的受害者。(2018江苏卷）Investment in arts could produce potential positive economic results.投资艺术会产生潜在的积极经济成果。（2014江苏卷，完形填空）
5、During this period Dale was slowly 44(developing)an inferiority complex(自卑感),which his mother knew could 45(prevent)him from achieving his real potential.在此期间戴尔慢慢产生了自卑感，他的母亲知道这会阻碍他发挥他的真正潜力。2.senior/sini(r)/adj.中学的（招收 11 或13 岁以上学生）；级别高的；高级水平的；老年的 n.级别（或地位）较高者；较年长的人；高水平运动员(2)【原句背诵】The speech below was
6、 given to new senior high school students by their principal,Mr Xu,on the first day of term.Hello,everyone!Welcome to senior high school!【反义词】junior/duni(r)/adj.（学校）为 11 或 13岁以下儿童设立的；地位（或级别）低的；青少年的 n.职位较低者；青少年运动员(5)【警示误区】在表示“比级别高（低）/地位高（低）；比年长（轻）”时，要用介词to，不用than。My brother is senior to me by two yea
7、rs.家兄比我年长两岁。【语境助记】I have ten years experience at senior management level.我有十年的高层管理经验。The meeting should be chaired by the most senior person present.会议应由在座的职位最高的人主持。Junior nurses usually work alongside more senior nurses.初级护士通常和较高级的护士一起工作。【链接高考】（2019江苏卷）To enjoy the convenience of digital payment,ma
8、ny senior citizens started to use smart phones.为了享受数字支付的便利，很多老年人开始使用智能手机。（2014江苏卷）By the time Dale was a senior,he had won every top honor in 51(speech).到戴尔大四的时候，他已经赢得了演讲方面的所有最高荣誉。（2016北京卷）Moreover,I completed the senior course of Computer Basics,plus five relevant pre-college courses.此外，我还完成了计算机基础的
9、高级课程，以及五门相关的大学预科课程。3.path/p/n.道路；小路；成功的途径(2)4.challenge/tlnd/n.&vt.挑战；质疑(2)5.thinking/k/n.思维，思想；想法(2)【原句背诵】The path before you leads to a world full of challenges:a new environment,new knowledge and new ways of thinking.【词性转换】challengeable adj.挑战性的【联想拓展】meet the challenge 迎接挑战；满足要求rise to the challe
10、nge 接受挑战，奋起应付挑战take up the challenge 应战【语境助记】The role will be the biggest challenge of his acting career.扮演这个角色将是他演艺生涯中最大的挑战。Destruction of the environment is one of the most serious challenges we face.环境的破坏是我们所面临的最严峻的挑战之一。Schools must meet the challenge of new technology(=deal with it successfully)
11、.学校必须迎接新技术的挑战。She does not like anyone challenging her authority.她不喜欢任何人挑战她的权威。The study of consciousness is difficult,and challengeable as well for psychological researchers.意识研究是心理学中的一大难点，也是一项富有挑战性的工作。【链接高考】（2020江苏卷）There will still be lots of challenges if we are to classify garbage in a short ti
12、me.如果我们要在短时间内对垃圾进行分类，仍然会有很多挑战。(2020江苏卷）Taking on this challenge will bring you in contact with someone who shares your interests.接受这个挑战会让你接触和你有共同兴趣的人。(2021浙江卷)He was thrilled to be doing the comedy that he always felt he should do,but even during his last few years,he always had a sense of curiosity
13、,wondering what new role or challenge might be just around the comer.他很高兴能出演这部他一直认为自己应该出演的喜剧，但即使是在他生命的最后几年，他也一直怀有好奇心，期待新的角色或挑战。（2022全国乙卷）Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact(联系)and share with one another.With busy schedules,squeezing in phone calls can be
14、 a challenge.6.positive/pztv/adj.积极乐观的；良好的，正面的(2)【熟词生义】（电）正极；阳性7.opportunity/ptjunti/n.机会，时机(2)【原句背诵】1.However,for those of you with a positive mind,opportunity lies in each challenge.2.When you rise to the challenges,you will have the opportunity to acquire great knowledge and enjoy personal growth
15、.【词形转换】positively adv.积极地，乐观地 positiveness n.信心；肯定；确定；积极性【联想拓展】（1）positive effect 积极的效果；明显效果 positive attitude 积极态度 positive influence 正面影响，积极影响positive pressure 正压力 positive feedback 正反馈 positive change 正向的改变positive factor 积极的因素；正因素 positive action 积极行动；强制作用positive energy 正能量；正面能量in a positive wa
16、y 用积极的方法；从正面positive and negative 正反；肯定和否定positive and negative effects 正负作用【反义词】positive的反义词是negative/netv/adj.缺乏热情的；负面的，消极的【熟词生义】（电）负极；阴性【语境助记】She tried to be more positive about her new job.她力求对新工作更有信心。We must take positive steps to deal with the problem.我们必须采取积极步骤处理这个问题。Theres been a positive re
17、sponse to the U.N.Secretary-Generals recent peace efforts.对联合国秘书长最近的和平努力已有积极回应。The crisis had a negative effect on trade.这次危机对贸易产生了很坏的影响。Scientists have a fairly negative attitude to the theory.科学家对这个理论的态度是相当消极的。The whole experience was definitely more positive than negative.整个经历当然是利多于弊。The little g
18、irl answered my question with positiveness.她自信地回答我的问题。Thinking positively is one way of dealing with stress.保持乐观是对付压力的一种方法。【联想拓展】（2）seize the opportunity 抓住机遇，抓住机会rare opportunity 稀有机会，难得机会equal opportunity 机会均等opportunity cost 机会成本take the opportunity 利用机会，抓住机会unique opportunity 唯一机会；极难得的机会employme
19、nt opportunity 就业机会job opportunity 工作机会，就业机会investment opportunity 投资机会economic opportunity 经济机会opportunity to perform 实践的机会；表现机会equal employment opportunity 同等就业机会，均等就业机会【语境助记】Youll have the opportunity to ask any questions at the end.你们最后将有机会提问任何问题。There was no opportunity for further discussion.没
20、有机会进行深入讨论了。At least give him the opportunity of explaining what happened.至少要给他机会解释一下发生了什么事。Our company promotes equal opportunities for women(=women are given the same jobs,pay,etc.as men).本公司提倡男女机会均等。Id like to take this opportunity to thank my colleagues for their support.我谨借此机会感谢同事的支持。【链接高考】（2022
21、全国乙卷）Todays figures,according to one government official,show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities(设施)and healthier eating in schools.（2022浙江1月）More research is needed to see if improved fitness could have a positive effect on the risk of
22、 dementia and also to look at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is most important.（2019北京卷）Whatever stage of life youre at，wherever you go and whatever project you do in GDA,youll create positive changes in a poor and remote community(社区).无论是在生活的哪个阶段，无论你去哪里，无论你在GDA做什么项目，您都会给一个贫穷和偏远社区带来积极的变
23、化。（2019天津卷）A committee of teachers will evaluate materials and give opinions.Students then have an opportunity to improve their products.教师委员会将对材料进行评估并发表意见。然后学生有机会改进他们的产品。（2017天津卷）Explain your frustrations calmly and sensibly see it as an opportunity to clear up any difficulties you may have with th
24、is person.冷静而理智地解释你的挫折感把它看作是一个解决你和这个人之间存在的任何困难的机会。8.lie in 存在于，在于(2)【原句背诵】However,for those of you with a positive mind,opportunity lies in each challenge.【联想拓展】lie in（位置）在内部lie to（位置）在外部lie on（位置）位于（接壤）The town lies on the coast.这个小镇位于海边。【误区】表示位置关系时，范围不同时，介词也不同。Japan lies to the east of China.日本位于中
25、国的东面。cf.Japan lies in the east of Asia.日本位于亚洲的东部。【语境助记】The roots of this feeling may lie in our childhood.这种感觉的根源可能在于我们的童年。The future of Wenzhou will now lie in providing services to these less developed areas,argues one button and zipper factory owner.温州的未来在于为这些欠发达地区提供服务，一名纽扣和拉链工厂主这样说。The main caus
26、es of this fakement phenomena lie in the factors of profit.这种伪造现象的主要原因在于利润因素。【链接高考】（2020新课标I卷）The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register.重新阅读的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系是基于我们现在的心理状态。（2018北京卷）So far there is no effective way to get rid of it,but a
27、new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.到目前为止还没有有效的方法去除它，但是一项新的研究表明答案可能在一些饥饿的蠕虫的胃里。9.rise to 能够处理(2)10.acquire/kwa(r)/vt.获得，得到(2)【原句背诵】When you rise to the challenges,you will have the opportunity to acquire great knowledge and enjoy personal growth.【词形转换】acquisitio
28、n/kwzn/n.（知识、技能等的）获得，得到；acquirement n.取得；学得；才能；成就【联想拓展】acquire knowledge and skills 获得知识和技巧；求得知识；获取知识acquire a reputation for赢得声誉【语境助记】He was determined to rise to the challenge.他决心克服困难迎接挑战。Perhaps the opposed parties will lay aside their sectional interests and rise to this challenge.反对党或许会放弃他们的局部利
29、益，站起来面对这一挑战。She has acquired a good knowledge of English.她英语已经学得很好。He has acquired a reputation for dishonesty.他得到了奸诈的名声。He devotes his time to the acquisition of knowledge.他把时间用在获取知识上。【链接高考】（2021全国乙卷）Network learning has increasingly become an important means for people to acquire knowledge and sol
30、ve problems.网络学习日益成为人们获取知识、解决问题的重要手段。（2015天津卷）Boldness a willingness to extend yourself to the extremeis not one that can be acquired overnight.勇敢一种将自己延伸到极限的意愿不是一夜之间就能获得的。11.effort/eft/n.努力，费力的事；试图(2)【原句背诵】Most importantly,your time and effort at senior high school will open the door to your potenti
31、al.【联想拓展】in an effort to 企图（努力想）；试图要make every effort 尽一切努力make an effort 努力，作出努力spare no effort to do something 不遗余力；抽出；宽容；节省joint effort 共同努力concerted effort 齐心协力research effort 研究工作；研究计划without effort 毫不费力team effort 团队合作，团队努力的结果put effort into something 对某事付出极大的力气【语境助记】The company has laid off 1
32、50 workers in an effort to save money.公司为节省资金遣散了150名工作人员。A lot of effort has gone into making this event a success.为使这次活动成功费了很大的劲。Its a long climb to the top,but well worth the effort.爬到顶上路程很长，虽然费力却很值得。You should put more effort into your work.你应该更加努力地工作。The local clubs are making every effort to in
33、terest more young people.地方俱乐部正在尽一切努力来吸引更多的年轻人。We should spare no effort to beautify our environment,because it is shared by all the human beings.我们应不遗余力地美化我们的环境，因为它是全人类共有的。【链接高考】（2022全国乙卷）Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers efforts to avoid the charge,acc
34、ording to Treasury figures.（2022全国乙卷）Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible,extra effort goes a long way on special days.（2019江苏卷）With their patience and efforts,they successfully developed a combination of artificial breeding（人工繁殖）and natural reproduction.通过耐心和努力，他们成功地培育一个
35、人工繁殖和自然繁殖的合成体。（2019浙江卷）His effort to reunite families with lost medals began with a Christmas gift from his mother,a Purple Heart with the name Corrado A.G.Piccoli,found in an antique shop.为了让失去奖章的家庭团聚，他的努力始于母亲在一家古董店找到的一件名叫科拉多皮科利(Corrado a.G.Piccoli)的紫心勋章。（2020新课标I卷）While Queensland Rail makes every
36、 effort to ensure trains run as scheduled,there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services.虽然昆士兰铁路尽一切努力确保火车按时运行，但不能保证火车之间或火车服务与公共汽车服务之间的连接。12.advance/dvns/n.进步，进展；前进，行进 vt.&vi.发展，进步(3)【原句背诵】Who knows what beautiful works of art you will create,what m
37、edical advances you will make or what amazing technologies you will develop!【词形转换】advanced adj.先进的；高级的，高等的；高龄的【联想拓展】in advance adv.预先，提前in advance of 超过；在前面with the advance of 随着的增加；随着(时间)的推移on the advance (物价)在上涨advance notice 预先通知make advances 接近；预付；取得进步advance development 先期发展；超前掘进advance with th
38、e times 与时俱进；与时代发展同步伐【语境助记】We live in an age of rapid technological advance.我们生活在技术迅猛发展的时代。Medical technology has advanced considerably.医学技术已大大发展了。The subject of the talk is announced a week in advance.会谈的主题提前一周宣布。Our knowledge of the disease has advanced considerably over recent years.近年来我们对这种疾病的了解
39、深入多了。This research has done much to advance our understanding of language learning.这项研究大大提高了我们对语言学习的认识。【链接高考】（2022全国乙卷）Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot.(2021新高考I卷)It is our hope that in coming decades,advances in science
40、will offer new perspectives(视角)from which to study how people manage their lives.我们希望，在未来几十年里，科学的进步会提供新的视角，研究人们如何管理自己的生活。（2020山东卷）She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves:nursing.她决定回到大学去发展她的事业，在做她喜欢的事情（护理）的同时
41、更好地支持她的家庭。13.amazing/mez/adj.令人大为惊奇的，令人惊喜的(3)【原句背诵】Who knows what beautiful works of art you will create,what medical advances you will make or what amazing technologies you will develop!【词形转换】amazingly adv.令人惊奇地amaze/mez/v.使惊奇，使惊愕amazed adj.惊讶的；惊奇的amazedly adv.惊奇地，吃惊地amazement n.惊讶；惊喜【联想拓展】an amazi
42、ng achievement/discovery/success/performance 惊人的成就发现成功表演 be amazed(at/by sb/sth)be amazed(how/that.)be amazed(to see,find,learn,etc.)大为惊奇to ones amazement 让某人惊奇【语境助记】The most amazing thing about nature is its infinite variety.大自然最让人惊叹的地方在于它的无限多样性。Amazingly,they worked out how to do this successfully
43、.令人惊讶的是，他们成功地解决了这个问题。I was amazed at her knowledge of French literature.她的法国文学知识之丰富使我大为惊奇。To my amazement,he remembered me.使我大为惊奇的是他还记得我。【链接高考】（2022全国甲卷）“From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises,the whole experience was amazing.Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,”Ginn
44、i says.（2021浙江卷）Summer is upon us.There is an amazing world out there,and it needs our children as much as they need it.夏天来了。外面是一个神奇的世界，它需要我们的孩子，就像他们需要它一样。（2019全国卷I）Except for some stumbles,Chris is doing amazingly well.除了有几次错误，克里斯做得非常好。（2017北京卷）Amazingly,Taylor had just taken a CPR course the day b
45、efore.令人惊讶的是，泰勒前一天刚上了心肺复苏课程。（2012江苏卷）Once introduced to Steinbecks writing,one boy went on to read The Grapes of Wrath and told me repeatedly how amazing it was that“all these people hate each other,and theyre all white.”有人介绍过斯坦贝克的作品后，一个男孩接着读愤怒的葡萄，并反复告诉我让人惊讶的是“所有这些人都互相憎恨，而且他们都是白人”。14.confidence/knfd
46、ns/n.信心，信任；把握【原句背诵】The possibilities are endless,and I have confidence in your ability to make a difference to your family,to your community and to our country.(3)【词形转换】confident/knfdnt/adj.自信的；有自信心的；有把握的confidently adv.自信地；安心地【联想拓展】with confidence 满怀信心地consumer confidence 消费信任度have confidence in 对有
47、信心in confidence 秘密地build confidence 树立信心be confident in sth.对某事有信心be confident about/of(doing)sth.对(做)某事有把握be confident that.确信；肯定；自信【语境助记】The players all have confidence in their manager.队员都信赖他们的教练。A fall in unemployment will help to restore consumer confidence.失业人数的下降会有助于恢复消费者的信心。She has every con
48、fidence in her students abilities.她完全相信她学生的能力。While girls lack confidence,boys often overestimate their abilities.女孩通常缺乏自信，而男孩则往往会高估自己的能力。The teacher wants the children to feel confident about asking questions when they dont understand.教师要孩子们遇到不懂的问题就大胆提问。【链接高考】（2018江苏卷）As their world expanded,she sa
49、id,children compared themselves to others online in a way that was hugely damaging in terms of their self-identity,in terms of their confidence,but also in terms of their ability to develop themselves.她说，随着世界的扩展，孩子们在网上与他人进行比较，这种方式对“他们的自我认同、自信心以及自我发展能力都造成了极大的伤害”。（2017北京卷）On September 11,1933,famous p
50、hysicist Ernest Rutherford stated,with confidence,Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.1933年9月11日，著名的物理学家欧内斯特卢瑟福自信地说:“任何期望在这些原子的转变中找到能量来源的人，都是在胡扯。”（2016天津卷）Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility,independence,confidence and c
